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Bio 2 > Chp 21 Class Recording > Flashcards

Chp 21 Class Recording Flashcards

1
Q

Is vasoconstriction or vasodilation occurring during inflammation

A

vasodilation

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2
Q

luekocyte where a majority of the cell is the nucleus

A

lymphocyte

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3
Q

what causes vasodilation

A

basophils release histamine, promoting inflammation and also has the ability to vasodialate in the area due to other protein markers called chynins prostaglandins and luekotrians

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4
Q

chynins prostaglandins and luekotrians cause

A

inflammation

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5
Q

causes permeability of blood vessel to increase so WBC can get into the surrounding tissues

A

vasodilation

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6
Q

Why does a bee sting swell up so bad

A

to create a barrier through vasodilation so it doesn’t spread to the rest of the circulatory system

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7
Q

swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body’s tissues.

A

edema

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8
Q

antimicrobial proteins are a part of what immune system

A

innate

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9
Q

are your antibodies

A

b cells

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10
Q

are your soilders that come from the thymus

A

t cells

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11
Q

t cells and b cells are on what side

A

acquired

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12
Q

second line of defense

A

innate

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13
Q

attack the microorganism/ pathogens directly

A

antimicrobial protein

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14
Q

the most important antimicrobials we have all go through

A

a different mechanism of how they do that fight

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15
Q

examples of different ways antimicrobials fight

A

interferons

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16
Q

a blocker that does not allow the virus to reproduce

A

interferon

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17
Q

a totally foreign material with no DNA to reproduce

A

virus

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18
Q

what does a virus need to reproduce

A

your dna

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19
Q

what virus does your cell not even recognize that its there

A

HIV

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20
Q

how do interferons works

A

when a virus enters the cell, instead of a new virus being able to reproduce it says my interferon genes turn on in that cells and within that DNA that virus is going to use i also have interferon molecules produced so the virus takes those blockers with it. Then he virus can’t exit the cell due to the blockers and then the cell dies.

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21
Q

blocks viral reproduction

A

interferon

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22
Q

c blocker

A

interferon

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23
Q

an alpha interferon is created

A

in a lab

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24
Q

part of the medication for hepatitis c and herpes

A

alpha interferon

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25
what does an interferon do
blocks reproduction
26
interferon is useless for
bacteria
27
proteins that have iron in them that bind to iron free floating in our plasma.
transferons
28
what uses our own iron to reproduce
bacteria
29
When we bind to iron we
inhibit bacterial growth
30
if we have transferons in our blood what does that mean
that it will be harder for bacteria to attach and reproduce
31
how many plasma proteins are there floating around in our bodies at all times as inactive elements
20
32
complement system enhances
every single part of your immune system. Both sides
33
complement system is designed to
kill all kinds of bacteria and other microbial, or parasites
34
Interferons deal with
viruses
35
what does chemotaxis mean
poison rods
36
what stimulates chemotaxis in all your luekocytes and enhances everything
complement system
37
killing with poisonn is done by
chemotaxis
38
in the complement system there are what pathways
classical and alternate
39
the key to the ignition is your
c1- compliment 1
40
P, B and D factors that can get a fight started a part of which pathway
alternate
41
C1 is a part of which pathway
classical
42
enzyme cascade is made up of
P, B and D factors
43
C1, C2 and C4 come together to make
C3
44
goes through a series of events and turns into MAC (membrane attack complex)
C3
45
when C3 turns into MAC what happens
the cell dies and so does C3, but the bacteria doesn't spread
46
classic pathway takes C1 C2 and C4 and
converts it in to C3
47
compliment that goes through a series of events to create more compliments that come together creating your Membrane Attack Complex
C3
48
MAC does what
inserts holes in the membrane causing it to collapse
49
what things does C3 do at the same time creating MAC
opsonization
50
C3 sugarcoating all the bacteria is called
opsonization
51
why does opsonization occur
so phagocytes come in and want to eat them
52
what happens immediately after you start the compliment system
inflammation, histamine, thymins, phostaglandins... all going to be affected because there is an active fight
53
when are these not a good thing inflammation, histamine, thymins, phostaglandins...
if they are at a rate where our body cannot keep up
54
Lowered immune system means.... what for the body
it takes it longer to heal
55
alternative pathway is what letters
PBD
56
ingest, process and display the antigen on their cell surfaces
macrophages
57
macrophages that present antigen fragments on their cells are called
antigen presenting cells
58
forgein material is called
pathogen
59
pathogen enters the body, free floating macrophages do what
ingest the pathogen
60
where are free floating macrophages found
in our circulatory system and tissues
61
once the macrophage ingests the pathogen what does it do
the macrophage displays fragments of the pathogens protein
62
when a macrophage displays fragments of the pathogens protein what is it called
an antigen presenting cell
63
what is an antigen presenting cell
a macrophage that displays fragments of a pathogens protein
64
what does your APC - antigen presenting cell triggers
the entire adaptive or acquired immune response
65
what triggers an immune response
a pathogen entering the body
66
what is an antigen presenting macrophage interacts with what
t4 helper cell that can recognize the same antigen during the interact the macrophage releases a chemical alarm signal
67
simple definition of an antigen
an ID marker
68
the only immune cell that we have to recognize an antigen and read it is
Cytotoxic or T cells
69
another name for T cells is
cytotoxic
70
only cells that we have that are reading and killing
cytotoxic
71
What reads the antigen on the APC and sends the alarm (Interluken)
the T4 helper cell
72
causes the proliferation of certain cytotoxic T cells
interluekon, being released by T4 helper cell
73
causes the proliferation of certain cytotoxic T cells
interluekon, being released by T4 helper cell
74
fighter cells are
cytotoxic
75
blood, plasma, antibodies are....
B cells
76
normal cells of the body can also....
ingest the pathogens and display antigens on their cells surfaces
77
killing by chemicals is
chemotaxis
78
how is the pathogen destroyed
through chemotaxis
79
an immune response is not produced when
a cell already has an antigens placed on it.
80
the whole purpose of "the fight" is to
produce antibodies
81
released directly into the blood stream
humoral
82
where are bcells secreted
blood stream, where they produce antibodies
83
whole purpose of an antibody
is to attach to an antigen so we don't have an immune response
84
made of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
antibody
85
why are antibodies different for every single virus
because each cell only makes one specific type of antibody
86
what produce antibodies
b cells
87
who alerts the body first about pathogens
macrophages
88
CD4 and T4 cells
read and send off the interluken to alert T8 cells (soldiers, cytotoxic)
89
why is anaphylactic shock so serious
cuts off airway and ends up shutting down organs, body thinks that it cannot create an antigen for it

Bio 2 (20 decks)

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