Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 2 > Chp 25 recording > Flashcards

Chp 25 recording Flashcards

1
Q

three phases of digestion

A

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when the chyme moves out of the stomach into the duodenum we have three inhibiting enzymes responsible for turning off the cephalic and gastric phase. What phase starts and what are the inhibiting enzymes?

A

Cholecystokinin
Gastric inhibitory Peptide
Secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do these enzymes do Cholecystokinin
Gastric inhibitory Peptide
Secretin

A

inhibit the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion causing you to not want to eat anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hormones that inhibit gastric secretion

A

enterogastrone secretion
Cholecystokinin
Gastric inhibitory Peptide
Secretin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Our parasympathetic nervous system activating the absorbtion and breaking down of nutrients

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what hormone causes us to not want to eat once its released in the duodenum

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

enterogastrones

A

Cholecystokinin

Gastric inhibitory Peptide

Secretin

vasoactive intestinal peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is the pancreas more alkaline or acidic

A

alkaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where is amylase found in the body

A

mouth and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what buffers acidic gastric juices stops pepsin activity and creates a proper alkaline

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is a pancreas important

A

because it emulsifies and breaks down all of our fatty acid, and our amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the liver work

A

collects blood with broken down nutrients from the digestives system and then goes back into the venous system… filters and recirculates blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what brings deoxygenated blood to the liver

A

the hepatic portal vein, going through the sinusoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do the sinusoids from the liver lead to

A

the central vein, hepatic vein then drains into the inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what brings oxygenated blood to the liver

A

hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix in the liver

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does the blood from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery mix

A

in the sinusoids in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where do the contents of your stomach and duodenum go into

A

the hepatic portal vein into the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what supplies the liver with RBC

A

hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is the hepatic portal vein from the circulatory system

A

no, its from the digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where do all the nutrients, toxins from the stomach/ intestines go? As well as all of our hormones from the pancreas? AND breakdown products of RBC from the spleen

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what creates bile

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what stores bile

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the best emulsifier of fats

A

bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
is bile basic or acidic
basic
26
by product of bile
billy rubin
27
what happens when you have an excess of billy rubin
jaundice
28
what us glycogenisis
insulin release
29
glycogenolysis
when we are breaking down the stored form of sugar, glucogon
30
if you aren't consuming sugar what occurs in your body
gluconeogenesis | The creation of glucagon from our stored form of it fat and protein
31
what does the lipid metabolism do in the liver
stores, and synthesizes triglycerides and cholesterol
32
what happens when the liver metabolizes protein
it deaminates amino acids by removing amino groups (nitrogen) from the amino acids
33
what is anything with nitrogen considered
an amino group
34
where does ammonia come from
the metabolism of protiens in the liver
35
what does uria start as
a by product of the liver metabolizing protien into amonia
36
where is vitamin D activated
The Liver
37
inflammation of the liver is known as
hepatitis
38
Hardened liver is known as
cirrhosis
39
what are the last portions of the small intestine
jejunum and ileum
40
movement of food in the small intestine is called
segmentation
41
which organ in the alamentary canal do we have oblique muscular fibers
stomach
42
in the digestive tract what muscular fibers are found except for in the stomach
circular and longitudinal
43
segmentation is what
movement of food in the small intestine
44
segmentation is controlled by what nervous system
autonomic parasympathetic
45
where does absorption start
small intestine
46
where does 90% of absorption take place
small intestine
47
what does the small intestine absorb
``` electrolytes Na+ K+ Fe Ca2 ``` Vitamins ABCDE-K
48
only fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
49
What is ADEK transported by
lipids
50
what are all our cells membranes made up of
phosolipids
51
what vitamins can be toxic to the liver
ADEK
52
how much water does your small intestine absorb every day
9.3 L 2 from ingestion 7 from secretions
53
how much water does the small intestine reabsorb
8.3 liters
54
glycolysis is
break down of glucose as glycogen
55
three major steps of converting everything we eat into energy
1) glycolysis 2) Kreb cycle (citric acid) 3) electron transport chain
56
during glycolysis what does glucose turn into (end product) and what happens to the carbons
end product 2 pyruvate 6 carbons to 3 carbons
57
what does pyruvate turn into
the acids
58
where does glycolysis occur
cytoplasm of the cell
59
what is the net from 6 carbon splitting into 3 carbon
2 ATP
60
acetylCOA splits into what acids
``` Can- Citric I- Isocitrate Keep- ketoglutarate Selling- Succinyl COA Shells- succinate For- fumarate Money- malate Officer- oxaloacetate ```
61
net ATP in kreb cycle
36
62
forms of energy in the kreb cycle
NADH FADH ATP
63
what act as proton pumps in the kreb cycle
Hydrogens on | NADH and FADH
64
What is step three of kreb cycle
electron transport chain
65
where does the electron transport chain take place
membrane of the mitochondria
66
where does glycolysis happen
in the cytoplasm
67
glycolysis gives us how many atp
2
68
where is the kreb cycle happening
cristae of the mitochondria
69
totals of NADH and FADH at the end of the kreb cycle
6NADH | 2FADH
70
at the end of the Electron transport chain how many atps do we have
32
71
total atp in all three steps
36
72
1) ATP 2) ATP- NADH/FADH 3) ATP total
1) 2 ATP 2) 2 ATP 6NADH/2FADH 3) 32 ATP Total 36
73
One glucose molecule can give you how much ATP after all the stages of cellular respiration
36ATP
74
glycolysis gives how much atp
2
75
three steps of cellular respiration
1) glycolysis 2) Krebs 3) Electron transport chain
76
during metabolism cells produce?
waste CO2, H2O Heat
77
what must happen to all waste
it must be eliminated | or kept at low concentrations
78
where are kidneys located
retroperitoneal -behind the sac of all of our digestive organs Starts at T-12 Right side is lower than the other
79
what does protein breakdown leave
nitrogenous wastes
80
where is your left kidney in relation to your right
superior
81
enflamed kidney or active kidney infection is also known as
Murphy's punch
82
two tubes coming off of the kidneys
ureters
83
tube going to the outside of the body
urethra
84
when does gluconeogenisis occur
during fasting or starvation
85
what should be found in urine
electrolytes
86
smallest functional unit of kidney
nephron
87
functions of the urinary system
- maintain our electrolyte balance - filtering out toxins - regulating blood ph
88
what two organs helps create vitamin D
liver | kidneys
89
what is the only organ that has the ability to secrete erythropoietin
kidneys
90
erythropoietin helos
maintain RBC
91
what organ performs gluconeogenisis when
kidneys | during fasting or starvation
92
by product of gluconeogenis
key tone bodies break down protein-converting it to sugar
93
kidneys | during fasting or starvation produce
gluconeogenisis
94
what helps create our urine
kidneys
95
where does ammonia come from and what does it do
urea | break down of proteins
96
what breaks down proteins in urea
ammonia
97
three processes happening in the nephron
1) filtration 2) reabsorption 3) secretion
98
helps synthesize calcitrol (vitamin d)
kidneys
99
deaminates certain amino acids to eliminate ammonia
kidneys
100
first part of kidney that recieves blood flow to filter
glomerulus
101
when the kidneys are reabsorbing where does it eventually go
back into the tissues
102
what is the nephron made up of
renal corpuscle | renal tubule
103
what is inside the renal corpuscle
glomerulus
104
where are nephrons located in the kidney
cortex
105
where is the urine carried in the kidney
through the nephrons to the collecting duct system in the medulla
106
where is urine collected in the kidney
papillae
107
what are the two types of nephrons that we have
corticol and juxtamedullary
108
two arterioles afferent and efferent are found where in the kidney
glomerulus
109
why is the glomerulus a pressurized area
the size of the afferent arteriole versus the efferent | afferent is larger
110
cap housing the glomerulus
renal corpuscle
111
site of plasma filtration
nephron
112
renal corpuscle has 2 components
glomerulus | glomerular capsule
113
as blood flows through the capillary tuft what happens
filtration occurs
114
large proteins and formed elements in the blood do not cross here
capillary tuft
115
where does fluid pass through after it leaves the glomerulus capsule
1) renal tubule of nephron 2) Proximal convoluted tubule 3) descending limb 4) loop of henle 5) distal convoluted tubule 6) collecting duct
116
at what point in the nephron is absoprtion completed
collecting duct
117
what are connected to collecting ducts
nephrons
118
what comes from the collecting ducts and goes where
secretion from the nephrons and goes to the calyx
119
two different nephrons are
juxtamedullary that extends all the way into the medulla or the corticol nephrons much smaller
120
why juxtamedullary nephron important
because it helps regulate blood pressure
121
where are podocytes found
on the outside of the tissue of the glomerulus
122
how does the glomerular filter
from inside to outside
123
what three components make up glomerular filtration
1) endothelium of glomerulus | 3) filtration slits in podocytes
124
single layer of capillary endothelium with fenestration's found on the glomerulus
endothelium of glomerulus
125
prevents RBC passage; WBC use diapedesis to get out in the glomerulus
endothelium of glomerulus
126
specialized epithelium of visceral layer found in glomerulus
podocytes
127
footlike extension with filtration sits between extensions
podocytes
128
what you dont want in your blood
glucose protein erythroucytes
129
where vessels enter on the kidney
hilus
130
capillaries of the kidneys are known as
vasa recta
131
capillaries found around the cortical nephrons
peritubular
132
long networks from the efferent arteriole around the loop of nephrons
vasa recta

Bio 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions