CIE Flashcards
(77 cards)
- Healthcare facilities providing a wide range of
laboratory procedures which aid the physicians in carrying out the diagnosis, treatment, and
management of patients.
Clinical Laboratory
3 Phases of Laboratory Testing
- Pre-pre-analytical - patient and client interaction
- Pre-analytical - medtech
- Analytical
- Post-analytical
- Post-post-analytical - client and result
Process or procedure that is performed by the
combined activities of Medical technologist and
machine
Semi-automation
First automated analyzer using a flow technique
called continuous flow analysis (CFA)
Autoanalyzer I
Autoanalyzer I inventor
Leonard Skeggs, PhD
It is an instrument or set of instruments that
standardize workflow in a clinical laboratory by
accepting, processing, and resulting specimens
Machine Automation
A continuous flow analysis tests multiple samples at one time, while a sequential analysis tests one sample at a time and are resulted in the order they are tested.
Autoanalyzer
Uses instruments that only work with other pieces of equipment that
are manufactured by the same company
Closed
automation
Uses instruments that exist independently of each other and can interface with other pieces of equipment from different manufacturers.
Open automation
Each sample is analyzed in an individualized reaction chamber
where reagents are added separately
Discrete analysis
A dedicated channel is used for each
single test.
Single-channel
analysis
Several analyses are done at one
time using two or more channels for
the test.
Multiple-channel
analysis
Specimens are tested in or out of the order they are received based
on when required channels are available
Random access
analysis
Completes tests where there is a fixed time for the reaction to be finished (end-point test) ,or completes a continuous monitored
test where several data results are collected at specific time intervals.
Assays
3 Basic approaches with Instrument
- Continuous flow
- Centrifugal analysis
- Discrete analysis
- A sample is injected into a flowing carrier solution
passing rapidly through small-bore tubing. - The sample is mixed with a reagent, which reacts with
the sample to develop a color and determine the
sample concentration.
Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA)
- It uses the force generated by centrifugation to
transfer and then contain liquids in separate cuvettes
for measurement at the perimeter of a spinning rotor. - Most capable of running multiple samples, one test at
a time, in a batch.
Centrifugal Analysis
Centrifugal Analysis major advantage
Batch analysis
- Each specimen in a batch — separate from every other specimen.
- Keep sample separate throughout the testing process, dispensing precise amounts when required.
Discrete Analysis
Rotating individual cuvettes through the instrument instead of releasing the sample in a continuous stream cuts down on reagent waste and can produce hundreds of results per h.
Discrete Analysis
Discrete Analysis e are high throughput machines that can analyze up to ___ samples in one go for single or multiple testing
75
- Transfers via the robotic arm, the sample and
reagents direct to the cuvette where the optical
density will be read. - Benefits:
o Disposable, single use reaction cuvettes, no
clean-up of cuvettes
o Cheaper instrument purchase price
Direct reading Discrete Analyzer
- Initially transfers the sample and reagents to an intermediate reaction cuvette where the color
development progress’. - Once the sample color has saturated, optical density plateaus in the reaction cuvette, it is pumped through a common flow-through cell, used for all samples
where the optical density is measured.
Indirect reading Discrete Analyzer
platforms brought electronic data management to the
laboratory to manage the workflow and electronic
interfaces to the instruments.
LIS/LMS
