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Anatomy Honors > Anatomy Ch 4 Quiz: Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Anatomy Ch 4 Quiz: Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

within a cell many thousands of chemical reactions take place to keep the cell in _____________

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

a constant supply of _______ is needed for cellular reactions to occur

A

energy

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3
Q

_________ control the rate at which the reactions in cells take place

A

enzymes

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4
Q

Examples of chemical reactions:

A

cellular respiration, protein synthesis, cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, DNA replication

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5
Q

____________ is the set of chemical reactions that acquire, store, and release energy in cells

A

Cellular metabolism

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6
Q

The energy for cellular metabolism comes from the _________ of nutrient molecules from the diet

A

chemical bonds

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7
Q

build large molecules from small ones

A

anabolic reaction

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8
Q

example of anabolic reaction

A

dehydration synthesis

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9
Q

breakdown of larger molecules to smaller ones

A

catabolic reaction

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10
Q

example of a catabolic reaction

A

hydrolosis

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11
Q

Examples of anabolic reactions by dehydration synthesis

A

1) the production of glycogen (polysaccharide)
2) the production of triglycerides
3) the production of proteins
4) the production of nucleic acids

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12
Q

Examples of catabolic reactions by hydrolosis

A

1) breakdown of carbohydrates into monosaccharides (digestion)
2) breakdown of fats into glycerol and fatty acids
3) breakdown of proteins into amino acids
4) breakdown of nucleic acids into sugar, phosphoric acid, and purine/pyrimidine

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13
Q

cells perform ___________ that take hundreds of chemical changes that happen in a fast and orderly manner thanks to enzymes

A

metabolic reactions

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14
Q

cells perform metabolic reactions that take hundreds of chemical changes that happen in a fast and orderly manner thanks to _______

A

enzymes

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15
Q

Without enzymes, reactions in cells would not ________ to keep a cell in homeostasis (because body temp. not high enough)

A

happen fast enough

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16
Q

Metabolic reactions need _________ to happen

A

energy (ATP)

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17
Q

Enzymes are ______________.

A

catalysts

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18
Q

Enzymes are proteins that work by ______________ and speed the rates of ___________.

A

lowering the activation energy, chemical reaxtions

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19
Q

Enzymes are not consumed in their function to ______________

A

speed the rate of the reaction

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20
Q

Each enzyme acts only on one specific _____________

A

substrate

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21
Q

an enzymes ___________allows it to recognize it substrate

A

conformation

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22
Q

an enzymes conformation allows it to recognize it ________-

A

substrate

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23
Q

When the substrate changes because enzyme acted, the reaction has taken place and a _________ is formed.

A

new product

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24
Q

Every cell contains hundreds of enzymes to _____________.

A

help complete reactions

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25
Many __________ are reversible.
enzymatic reactions
26
The rate/speed of enzyme-controlled reactions depends on:
a. Number of enzymes and substrate molecules in the cell b. How many substrates an individual enzyme can process per second
27
Some enzymes can only process a few substrates, but other enzymes can process ____________ per second.
thousands
28
Most enzymes are proteins and they can be denature by __________________________________.
exposure to heat radiation electricity fluids with extreme pH values certain chemicals
29
Many _________ become inactive at 45 C and nearly all denature at 55 C.
enzymes
30
Some enzymes are inactive until they combine with a ___________ or __________.
cofactor, coenzyme
31
A sequence of enzyme-controlled reaction
metabolic pathway
32
A single enzyme (regulatory enzyme) controls the entire rate of the
metabolism pathway
33
Most metabolic reactions use
chemical energy
34
Chemical energy is held in the _____________ and is release when these bonds break
bonds between atoms of molecules
35
Cells burn _________ in a process/reaction called oxidation
glucose
36
Cells burn glucose in a process/reaction called
oxidation
37
Cells can only capture ____% of the energy released from breaking chemical bonds in cellular respiration to make ATP
40
38
An ATP molecule includes a chain of 3 phosphates, when the terminal phosphate is broken off the ATP molecule energy is released and the molecule is not called _______
ADP
39
ATP molecule includes a chain of ____________
3 phosphates
40
ADP can be converted back into ATP during the _________ process.
cellular respiration
41
What is the cellular respiration formula?
C6H12O6 + O2 ----> 36 ATP + CO2 + H2O + Heat
42
what are the factors on the left side of the equation called
reactants
43
what are the factors on the right side of the equation called
products
44
CO2, H2O, and Heat in cellular respiration
byproducts
45
which is waste product in cellular respiration
CO2
46
_______________ is how the body makes ATP from food and oxygen
cellular respiration
47
ATP stands for
adenosine triphophate
48
3 stages of cellular respiation
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
49
______________ only have 28 ATP
skeletal muscle cells, brain cells
50
other names for Krebs
citric acid cycle, TCA
51
where does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
52
is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic
anaerobic - does not require oxygen
53
what does glycolysis produce
2 pyruvate, 2 net gain ATP - 4 total, 2 NADH, electrons
54
what is the purpose of NADH
to carry electrons
55
"lysis" meaning
split
56
where does Krebs take place
mitochondrial matrix
57
is Krebs aerobic or anaerobic
aerobic
58
what does Krebs produce
2 ATP, 6 NADH, FADH2, carbon dioxide, citric acid, electrons
59
where does the ETC occur
mitochondria inner membrane
60
is ETC aerobic or anaerobic
aerobic
61
what does ETC produce
H2O, Heat, 26-34 ATP
62
WHY cellular respiration?
because cell's need energy!!!
63
when you run out of oxygen ________ occurs
fermentation
64
what step is CO2 made in
second step, KREBS
65
In science, what does fatigue mean?
does NOT work
66
what are the 2 pyruvate converted to?
acetyl coenzyme a (coa)
67
what process do cells lose electrons
oxidation
68
what process do cells gain electrons
reduction
69
ATP synthase is an _______, similar to a __________
enzyme, channel protein
70
Every cell, prokaryote eukaryote, has to make
ATP
71
___________ can still produce ATP, it's just not as efficient as cellular respiration
Fermentation
72
How much ATP can fermentation produce?
2
73
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHAT
chemical process that produces energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose
74
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHERE
takes place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
75
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHEN
happens continuously in cells, especially in the presence of oxygen
76
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: WHY
provides ENERGY
77
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HOW
through glycolysis, Krebs, and ETC
78
YOU ARE FINISHED!
YAY
79

Anatomy Honors (48 decks)

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