Endocrine System

Question 1

Hormones work on specific cells called _______________

Answer 1

target cells

Question 2

The glands of the endocrine system secrete chemical messengers called ___________

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

Hormones secreted by the endocrine gland travel directly to the blood stream and therefore are called ____________ glands

Answer 3

ductless

Question 4

Hormones relay signals by either attaching to a _____________ on the membrane of a target cell or by entering the cell’s ______________.

Answer 4

receptor, nucleus

Question 5

Activities affected by hormones:
a. ________________
b. ________________
c. _________________

Answer 5

tissue growth (cell division)
metabolism
reproduction

Question 6

The pituitary gland is basically controlled by the ____________

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

The hormone oxytocin released for the pituitary gland has what 2 functions:
a. ___________________________________
b. ___________________________________

Answer 7

uterus contraction during childbirth
milk production for nursing

Question 8

The hormone, also sent from pituitary gland that helps maintain water balance in the kidneys is called ______

Answer 8

ADH

Question 9

The pituitary gland is composed of _______ lobes, the anterior and posterior which secrete different kinds of hormones.

Answer 9

2

Question 10

The Human Growth Hormone target cells are primarily ____________ cells and ____________ cells.

Answer 10

bone, muscle

Question 11

The _______________of glucose provides our body with energy (ATP).

Answer 11

oxidation

Question 12

At rest, the body’s glucose and oxygen are delivered to your cells at a relatively low rate and that rate is called the ________________________.

Answer 12

basal metabolic rate

Question 13

Clusters of cells within the pancreas called Islets of Langerhans secrete the hormone __________ that takes glucose out of the blood and gives it to your cells.

Answer 13

insulin

Question 14

______________ decreases blood sugar

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

_______________ increases blood sugar

Answer 15

glucagon

Question 16

The pancreas also secretes glucagons. What is its function?

Answer 16

Glucagons stimulate the liver to make glucose to make it more available to the body’s cells.

Question 17

Adrenaline can also be called ___________________.

Answer 17

epinephrine

Question 18

List 4 effects of adrenaline on the body in times of stress:
a) ___________________________
b) ___________________________
c) ____________________________
d) ____________________________

Answer 18

stimulates liver to release more glucose into the body
reduces flow of blood to internal organs
increases heart rate
increases breathing rate

Question 19

The secretions of the adrenal gland are controlled by the ____________________

Answer 19

pituitary gland

Question 20

Normal body metabolism is controlled by the ____________________

Answer 20

thyroid gland

Question 21

The hormone thyroxin targets which cells of your body?

Answer 21

all of them!

Question 22

People who produce too much thyroxin have a condition called ________________, but people who do not produce enough thyrxoin have the condition known as _________________.

Answer 22

hyperthyroid, hypothyroid

Question 23

The hormones PTH and calcitonin produced by the parathyroid gland function to regulate calcium within the blood. Explain how each works to control calcium levels in the blood.

Answer 23

Parathyroid secretes PTH when calcium levels are high. Thyroid — calcitonin —- lowers blood calcium (osteoblast) —- build up
Parathyroid secretes less pTH when calcium levels are low. Parathyroid — PTH — raises blood calcium (osteoclasts)

Question 24

Endocrine glands that control reproduction in the male and female are the ___________ in the male and the ________ in the female.

Answer 24

testes, ovaries

Question 25

What 2 hormones are produced by the pituitary gland at higher levels during puberty to control sexual characteristics within the male and female?

Answer 25

a) LH b) FSH

Question 26

The primary sex hormone produced by the male is

Answer 26

testosterone

Question 27

The primary sex hormone produced by the female is

Answer 27

estrogen

Question 28

a system of the human body that includes a collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate growth, metabolism, and sexual development

Answer 28

endocrine system

Question 29

what glands are included in the endocrine system?

Answer 29

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thymus, pineal, hypothalamus

Question 30

Endocrine system is a system of the human body that includes a collection of ________ that produce and secrete ____________ directly into the bloodstream to regulate growth, metabolism, and sexual development

Answer 30

glands, hormones

Question 31

The endocrine system at with the _____________ system to coordinate the body's activities

Answer 31

nervous

Question 32

Both systems (endocrine and nervous) enable cells to communicate with other structures by using __________________ to relay messages.

Answer 32

chemical messengers

Question 33

Endocrine system use chemical messengers called

Answer 33

hormones

Question 34

Nervous system use chemical messengers called

Answer 34

neurotransmitters

Question 35

Reactions resulting from the endocrine system is _____________ than the nervous system b.c hormones travel through the blood and the speed of blood throughout the body is much slower than the transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 35

slower

Question 36

Endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into the ____________ and then the hormones travel to the appropriate tissues/organs and bind to a ______________ on the membrane of those structures.

Answer 36

bloodstream, receptor

Question 37

Exocrine glands have __________ and secrete their hormones/substances locally or to a body surface. (Sweat, sebaceous, salivary, and digestive glands)

Answer 37

ducts

Question 38

The ______________ gland is often called the MASTER GLAND because its secretions control other endocrine glands.

Answer 38

pituitary

Question 39

Brain ------ Body clock (melatonin), helps control onset of puberty

Answer 39

pineal gland

Question 40

Thoracic cavity ----- Production of W.B.C.'s (immunity)

Answer 40

thymus gland

Question 41

Pelvic cavity ----- production of testosterone and sperm

Answer 41

Testes

Question 42

Pelvic cavity ----- production of estrogen, progesterone, and ovym

Answer 42

ovaries

Question 43

Below larynx ----- controls body's metabolism, helps regulate calcium in blood and bone

Answer 43

parathyroid

Question 44

Posterior the stomach ----- controls blood sugar and aids digestion

Answer 44

pancreas

Question 45

on top of each kidney ----- stress adaptation, stabilizes blood sugar

Answer 45

adrenal gland

Question 46

Brain ----- stimulates growth, reproduction, and other glands

Answer 46

pituitary gland

Question 47

Brain ----- controls secretions of the pituitary gland and produces the hormones oxytocin and ADH

Answer 47

hypothalamus

Question 48

_____________ gland may control biorhythms in some animals and control the onset of puberty in humans

Answer 48

pineal

Question 49

______________ gland stimulates metabolic rate and is essential to normal growth and development

Answer 49

thyroid

Question 50

___________ gland stimulates growth and stimulates secretion of hormones from other glands

Answer 50

pituitary

Question 51

____________ in females stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, stimulates growth of sex organs at puberty, and prompts monthly preparation of uterus for pregnancy

Answer 51

ovaries

Question 52

______________ is the major area where the nervous and endocrine systems interact

Answer 52

hypthalamus

Question 53

___________ controls blood glucose levels and determines the fate of glycofen

Answer 53

pancreas

Question 54

___________ gland initiates stress responses, increases heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic rate, dilates blood vessels, mobilized fat and raises blood sugar levels

Answer 54

adrenal

Question 55

_______________ gland prompts production and maturation of white blood cells

Answer 55

thymus

Question 56

_________________ in males stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, stimulates growth spurt and puberty, stimulates spermatogenesis

Answer 56

testis

Question 57

_____________ gland increases blood calcium level, stimulates calcium reabsorption and activates Vitamin D

Answer 57

Parathyroid

Question 58

what hormones does this produce: pituitary gland

Answer 58

ACTH, FSH, TSH, LH, GH, ADH, PRL, Oxytocin, MSH

Question 59

what hormones does this produce: thyroid gland

Answer 59

Thyroxin, calcitonin

Question 60

what hormones does this produce: parathyroid gland

Answer 60

PTH

Question 61

what hormones does this produce: adrenal gland

Answer 61

adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone

Question 62

what hormones does this produce: pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)

Answer 62

insulin, glucagon

Question 63

what hormones does this produce: testis

Answer 63

testosterone

Question 64

what hormones does this produce: ovary

Answer 64

estrogen, progesteron

Question 65

raises the blood sugar level and increases the heartbeat and breathing rates

Answer 65

adrenaline

Question 66

causes glucose to be removed from the blood and stored

Answer 66

insulin

Question 67

influences the development of females secondary sex characteristics

Answer 67

estrogen

Question 68

promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Answer 68

glucagon

Question 69

controls the metabolism of calcium

Answer 69

PTH + Calcitonin

Question 70

promotes the reabsorption of sodium and potassium ions by the kidney

Answer 70

aldoesterone

Question 71

influences the development of male secondary sex characterisitcs

Answer 71

testosterone

Question 72

stimulates the elongation of the long bones of the body

Answer 72

growth hormone/GH

Question 73

stimulates the secretion of hormones by the cortex of the adrenal glands

Answer 73

ACTH

Question 74

regulates the rate of metabolism in the body

Answer 74

Thyroxin

Question 75

stimulates the development of eggs in the female's ovary

Answer 75

FSH

Question 76

involved in the regulation of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

Answer 76

coritsol

Question 77

stimulates the production of thyroxin

Answer 77

TSH