Chp 21 PP Flashcards
1
Q
What defense system is a surface barrier
A
innate (nonspecific)
2
Q
What defense system causes inflammation using antimicrobials proteins phagocytes and other cells
A
innate defenses
3
Q
What defense system uses T cells and B cells
A
adaptive (specific)
defenses
4
Q
which defense is specific and which is nonspecific
A
adaptive is specific and innate is nonspecific.
5
Q
What cells are humoral immunity and which are cellular?
A
B cells are humoral and T cells are cellular
6
Q
What defense system causes fever
A
innate (nonspecific) defenses
7
Q
which immune system is the first and second line of defense
A
innate
8
Q
which immune system is acquired
A
adaptive
9
Q
what are foreign materials in the immune system called
A
pathogens
10
Q
what us considered a fever in a neonat
A
100 degrees or up
11
Q
which immune system are involved when there are antigens or antibodies are involved?
A
adaptive
12
Q
what is the first line of defense?
A
mechanical and chemical protection through the skin and mucosal membranes
13
Q
what is the second line of defense?
A
internal nonspecific defenses... phagocytes, Natural Killer cells (NK lymphocytes), Inflammation, Antimicrobial, proteins, Fever.
14
Q
is a seizure associated with a high body temperature but without any serious underlying health issue. They most commonly occur in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years.
A
febrile seizure
15
Q
a substance, typically produced by a bacterium, that produces fever when introduced or released into the blood
A
pyrogens
16
Q
what cells are involved in the second line of defense always looking for growth or an abnormal growth
A
Natural Killer cells (NK lymphocytes)
17
Q
anything know to cause cancer… abnormal cell growth, displasia (cells changing shape) is called?
A
carcinogen
18
Q
abnormal amount of white blood cell growth is called
A
leukemia
19
Q
five signs of inflammation
A
swelling, pain, redness, loss of function, and heat
20
Q
is vasodilation or vasoconstriction involved in immune system
A
vasodilation
21
Q
have the ability to increase an inflammatory response
A
(NK lymphocytes = Null Killer lymphocytes)
22
Q
what’s causing that vasodilation
A
histamine, promotes inflammation
23
Q
Histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, complement mean
A
inflammation
24
Q
what blocks viral reproduction
A
interferons
25
filter/trap foreign particles
lymph nodes
26
store b and t cells
lymph nodes
27
stores blood cells
spleen
28
removes anti body coated cells
spleen
29
traps bacteria/ antigens
adenoids
30
what are adenoids
tonsils
31
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
antigen
32
B lymphocytes mature here
bone marrow
33
its stem cells make blood cells
bone marrow
34
produce and educated t lymphocytes
thymus
35
you are born with this ability
non specific innate immunity
36
immunity that treats all pathogens the same
innate- non specific immunity
37
what is the first line of defense
non specific innate immunity
38
where are non specific innate immunity found
external organs
39
what line of immunity is skin an example of
non specific innate immunity
40
what line of immunity is mucous membrane an example of
non specific innate immunity
41
what line of immunity is cilia an example of
non specific innate immunity
42
what line of immunity is mucus an example of
non specific innate immunity
43
what line of immunity is sebaceous oil glands an example of
non specific innate immunity
44
what line of immunity is sweat glands an example of
non specific innate immunity
45
flat with tight junctions protective barrier
skin
46
epithelial tissues;
skin
47
mucous; mouth, nose, anus openings
MUCOUS MEMBRANES-
48
line respiratory tract to sweep out invaders
cilia
49
traps invaders
mucus
50
SEBUM trap dust/particles
SEBACEOUS (OIL) GLANDS
51
where does sebum come from
SEBACEOUS (OIL) GLANDS
52
acidity is a natural
antibacterial
53
enzyme in SALIVA/TEARS that digests bacterial cell walls
lysozome
54
in stomach (pH 2) kills most germs in food
hydrocholic acid
55
what antibacterials do sweat glands produce
hydrocholic acid
| lysozome
56
the second line of defense occurs where
internally
57
WBC’s also known as
LEUKOCYTES (PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
58
engulf & digest invading bacteria
| also destroy any damaged cells/tissues
LEUKOCYTES (PHAGOCYTIC CELLS) =
59
damaged WBC/tissue=
Pus
60
LEUKOCYTES (PHAGOCYTIC CELLS) are what line of defense
second line of defense in NON SPECIFIC INNATE IMMUNITY
61
ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS are what line of defense
second line of defense in NON SPECIFIC INNATE IMMUNITY
62
INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE is a part of what defense
second line of defense in NON SPECIFIC INNATE IMMUNITY
63
skin, mucus, cilia, and secretions are a part of what defense
1. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE NON SPECIFIC INNATE IMMUNITY-
64
luekocytes are made up of
neutrophils
macrophils
eosinophils
dnetrictic
65
60-70% major eaters
neutrophils
66
BIG phagocytic cells
macrophages
67
increase with infection by multicellular parasites; too big to eat;
attach and release chemicals to kill parasites
EOSINOPHILS
68
have lots of long finger like projections.
dentritic cells
69
stimulate ACQUIRED IMMUNITY (B & T cells)
dentritic
70
a part of the complement system
antimicrobial proteins
71
interferons are
antimicrobial proteins
72
made up of lyse cells;
COMPLEMENT PROTEINS-
73
what trigger INFLAMMATION (red, swelling, fever, pain)
COMPLEMENT PROTEINS-
74
responds to viral infections;
INTERFERON
75
quarantines/protects nearby healthy cells from getting infected;
interferon
76
activates macrophages to come and eat infected cells
interferon
77
(Heat; swollen; fever; red; pain)
Due to increased blood flow to area to bring more immune cells;
response to chemicals in damaged area
Inflammatory response
78
what are two inflammatory responses
histamine
| chemokines
79
released by MAST CELLS;
histamine
80
dilates BV’s make them more leaky;
| brings more blood to infected area; plasma leaks into tissues
histamine
81
chemical signals call up macrophages
chemokines
82
viruses & cancer cells not for bacteria
| TRIGGER APOPTOSIS-
NATURAL KILLER CELLS (NKC)
83
cell death in infected cells (lysis)
APOPTOSIS
84
NATURAL KILLER CELLS (NKC) are what line of defense
SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE – INTERNAL inside of non specific innate immunity
85
what immunity gains ability over time
SPECIFIC ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
86
what line of defense is specific acquired immunity
third
87
what line of defense is internal
second
88
what line of defense is external
first
89
humoral immune response is what line of defense
third line of defense in specific acquired immunity
90
cell mediated immune response is what
third line of defense in specific acquired immunity
91
```
important in BACTERIAL infections
B LYMPHOCYTES (B cells) make ANTIBODIES IMMUNOGLOBULINS (proteins).
Antibodies weaken pathogens and mark for phagocytic cells to “eat”, is what response
```
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE (PLASMA CELLS)
92
important in VIRUSES, CANCER, TRANSPLANTS
• Uses T LYMPHOCYTES (T cells)
• Made in bone marrow; become T cells in thymus. Is what immune response?
2. CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
93
recognize protein antigens on surface of virus infected cells; release chemicals
1. CYTOTOXIC (KILLER) T CELLS
94
cytotoxic are what
a cell mediated immune response
95
perforins and granzymes are what
CYTOTOXIC (KILLER) T CELLS
96
make holes in infected cells; water rushes in ;cells burst
perforins
97
enzymes that cut up infected host cell DNA
granzymes
98
activate B cells and Killer T cells
helper t cells
99
maintain immune system homeostasis; tolerance to self-antigens
supressor cells
100
ANTIBODIES - body makes millions of different
antibodies
101
• each cell only makes one specific type of
antibody
102
when antigen is recognized; cell
reproduces rapidly in make more antibodies
103
* made of 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains-
* all similar except for ends of Y where antigen attaches
* antigen specific- fit like lock and key
• released into blood by B Cells;
anti body
104
Circulate in blood
| Activated by antibodies binding to ANTIGENS
COMPLEMENT PROTEINS
105
COMPLEMENT PROTEINS can take what 2 pathways
classical and alternativeq
106
is the key to more cascade of complement conversion
C3b COMPLEMENT PROTEINS
107
sugar coating bacteria
OPSONIZATION
108
OPSONIZATION is what
a COMPLEMENT PROTEIN
109
Punch holes in cell walls of bacteria so they leak and die
(MAC-MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX)
110
created by exposure of B and T cells to antigens
memory cells
111
“Remembering” the antigen increases what
speed of response if exposed again
112
swelling & shortness of breath lead to shut down of body systems
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
113
what immunity makes its own antibodies and is longer lasting
active immunity
114
what immunity makes antibodies, come from another source
| don’t last forever
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
115
what are examples of natural active immunity
exposed to pathogens
create own immune response
produce own antibodies
116
what are examples of natural passive immunity
Mother passes antibodies to fetus
| via placenta OR breast milk
117
what are examples of artificial active immunity
VACCINES/IMMUNIZATIONS
increase immunity by exposure to
weakened/killed antigen
memory cells remember
118
what are examples of artificial passive immunity
snake bite produces immune response/shock
Anti-venom made by injecting animals with venom
Animals (horses) make antibodies to venom
119
1st exposure-makes
Ig E antibodies
120
1st exposure-makes Ig E antibodies
| Stick to mast cells which make
allergy inducing chemicals (HISTAMINE)
121
2nd exposure- antigen attaches
to IgE
122
2nd exposure- antigen attaches to IgE-mast cells causing them to
to release HISTAMINE
123
how to treat
1st exposure-makes Ig E antibodies
Stick to mast cells which make allergy inducing chemicals (HISTAMINE)
2nd exposure- antigen attaches to IgE-mast cells causing them to release HISTAMINE
Treat with ADRENALINE/EPINEPHRINE
