Flashcards in chemistry chapter 3 Deck (22)
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1
molecules
atoms of many elements that can combine to form this
2
chemical bonds
strong attractive forces that hold together atoms in most molecules
3
octet rule
which states that an atom tends to bond with other atoms until it has eight electrons in its outermost shell, thereby forming a stable electron configuration similar to that of the group VIII (noble gas) elements
4
ionic bonding
an electron(s) from an atom with a smaller ionization energy is transferred to an atom with a greater electron affinity, and the resulting ions are held together by electrostatic forces
5
covalent bonding
an electron pair is shared between two atoms
6
polar covalent bonds
the bond is partially covalent and partially ionic
7
cation
the atom that loses electrons becomes a positively charged ion
8
anion
the atom that gains electrons becomes a negatively charged ion
9
ionic compounds
have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces between the ions, can conduct electricity in the liquid and aqueous states
10
bond order
the number of shared electron pairs between two atoms
11
bond length
is the average distance between the two nuclei of the atoms involved in the bond
12
bond energy
is the energy required to separate two bonded atoms
13
bonding electrons
the shared valence electrons of a covalent bond
14
nonbonding electrons
the valence electrons not involved in the covalent bond
15
lone electron pairs
the unshared electron pairs
16
Lewis structure
is used to represent the bonding and nonbonding electrons in a molecule, facilitating chemical "bookkeeping"
17
polar covalent bond
occurs between atoms with small differences in electronegativity, generally in the range of 0.4 to 1.7 Pauling units
18
nonpolar covalent bond
occurs between atoms that have the same electronegativities. The bonding pair is shared equally, with no separation of charge across the bond
19
coordinate covalent bond
the shared electron pair comes from the lone pair of one of the atoms in the molecule
20
lewis acid
is a compound that can accept an electron pair to form a covalent bond
21
lewis base
is a compound that can donate an electron pair to form a covalent bond
22
