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HISTO LAB HISTOTECH Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

preparation of tissue slices or “sections” that can be examined visually with transmitted light

A

HISTOTECHNIQUE

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2
Q

Goal of HISTOTECHNIQUE

A

The tissue of the slices must have the same structural features as it had in the body

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3
Q

Accessioning involves the ff.

A

Specimen Receiving
Fixative
Labeling

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4
Q

The container must be _______________________________ in order to be used for HISTOTECHNIQUE

A

Large enough to hold the specimen without distortion

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5
Q

Fixative Ratio

A

1:20 (specimen- fixative)

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6
Q

Label for samples must have the ff.

A
  • Hospital, registration, or case number
  • Type or source of specimen
  • Date and time of collection
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7
Q

Histopathology Requisition Form must have the following information:

A
  • Patient details
  • Specimen details
  • Clinical or differential diagnosis
  • Brief clinical history
  • Surgical operations done
  • Other pertinent information
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8
Q

Usually done by the pathologist, and involves cutting small sections and placed in a plastic cassette

A

GROSS EXAMINATION

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9
Q

TISSUE PROCESSING PROCESS

A
  1. FIXATION
    1.5 DECALCIFICATION
  2. DEHYDRATION
  3. CLEARING
  4. INFILTRATION/ IMPREGNATION
  5. EMBEDDING
  6. SECTIONING
  7. DEPARAFFINIZATION
  8. STAINING
  9. MOUNTING
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10
Q

tissue specimen is placed in solutions of chemicals that cross link proteins and inactivate degradative enzymes

A

FIXATION

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11
Q

Preserve tissue structure, prevent degeneration and autolysis

A

FIXATION

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12
Q

Duration for FIXATION

A

12-72 hours
2-4 hours for very small samples

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13
Q

2 types of Fixatives

A

Aldehydes and Alcohols

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14
Q

Types of Aldehyde preservative

A
  • Buffered isotonic 37% Formaldehyde
  • Glutaraldehyde
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15
Q

Fixative used for electron microscopy

A

Glutaraldehyde

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16
Q

Fixatives for cytologic smears

A

Alcohols (Methanol, Ethanol)

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17
Q

an optional procedure after fixation, involves the removal of calcium ions from the bone

A

DECALCIFICATION

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18
Q

Makes the bone soft and easy to cut

A

DECALCIFICATION

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19
Q

Types of Decalcifying Agents

A
  • Strong Mineral Acid
  • Weak Mineral Acid
  • Chelating Agents
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20
Q

Examples for Strong Mineral Acid

A
  • Nitric acid
  • Hydrochloric acid
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21
Q

Examples for Weak Mineral Acid

A
  • Formic Acid
  • Trichloroacetic acid
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22
Q

Examples for Chelating Agents

A

EDTA

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23
Q

Duration for DECALCIFYING AGENTS

A

Days to Weeks

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24
Q

Most common Decalcifying Agent

25
Process where water is extracted gradually by transfers through a series of increasing ETHANOL solutions, ending in 100% ethanol
DEHYDRATION
26
Dehydration is done in increasing concentration to avoid ______________________
Tissue Distortion
27
Progress of concentration in DEHYDRATION
70%-90%-100%
28
Chemical used for removing water in the tissue in Dehydration
ETHANOL
29
The process where the ethanol is replaced by an organic solvent miscible with both alcohol and the embedding medium
CLEARING
30
CLEARING gives the tissue a _______________ appearance
translucent
31
Example of Clearing Agents
Xylene and Toluene
32
most common clearing agent
Xylene
33
The process where the tissue is placed in melted paraffin wax in an oven
INFILTRATION/ IMPREGNATION
34
evaporates the clearing agent, and promote infiltration of paraffin to the tissue cavities
INFILTRATION/ IMPREGNATION
35
example for Automated Processing Mediums
- Tissue transfer machine (ROTARY TYPE) - Fluid transfer machine (VACUUM TYPE)
36
The process where the specimen is placed in mold then filled with melted paraffin wax
EMBEDDING
37
EMBEDDING is also known as
Casting or Blocking
38
Ensures proper orientation of the specimen, as the mold is cooled to promote solidification
EMBEDDING
39
The process where the block is placed in a Microtome for cutting
SECTIONING
40
Cutting block used for cutting blocked tissues
Microtome
41
thickness for light microscopy
3-10um
42
thickness for electron microscopy
<1um
43
used to remove the wrinkles of the paraffin ribbon
Hot water bath
44
Involves the removal of the paraffin from the slide, and allows the tissue to adhere to the slide properly
DEPARAFFINIZATION
45
Allows the tissue to successfully interact with the stain
DEPARAFFINIZATION
46
incomplete removal of the paraffin in DEPARAFFINIZATION may affect the ___________________
STAIN
47
CHEMICALS for Deparaffinization
Xylene (for reverse of dehydration and clearing), PHAD (Projected Hot Air Deparaffinization)
48
Used to highlight the important features of the tissue as well as to enhance the tissue contrast
STAINING
49
anionic or negative charged tissue
BASOPHILIC
50
cationic or positive charged tissue
ACIDOPHILIC
51
STAINS used for staining tissues
- Hematoxylin and Eosin - Periodic Acid Schiff - Sudan- Black - Metal Impregnation
52
Most common tissue stain
Hematoxylin and Eosin
53
stain for highlighting glycogen and mucin
Periodic Acid Schiff
54
stain for highlighting LIPIDS
Sudan- Black
55
used for staining neuronal tissue
Metal Impregnation
56
metals used in Metal Impregnation
Silver and Gold
57
The process which involves the placement of a protective glass coverslip on the slide with clear adhesive
MOUNTING
58
most common mounting agent
Mayer's Egg Albumin

2A MIDTERMS (20 decks)

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