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chp 18 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Right and Left atrium are superior to

A

right and left ventricle

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2
Q

atriums on the heart are what to ventricles on the heart

A

superior

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3
Q

how many chambers of the heart are there

A

4

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4
Q

doors on the chambers are called

A

valves

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5
Q

what cavity does your heart lie in

A

thoracic
mediastinum
pericardial cavity

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6
Q

tough fiburous covering over the heart

A

pericardium

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7
Q

what is the space between the pericardium and heart

A

pericardial space or cavity

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8
Q

internal layer on the heart for protection

A

epicardium

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9
Q

inside the heart covering the internal walls of atrium and ventricles

A

endocardium

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10
Q

myocardium

A

muscle contracts the heart

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11
Q

the sac containing the heart

A

pericardium

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12
Q

outer
middle
inner
layers of the heart

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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13
Q

inflammation of the pericardium due to fluid or anything else that would fill that space

A

pericarditis

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14
Q

a build up of pericardial fluid or internal bleeding that fills up the pericardial cavity

A

cardiac tamponade

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15
Q

cardiac tamponade may result in

A

cardiac failure

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16
Q

where does the heart lie in relation to the sternum

A

posterior to it

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17
Q

sturdy fiborous connective tissue that holds the heart in place and reduces friction

A

pericardium

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18
Q

visceral layer of the pericardium

A

epi
myo
endo

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19
Q

what is the heart there for

A

circulating blood

delivering oxygen

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20
Q

two main places the heart goes to

A

the lungs

the rest of the body

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21
Q

lungs are what

and rest of body is what in regards to the body

A

pulmonary

systemic

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22
Q

any vessel that goes away from the heart is an

A

artery

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23
Q

any vessel that goes back to the heart

A

veins

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24
Q

what is the central unit

A

the heart

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25
three main vessels that come back to the heart
veins 1) superior vena cava (everything draining from above the heart. ex head) 2) inferior vena cava (anything below the heart, bigger) 3) coronary sinus (pumps to the myocardium)
26
does the myocardium of the heart need oxygen to survive
yes, coronary sinus coming back to the heart
27
what do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus all have in common and what route do they take
the are all deoxygenated, drain back into the heart through the right atrium,
28
pulmonary trunk is what kind of vessel
artery
29
veins go | arteries go
back | away
30
pathway of deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood
-right atrium to -tricuspid valve to -right ventricle to -pulmonary semilunar valve to -pulmonary trunk to -right and left pulmonary artery. O2 in lungs to -pulmonary veins to -left atrium to -bicuspid valve to -left ventricle to -aortic semilunar valve -Aorta to -rest of body -O2 to the heart
31
the left side of the heart is responsible for taking blood to
the rest of the body
32
the right side of heart is responsible for taking blood to
the lungs
33
highest pressurized vessel leaving the heart
aorta
34
which side of the heart needs more pressure
left
35
exit valves are always
semi lunar pulmonary semilunar valve aortic semilunar valve
36
internal valves are always your cusps
cusps tricuspid bicuspid
37
what is the thickest myocardium in the whole heart
left ventricle
38
what has its own blood supply in the heart
myocardium
39
collateral circulation
duplication of supply routes and anastomoses (crossedlinked connections)
40
coronary vessels
do nothing but supply the heart itself
41
branches of vessels covering the heart
anastomoses
42
arteries first branch off where
the aorta
43
blood moves more easily in the myocardium when
its relaxed between beats (diastole)
44
widow maker
anterior interventricular artery, because if you have a blockage there you're not coming back
45
what arteries do the branching (anastamoses) on the myocardium of the heart
coronary arteries
46
classic chest pain due to myocardial ischemia (oxygen starvation of the tissues)
angina pectoris
47
myocardial ischemia
(oxygen starvation of the tissues) can be silent and pain will be referred to arms or back
48
what is a heart attack known as
myocardial infarction
49
infarct means
blockage and anything distal of that blockage dies
50
function to prevent backflow of blood into the heart
valves
51
open and close in response to changes in pressure
valves
52
four key valves
tri and bi cuspid | semi lunar valves
53
close the entry points to atria
valves
54
chest pain
angina
55
heart attack
myocardial
56
the heart supplying itself is called
perfusion
57
bypass surgery is called
angioplasty
58
anything that attaches itself to a free radical
antioxidant
59
restablishing blood flow may damage tissue is called
reperfusion damage
60
vitamins ACE do what
antioxidants
61
valve structure has dense connective tissue covered by
endocardium
62
AV valves
chordae tendineae- thin fibrous cords connect valves to papillary muscle connect valves to papillary muscles
63
most common place for regurgitation of a valve is
a (mitral) bicuspid valve
64
what side is the bicuspid (mitral) valve on
left side
65
murmurs happen
mitral valve (bicuspid)
66
tricuspid valve is on what side
right side
67
semilunar valves are your
exit valves
68
what valve goes to the lungs
your pulmonary lunar valve
69
what valve goes to the rest of the body
aortic semi lunar valve
70
the arteries that exit the heart to prevent back flow of blood to the ventricles
semilunar valves
71
an incompetent valve
does not close completely
72
harden valve that does not open correctly
stenosis

Bio 2 (20 decks)

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