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Anatomy Honors > Second Semester Biology Exam > Flashcards

Second Semester Biology Exam Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they

A

can apply to more than one animal

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2
Q

One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as

A

binomial nomenclature

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3
Q

According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized?

A

the genus name only

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4
Q

Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same

A

species

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5
Q

The second part of a scientific name is unique to each

A

species in its genus

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6
Q

Often, the second part of a scientific name is

A

a description of a trait or habitat

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7
Q

Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean System?

A

Phylum and Kingdom

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8
Q

The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called

A

evolutionary classification

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9
Q

In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a

A

derived character

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10
Q

All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, ans Animalia are

A

eukaryotes

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11
Q

Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin

A

Fungi

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12
Q

The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environment is

A

Archaea

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13
Q

vary greatly in size and structure

A

viruses

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14
Q

Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT

A

lyse the host cell right away

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15
Q

The instructions for making new copies of a virus are

A

coded in either RNA or DNA

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16
Q

How do viruses cause disease?

A

by destroying cells or affecting cellular processes

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17
Q

During a lytic infection, the host cell

A

is destroyed when it bursts

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18
Q

What is the basic structure of a virus?

A

A DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

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19
Q

Viral diseases can be:

A

prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics

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20
Q

The outer protein coat of a virus is called a

A

capsid

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21
Q

What three materials make up many viruses?

A

proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

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22
Q

Viral infections can be prevented by vaccines, which are:

A

preparations of weakened or killed viruses

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23
Q

A lytic infection concludes with the:

A

bursting of the host cell

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24
Q

A prophage is made of

A

viral DNA

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25
Bacteria and archaea differ in
the makeup of their cell walls
26
Know that a coccus is the figure with _______ shaped organisms attached together
ball
27
Which of the following can survive either with oxygen or without it?
facultative anaerobes
28
During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information?
conjugation
29
Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called
decomposers
30
How do bacteria cause disease?
by destroying cells and releasing toxins
31
Bacteria that cause disease are called
Pathogens
32
An unknown disease or a well-known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control is called an
emerging disease
33
What might people to do prevent the development of more superbugs?
They should use stronger disinfectants.
34
What kind of pathogen causes dumps of misfolded proteins to form in the brain?
prion
35
Prions differ from viruses because
prions contain no DNA or RNA
36
single-celled eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, fungi, or animal kingdoms
prokaryotes
37
move by changing shape
amoeboid movement
38
temporary projection of cytoplasm that causes the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward. Used by the ameba
Pseudopods
39
long structures supported by microtubules that spin like propellors or whip back and forth to produce movement
flagella
40
example of conjugatoin
Paramecium
41
exchange of genetic information and then the cell goes into mitosis
conjugation
42
Two different life styles and structures. Alternate between haploid and diploid stages
Alternation of Generations
43
Sexual example of alternation of generations
oomycota
44
__________ produce asexually by producing sporangium that contain spores
Water molds
45
Have the ability to use the energy of light to make a carbohydrate food source
Autotrophic Protists
46
Ecological Roles. _________ that are small free floating organisms are found at the surface of oceans and lakes carry out half of the photosynthesis on earth and are the primary food source for water life like whales.
Phytoplankton
47
Have to obtain food from other living organisms
Heterotrophic Protists
48
Examples of Heterotrophic Protists. ________ capture and digest food through the use of pseudopods that form food vacuoles to temporarily store food until it's broken by lysosomes.
Amoebas
49
Individual amoebo forms that form large structures that have many nuclei called plasmodium that absorb molecules for nutrients through their cell walls and membranes
Slime Molds
50
two species live close together
symbiotic protists
51
protist benefits at the expense of the host
parasitic
52
flagellated protist that causes African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma
53
heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls that contain chitin
Fungus
54
Reproductive structure of a fungus made of hyphae that grows from the mycelium (common mushroom figure)
fruiting body
55
tangled mass of branching hyphae below the soil remains below and is not visible
Mycelium
56
Decomposition
By breaking down plants and dead material, fungi return nutrients and trace elements that plants remove from the soil.
57
Mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
lichens
58
Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a green plant especially at the root
Mycorrhizae
59
The ______ collect water and minerals and bring them to the roots increasing surface area and speed the growth of the plant.
hyphae
60
They're able to survive in harsh environments and usually are the first organisms to invade a barren environment.
Lichens
61
Plants need specific things since they are
stationary
62
Use the energy from sunlight that's captured by the leaves to carry on photosynthesis
sunlight
63
Ancestors were _______ dwelling organisms similar to single celled green algae
water
64
Alternation of Generations - __ alternating phases
2 alternating phases
65
Diploid Phase - 2N - Sporophyte
Spore producing plant phase
66
What was the first plant?
Green Algae
67
Single celled or branched filaments. Green algae was the first plant because of
cellulose in the cell wall
68
Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Bryophytes
69
What anchors them to the soil?
Rhizoids
70
Vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates made from photosynthesis
Phloem
71
Plant embryo and a food supply encased in a protective covering
Seed
72
Exposed seeds on scales within cones
Gymnosperm
73
Gametophytes (N) develop in reproductive structures called
cones
74
The male gametophyte is contained in the _____________ made in the male cone
pollen grain
75
Plants that bear their seeds in a layer of tissue that protects the seed. Flowering Plants.
Angiosperms
76
Tissues that develop into fruit that protects the seed after fertilization
Ovaries
77
Life span of one year
annuals
78
obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms
heterotrophs
79
cell membranes (lack cell walls)
multicellular
80
contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
eukaryotic
81
all animals that lack a backbone or vertebral column
invertebrates
82
Invertebrates make up what percent of animals
95%
83
Vertebrates or Invertebrates include seas stars, worms, jellyfish, and insects
Invertebrates
84
Fewer than 5% of animals
Chordates
85
Chordates belong to which phylum?
Phylum Chordata
86
Chordates all exhibit 4 characteristics in one stage in life including a tail that extends beyond the
anus
87
paired structures in the throat region
Pharyngeal pouches
88
In fish, pharyngeal pouches may develop into gills used for
gas exchange
89
Four functions needed to maintain homeostasis or a stable internal environment. What gathers information and responds?
Nervous system or nerve cells.
90
Helps produce movement by shortening when stimulated by the nervous system
Muscle tissue
91
Muscles work with the __________ system to coordinate movement. Vertebrates skeletons internal and made if bones, invertebrates can be outside
skeleton
92
What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
They reproduce faster
93
What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
There is no genetic diversity.
94
Most animals have similar tissues. Four of them include
Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous
95
Body parts that extend outward from the center with many lines of symmetry
Radial Symmetry
96
Body can be divided into right and left sides that are mirror images.
Bilateral Symmetry
97
Example of bilateral symmetry
Upper dorsal
98
Differentiation of Germ Layers
3 layers in embryo
99
innermost, develop into digestive tract and respiratory systems
Endoderm
100
Body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
Coelom
101
Example of a coelom
earthworm
102
fertilized egg
zygote
103
the fertilized egg develops into a hollow ball of cells
blastula
104
internal or external body parts repeat on each side of the body like legs or arms
segmentation
105
appendages can vary in _______.
species
106
Forelimps:
Human arms, Dolphin flippers, Wings of birds

Anatomy Honors (49 decks)

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