PARA TISSUE NEMA

Question 1

Pathologic Agent that causes serous cavity filariasis in the abdomen

Answer 1

Mansonella ozzardi
Mansonella perstans

Question 2

Filarial worms that live in the subcutaneous
fat under the skin

Answer 2

Loa loa
Mansonella streptocerca
Onchocerca volvulus

Question 3

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the ff. pathologic agents

Answer 3

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori

Question 4

Filariasis is transmitted mainly by

Answer 4

mosquitoes and black flies

Question 5

second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability, affecting both physical and
psychological aspects of the victim

Answer 5

Lymphatic Filariasis

Question 6

The two most common mosquito-borne
causative agents of LF

Answer 6

Wuchereria bancrofti or Bancroft’s filarial worm

Brugia malayi or the Malayan filarial worm

Question 7

Color of adult Wuchereria worms

Answer 7

Creamy White

Question 8

Microfilariae
in fresh specimens appear as ___________________ organisms constantly moving among the red
blood cells

Answer 8

minute snake-like

Question 9

serve as an important identifying feature of microfilaria

Answer 9

dark-staining nuclei

Question 10

Mosquito vectors of Wuchereria

Answer 10

Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles

Question 11

How many days before the 3rd stage larvae of Wuchereria force their way out of the muscles, and migrate towards the mosquito’s head and proboscis

Answer 11

6-20 days

Question 12

Mosquito vectors
of B. malayi

Answer 12

Mansonia

Question 13

Development of the B. malayi microfilariae to the
infective stage in the mosquito takes about ______________________

Answer 13

2 weeks

Question 14

Maturation time for the 3rd stage of B. malayi larvae to become adults takes about __________________

Answer 14

3 to 9 months

Question 15

This syndrome is characterized by
clinical and immunologic hyper-responsiveness
to the mature or maturing worms

Answer 15

“Expatriate Syndrome”

Question 16

Bacteria symbiote of W. bancrofti and B. malayi

Answer 16

Wolbachia

Question 17

The asymptomatic
stage may also be seen in those individuals who
are called “______________________,” who harbor in
their blood the parasite antigen instead of the
microfilariae.

Answer 17

endemic normals

Question 18

is the most common acute manifestation of LF, defined as localized pain,
lymphadenitis and/or lymphangitis and/or
cellulitis and local warmth, with or without
systemic manifestations of fever, nausea, and
vomiting.

Answer 18

acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA)

Question 19

The bacteria most frequently
associated with ADLA episodes

Answer 19

Group A
Streptococcus

Question 20

The most common chronic manifestation
of LF which on progression
leads to elephantiasis

Answer 20

lymphedema

Question 21

is a common chronic
disease manifestation of Bancroftian filariasis
since W. bancrofti worms have been shown
ultrasonographically to prefer localization in
scrotal lymphatics

Answer 21

Hydrocele

Question 22

Rupture of lymphatics in the kidney may produce ___________

Answer 22

chyluria

Question 23

a classic example of occult filariasis in which the
typical clinical manifestations are not present,
and microfilaria are not found in the blood but
may be found in the tissues

Answer 23

Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE)

Question 24

a rare manifestation directly caused
by adult worms that died spontaneously, or
commonly observed following treatment
with diethylcarbamazine (DEC)

Answer 24

acute filarial lymphangitis

Question 25

Brugia spp that rarely presents hydroceles

Answer 25

Brugia malayi

Question 26

In cases of low intensity of microfilariae infections, filtration using a _____________________ for concentration may be used

Answer 26

nucleopore filter or the Knott’s method

Question 27

preferred method of filarial infections since it also detects latent infections

Answer 27

Detection of circulating filarial antigens (CFA)

Question 28

drug of choice for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis since its discovery in 1948

Answer 28

DEC (diethylcarbamazine )

Question 29

Characteristic of B. malayi termninal nuclei that is not present in W. bancrofti

Answer 29

2 nuclei, which bulge the cuticle, conspicuously placed

Question 30

Characteristic of B. malayi Sheath color in giemsa that different in W. bancrofti

Answer 30

B. malayi- Pink W. bancrofti- Unstained

Question 31

Characteristic of B. malayi Appearance in blood film that different in W. bancrofti

Answer 31

B. malayi- Kinky W. bancrofti- Smoothly curved

Question 32

antibiotic for the Wolbachia endosymbiont of W. bancrofti

Answer 32

Doxycycline

Question 33

Major vector of LF in urban areas

Answer 33

Culex

Question 34

Major vector of LF in rural areas

Answer 34

Anopheles

Question 35

Major vector of LF in pacific regions

Answer 35

Aedes

Question 36

how many provinces in the Philippines is endemic to LF

Answer 36

45 provinces

Question 37

vector which breeds in water accumulated in the axils of abaca and banana plants, is the mosquito vector in most provinces of the Philippines

Answer 37

Aedes poecilus

Question 38

vector of W. bancrofti in Sulu and Palawan

Answer 38

Anopheles minimus var. flavirostris

Question 39

The Brugia malayi mosquito vectors are ______________ which breeds in freshwater swamps, and ___________________ which breeds in rice fields

Answer 39

Mansonia bonnae Mansonia uniformis

Question 40

AKA the rat lungworm

Answer 40

Parastrongylus cantonensi

Question 41

The nematode, which normally lives in rat lungs, has been known to cause eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in man

Answer 41

Parastrongylus cantonensis

Question 42

P. cantonensis arrangement is usually described as the “________________” pattern

Answer 42

barber’s pole

Question 43

definitive hosts of P. cantonensis.

Answer 43

Rats

Question 44

infective stage of P. cantonensis for the molluscan intermediate host

Answer 44

first stage larva

Question 45

known intermediate host of snails

Answer 45

Giant African Snails

Question 46

In the mollusk, the P. cantonensis larva eventually develops into the 3rd larval stage in about ____________

Answer 46

12 days

Question 47

_________________ demonstrated to effectively treat parastrongyliasis in China, Taiwan, and Thailand

Answer 47

mebendazole and albendazole

Question 48

the most important cause of trichinellosis in humans, and is the species that is most adapted to domestic and wild pigs.

Answer 48

Trichinella spiralis

Question 49

the most widely distributed species of Trichenella among wild animals in Asia, Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Africa, although it can also infect domestic pigs

Answer 49

Trichenella britovi

Question 50

2nd most common Trichinella species affecting humans

Answer 50

T. britovi

Question 51

The most definitive diagnostic examination is the demonstration of the trichinella larva through _______________________

Answer 51

muscle biopsy

Question 52

Diagnostic stage of trichinella larva

Answer 52

encysted larva in straited muscle

Question 53

For T. spiralis it is recommended that meat be cooked at a minimum of _______________________.

Answer 53

77°C (170°F)

Question 54

sheated filarial worm

Answer 54

Brugia malayi and timor Wucheria Loa loa

Question 55

Anisakis spp diagnostic stage

Answer 55

gastroscopic examination of blood

Question 56

It is strongly recommended that _______________________________ be done early to avoid invasion of the gastric submucosa.

Answer 56

endoscopic removal

Question 57

a zoonotic disease which may present as a public health problem with stray dogs and cats common in urban areas. The disease is caused by larvae of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, roundworms found in dogs

Answer 57

Toxocariasis

Question 58

Toxocara canis completes its life cycle in ____________

Answer 58

dogs

Question 59

Visceral toxocariasis can be treated with antiparasitic drugs such as _________________

Answer 59

albendazole or mebendazole

Question 60

Trichenillosis treatment of choice

Answer 60

Mebendazole