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Neuroanatomy > CNS Circulation > Flashcards

CNS Circulation Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

-produces CSF
-web of capillaries
-blood filtered 3x

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2
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

-above thalamus
-2
-connected to 3rd ventricle by inter-ventricular foramina (Monro)

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3
Q

3rd Ventricle

A

-surrounded by diencephalon
-connected to 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct (sylvius)

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4
Q

4th Ventricle

A

-behind pons/medulla
-connects to central canal of SC
-drains into subarachnoid space via foramina of Luschka and midline foramen of Magendie

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5
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

-dense projections in inner layer of dura
-separates 2 hemispheres

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6
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

-dense projections in inner layer of dura
-separate cerebellum from cerebrum

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7
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

-bleeding above dura
-most often tearing of middle meningeal artery
-quick accumulation
-lens shaped

Sx:
-HA, nausea, disorientation

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8
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

-bleeding below dura
-most often venous bleed
-not hemorrhage
-slower blood pool
-crescent shaped

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9
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

-abnormally high CSD in ventricles

Congenital:
-non-fused skulls, enlarged heads, downward gaze

Acquired:
-excessive pressure on white matter
-gait issues, incontinence, HA

Communicating:
-blocked at bottom of 4th ventricle
-occurs outside of system

Non-Communicating:
-blocked inside system (cerebral aqueduct)

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10
Q

Meningitis

A

-inflammation of meninges
-pain increases with upright position, head position, sneezing, neck stiffness, confusion

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11
Q

Homunculus Motor Cortex

A

-Precentral Gyrus

Medial: Genitals, toes, ankle, knee

Superomedial: trunk, hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand

Superolateral: Hand (fingers pinky-thumb), face

Lateral: Face (top to bottom), jaw (talking), tongue (swallowing)

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12
Q

Homunculus Sensory Cortex

A

-Postcentral gyrus

Medial: Genitals, toes, ankle, knee

Superomedial: trunk, hip, shoulder, head, arm

Superolateral: Hand (fingers pinky-thumb), elbow, forearm, wrist

Lateral: Face (top to bottom), jaw, tongue, gums, pharynx

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13
Q

Vertebrobasilar A.

A

-posterior circulation of brain

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14
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

-bottom, posterior cerebellum

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15
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebral A.

A

-front and bottom cerebrum

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16
Q

Superior Cerebellar A.

A

-top of cerebellum
-above CN III

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17
Q

Posterior Cerebral A.

A

-posterior cerebrum
-occipital lobe
-Posterior, medial, inferior temporal lobe

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18
Q

Internal Carotid A.

A

-anterior circulation of brain

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19
Q

Ophthalmic A.

A

eyes

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20
Q

Posterior Communicating A.

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A

-connects PCA and ICA
-connects 1 side of ant to post

21
Q

Anterior Cerebral A.

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A

-medial cerebral hemisphere to parietal lobe

22
Q

Anterior Communicating A.

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A

-between ant. cerebral A.

23
Q

Middle Cerebral A.

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A

-lateral cerebral hemisphere

EXCECPT:
-superior and front parietal
-inferior temporal

24
Q

Arteriovenous Malformation

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A

-arteries fail to connect to capillaries
-congenital
-can be ill until rupture

25
Saccular Aneurysm
-most common (on cerebral A.) -1 sided bulge -Berry Aneurysm
26
Fusiform Aneurysm
-bilateral -Sx occur near area
27
Pericytes
-cells surrounding BBB to control selectively permeable barrier
28
Blood Brain Barrier
-specialized barrier around capillaries -controlled by tight junctions -Absent in areas around hypothalamus and near 3rd and 4th ventricles
29
Cerebral Blood Flow
-More O2 needed for cortex than brainstem -Cerebral arteries dilate if BP, O2 pH are low OR CO2 is high
30
Cerebral Edema
-swelling of the brain tissue -High altitude cerebral edema, TBI, MI -causes ischemia which causes dilation and more edema
31
Intracranial Pressure
-5-15mmHg -normal pressure within skull monitored by lat ventricle -can compress brain tissue, cause brain herniation
32
Cingulate Brain Herniation
-pressure against falx cerebri -can cause issue with contra lower limbs
33
Uncal Brain Herniation
-pressure against midbrain -can cause CNIII dysfunction and loss of consciousness
34
Central Brain Herniation
-pressure against diencephalon, moving brainstem down -stretches basilar A. -B paralysis and impaired consciousness
35
Tonsillar Brain Herniation
-pressure of cerebellar tonsils putting on brainstem -impairs consciousness and 4th ventricle
36
Transient Ischemic Attack
-brief localized loss of brain function that resolves in 24h -risk of another 20% in 3m
37
Cerebrovascular Accident
-stroke -lasting longer than a day -"brain attack"
38
Infarction
-80% of strokes -mostly middle cerebral artery -slow occlusion causes compensations Embolus: -blot from somewhere else -sudden quick loss of function Thrombus: -narrowing or clot in area -gradual worsening of function
39
Hemorrhage
-rupture of vessel -20% of strokes Causes: -downstream loss of blood -pressure -irritant to brain tissue Subarachnoid Hemorrhage -sudden bad headache
40
Vertebral A. Stroke
-prone to shear forces from AA joint from abrupt cervical rotation -gait issues, ataxia, HA
41
Basilar A. Stroke
-complete blockage causes death -partial: tetraplegia, numbness, CN damage, locked in syndrome (only movements)
42
Anterior Cerebral A. Stroke
-hemiparesis loss to contra side -personality changes -lower limb issues
43
Middle Cerebral A. Stroke
-hemiparesis loss to contra side -face and upper limb issues L side: aphasia R side: spacial relationships, neglect, nonverbal communication
44
Posteror Cerebral A. Stroke
-midbrain issues (thalamic syndrome), eye movement issues, cortical blindness (brain cant comprehend vision)
45
Pontine Arteries
-supplies pons
46
Torcula
-confluence of sinuses -drains straight sinus and sup. saggital sinus -drains to sigmoid
47
Cavernous SInus
-drains from blood supply of face and brain -drains to sigmoid
48
Superior and inferior Petrosal Sinus
-drains from cavernous sinus -drains to sigmoid

Neuroanatomy (29 decks)

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