HISTO RESPI

Question 1

consists of the nasal
cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi (Gr. bronchos,
windpipe), bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

Answer 1

conducting portion

Question 2

where the system’s main function of gas exchange occurs, consisting of respiratory
bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.

Answer 2

respiratory portion,

Question 3

the cellular sites of the exchange of O2
and CO2
between inspired air and blood, are small, air-filled, saclike
structures, which make up most of the lung structure.

Answer 3

Alveoli

Question 4

The left and right nasal cavities each have two components: ________________________

Answer 4

the external, dilated vestibule and the internal nasal cavity

Question 5

What are the hairs in the nasal cavities

Answer 5

Vibrissae

Question 6

The nasal cavity lies in the what portion of the bone?

Answer 6

Conchae, or turbinate bones

Question 7

structure of the respiratory epithelium

Answer 7

ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelium

Question 8

mitotically active stem and progenitor
cells that give rise to the other epithelial cell types.

Answer 8

Basal cells

Question 9

a specialized region of the mucous
membrane covering the superior conchae at the roof of the
nasal cavity.

Answer 9

olfactory epithelium

Question 10

are bipolar neurons present throughout this epithelium. Their nuclei form an irregular row near the middle of this thick epithelium

Answer 10

Olfactory neurons

Question 11

are columnar, with narrow bases
and broad, cylindrical apexes containing the nuclei and
extending microvilli into the fluid layer

Answer 11

Supporting cells

Question 12

Basal cells are the stem cells for the
other two types, replacing the olfactory neurons every __________________ and support cells less frequently

Answer 12

2-3 months

Question 13

are the most abundant, each
with 250-300 cilia on its apical surface

Answer 13

Ciliated columnar cells

Question 14

are also numerous and predominate in
some areas (Figure 17–2), with basal nuclei and apical
domains filled with granules of mucin glycoproteins

Answer 14

Goblet cells

Question 15

Respiratory epithelium has five major cell types, all of which contact an
unusually thick basement membrane:

Answer 15

■ Ciliated columnar cells
■ Goblet cells
■ Brush cells
■ Small granule cells
■ Basal cells

Question 16

are a much less numerous, columnar cell
type, in which the small apical surfaces bear sparse, blunt
microvilli

Answer 16

Brush cells

Question 17

Brush cells are ________________ resembling gustatory cells, with similar
signal transduction components and synaptic contact
with afferent nerve endings on their basal surfaces

Answer 17

chemosensory receptors

Question 18

are difficult to
distinguish in routine preparations but possess numerous
dense core granules 100-300 nm in diameter

Answer 18

Small granule cells

Question 19

are bilateral cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull

Answer 19

paranasal sinuses

Question 20

The lamina propria of the olfactory epithelium possesses large serous glands, the _______________
which produce a constant flow of fluid surrounding the olfactory cilia and facilitating the access of new odoriferous
substances.

Answer 20

olfactory glands

Question 21

is a short (4 cm × 4 cm) passage for air between
the pharynx and the trachea

Answer 21

larynx

Question 22

hyaline Cartilages in the Larynx

Answer 22

Thyroid, cricoid, inferior arytenoid cartilages

Question 23

Smaller elastic Cartilages in the Larynx

Answer 23

epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate, and the superior arytenoid cartilages

Question 24

a flattened structure projecting from the
upper rim of the larynx, serves to prevent swallowed food or
fluid from entering that passage

Answer 24

epiglottis

Question 25

Below the epiglottis and vestibule of the larynx, the mucosa projects bilaterally into the lumen with two pairs of folds separated by a narrow space or ventricle, these are the _______________________

Answer 25

The upper pair, the immovable vestibular folds The lower pair of folds, the vocal folds

Question 26

The vestibular folds is also known as the ____________________

Answer 26

false vocal cords

Question 27

Deep to the mucosa are large bundles of striated fibers comprising the _____________________ that allow each vocal fold to be moved.

Answer 27

vocalis muscle

Question 28

A series with about a dozen C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage between the submucosa and adventitia reinforces the wall and keeps the tracheal lumen open

Answer 28

TRACHEA

Question 29

The open ends of the cartilage rings are on the posterior surface, against the esophagus, and are bridged by a bundle of smooth muscle called the ______________________ and a sheet of fibroelastic tissue attached to the perichondrium

Answer 29

trachealis muscle

Question 30

The left lung contains ____ number of secondary bronchi while the right lung have _____

Answer 30

2, 3

Question 31

REGION of Vibrissae (stiff hairs) and moisture both filter and humidify air

Answer 31

Vestibules of nasal cavities

Question 32

REGION of Rich vasculature and glands warm, humidify, and clean air

Answer 32

Most areas of nasal cavities

Question 33

REGION where the function is to Solubilize and detect odorant molecules in air

Answer 33

Superior areas of nasal cavities

Question 34

REGION to Conduct air to larynx; pharyngeal and palatine tonsils

Answer 34

Nasopharynx and posterior oropharynx

Question 35

Site for phonation; epiglottis closes while swallowing

Answer 35

Larynx

Question 36

REGION to Conduct air to primary bronchi entering lungs; some MALT

Answer 36

Trachea

Question 37

Function is the Repeated branching; conduct air deeper into lungs

Answer 37

Bronchi

Question 38

Function is to Conduct air; important in bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

Answer 38

Bronchioles

Question 39

Function is to Conduct air to respiratory portions of lungs; exocrine club cells with several protective and surfactant functions

Answer 39

Terminal bronchioles

Question 40

Function is to Conduct air deeper, with some gas exchange, and protective and surfactant functions of club cells

Answer 40

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 41

function is to Conduct air, with much gas exchange

Answer 41

Alveolar ducts and sacs

Question 42

Function is to Sites of all gas exchange; surfactant from type II pneumocytes; dust cells

Answer 42

Alveoli

Question 43

are the intralobular airways with diameters of 1 mm or less, formed after about the tenth generation of branching; they lack both mucosal glands and cartilage, although dense connective tissue is associated with the smooth muscle

Answer 43

Bronchioles

Question 44

_______________ last parts of the air conducting system.

Answer 44

terminal bronchioles

Question 45

The cuboidal epithelium of terminal bronchioles consists largely of ________________________, with nonciliated, dome-shaped apical ends containing secretory granules

Answer 45

club cells or bronchiolar exocrine cells

Question 46

Distal ends of respiratory bronchioles branch into tubes called ________________________

Answer 46

alveolar ducts

Question 47

are saclike evaginations, each about 200 μm in diameter, from the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

Answer 47

Alveoli

Question 48

Between neighboring alveoli lie _________________ consisting of scattered fibroblasts and sparse extracellular matrix (ECM), notably elastic and reticular fibers, of connective tissue

Answer 48

thin interalveolar septa

Question 49

Air in the alveoli is separated from capillary blood by three components collectively referred to as the _______________________________-

Answer 49

respiratory membrane or blood air barrier

Question 50

are also extremely attenuated cells lining the alveolar surfaces.

Answer 50

Type I alveolar cells

Question 51

cells that constitute the alveolar side of the blood-air barrier and make up about 95% of the alveolar lining;

Answer 51

Type II alveolar cells

Question 52

are cuboidal cells bulging into the air space, interspersed among the type I alveolar cells, and bound to them with tight junctions and desmosomes

Answer 52

Type II alveolar cells

Question 53

also called dust cells, are found in alveoli and in the interalveolar septum

Answer 53

Alveolar macrophages

Question 54

is a bacteriostatic fluid, containing lysozyme and other protective agents produced by club cells, type II alveolar cells, and alveolar macrophages

Answer 54

The bronchoalveolar fluid

Question 55

Muscles of inhilaton

Answer 55

external intercostal muscles diaphragm