Child Development: hearing, voice, mental and learning Flashcards
Hearing + voice development, mental development and the learning process (25 cards)
Can a newborn baby hear well?
Yes, but takes a year to localise any sound with accuracy
Why does learning speech take longer (baby/toddler)
Because it means making sounds and then monitoring and modifying them to imitate heard spoken words
For babies/toddlers: making sounds involves…
Co-ordinating motor nerves operating larynx, vocal cords, pharynx, soft palate, tongue, and lips
Monitoring speech involves:
Feedback to the brain from speech muscles and the ears
At what age is learning speech difficult?
After the age o 3 (deaf children need help early on)
Hearing and voice: 6 months
Chuckles and squeals playfully
Hearing and voice: 1 year
Hands an adult an object when asked
Hearing and voice: 18 months
Says 6-20 words but knows many more
Hearing and voice: 2 years
Enjoys listening to favourite stories
Hearing and voice: 3 years
When asked, starts assembling a doll’s house
Hearing and voice: 4 years
Can say or sing some nursery rhymes
Hearing and voice: 5 years
Enacts stories with friends
Hearing and voice: 6 years
Can say how one object resembles a similar object
Hearing and voice: 7 years
Says how 3 objects differ from a broadly similar object
What did Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget think about intellectual development?
He thought it passed through stages involving interacting cognitive and emotional factors
Stages of mental development: #1 Sensorimotor stage (0-2)
Largely non - verbal. Children learn partly by handling objects but start symbolising with words and gestures
Stages of mental development: #2 Pre-operational stage (2-7)
Children manipulate words, and learn by experience, intuition, and trial and error.
e.g., a child might say that a tall narrow container holds more water than the short broad container, although the child saw equal amounts of water poured into both
Stages of mental development: **#3 Concrete -operational stage (7-12)
Children begin classifying objects by difference and similarity
Stages of mental development: #4 Formal operations (12 onward)
Children use thought to deal with hypothetical matters
Cognition
Knowing
Some psychologists reject the idea of cognition and instead think about learning as:
They think learning at any age is based on mental habits forged by a sequence of stimulus, response and reward
If learning is based on mental habits etc., the stimulus of a puzzle makes a child respond by trying to solve it; what is the reward
The pleasure of solving the puzzle is the reward. The child mentally links effort with reward, so solves the puzzle faster next time round. However, insight also improves with age
The learning process e.g., solving a puzzle: 2 years old
A child tries fitting a block into a hole in a formboard puzzle without taking into account of the shapes of the block and the hole
The learning process e.g., solving a puzzle: 2 and a half years old
The child tries another hole if the block does not fit in the first hole tried
