Chemistry Semester 1 Final Exam

Question 1

the negative subatomic particle in the electron cloud of an atom

Answer 1

electron

Question 2

a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

Answer 2

electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

a unit of distance for measuring waves

Answer 3

wavelength

Question 4

the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain time

Answer 4

frequency

Question 5

the spectrum of light released from excited atoms of an element

Answer 5

emission spectrum

Question 6

it is impossible to determine the position and velocity of an electron or other particle simultaneously

Answer 6

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 7

electrons in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud

Answer 7

valence electrons

Question 8

the tendency of atoms to prefer to have 8 valence electrons

Answer 8

Octet rule

Question 9

atoms or molecules that have a charge due to having lost or gained electrons

Answer 9

ions

Question 10

atoms that lose electrons in order to become stable; results in a positive charge; usually metals

Answer 10

cations

Question 11

atoms that gain electrons in order to become stable; results in a negative charge; usually nonmetals

Answer 11

anions

Question 12

a convenient and simple way to represent an element and its valence electrons

Answer 12

Lewis structures

Question 13

a mathematical description for the wave properties of electrons and other tiny particles

Answer 13

Quantum theory

Question 14

a 3D region around the nucleus that shows where an electron probably is

Answer 14

orbital

Question 15

the most stable arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron cloud

Answer 15

Electron configuration

Question 16

electrons fill the lowest energy orbital first

Answer 16

Aufbau principle

Question 17

orbitals of equal energy each get 1 electrons before any orbital gets a second pair

Answer 17

Hund’s rule

Question 18

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers

Answer 18

Pauli exclusion principle

Question 19

objective; based on senses

Answer 19

observation

Question 20

subjective; based on perceptions

Answer 20

inference

Question 21

data based on qualities

Answer 21

qualitative data

Question 22

data based on quantities (numbers and measurements)

Answer 22

quantitative data

Question 23

ratios of equivalent values (meaning they equal 1)

Answer 23

conversion factors

Question 24

the number of digits in a measurement that reflect how accurate the measurement is

Answer 24

significant figures

Question 25

a technique for converting numbers into different units, without changing their value

Answer 25

dimensional analysis

Question 26

anything that has mass and value

Answer 26

matter

Question 27

a measure of the amount of matter

Answer 27

mass

Question 28

a measure of how much space something takes up

Answer 28

volume

Question 29

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of the element

Answer 29

atom

Question 30

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler or more stable

Answer 30

element

Question 31

a pure substance that can be chemically broken down into simple and more stable substances; when atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined

Answer 31

compound

Question 32

pure matter with a fixed composition throughout

Answer 32

substance

Question 33

combination of matter with a variable composition throughout

Answer 33

mixture

Question 34

a mixture with an even distribution of components

Answer 34

homogeneous mixture

Question 35

when one substance (solute) is dissolved into another (solvent)

Answer 35

solution

Question 36

the measure of how well a solute dissolves in a solvent

Answer 36

solubility

Question 37

when the solute is dissolved in water

Answer 37

aqueous solution

Question 38

a solution of metals

Answer 38

alloy

Question 39

a mixture with an uneven distribution of components

Answer 39

heterogeneous mixture

Question 40

matter is never created or destroyed, it only changes form

Answer 40

Law of conservation of matter

Question 41

the smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element

Answer 41

atom

Question 42

the positive subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 42

proton

Question 43

the negative subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 43

electron

Question 44

the neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 44

neutron

Question 45

electrons in the outermost energy level of the electron cloud

Answer 45

valence electron

Question 46

make up protons and neutrons and their attraction holds the nucleus together

Answer 46

quarks

Question 47

number of protons in an atom of the element; used to identify an element

Answer 47

atomic number

Question 48

number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 48

mass number

Question 49

aka families; the vertical columns on the periodic table

Answer 49

groups

Question 50

the horizontal rows on the periodic table

Answer 50

periods

Question 51

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Answer 51

isotopes

Question 52

weighted average of all of the different versions of an element; measured in amu

Answer 52

average atomic mass

Question 53

a charged atom

Answer 53

ion