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Neuro > CNS Circulation > Flashcards

CNS Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

-produces CSF
-web of capillaries
-blood filtered 3x

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2
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

-above thalamus
-2
-connected to 3rd ventricle by inter-ventricular foramina (Monro)

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3
Q

3rd Ventricle

A

-surrounded by diencephalon
-connected to 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct (sylvius)

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4
Q

4th Ventricle

A

-behind pons/medulla
-connects to central canal of SC
-drains into subarachnoid space via foramina of Luschka and midline foramen of Magendie

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5
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

-dense projections in inner layer of dura
-separates 2 hemispheres

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6
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

-dense projections in inner layer of dura
-separate cerebellum from cerebrum

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7
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

-bleeding above dura
-most often tearing of middle meningeal artery
-quick accumulation
-lens shaped

Sx:
-HA, nausea, disorientation

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8
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

-bleeding below dura
-most often venous bleed
-not hemorrhage
-slower blood pool
-crescent shaped

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9
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

-abnormally high CSD in ventricles

Congenital:
-non-fused skulls, enlarged heads, downward gaze

Acquired:
-excessive pressure on white matter
-gait issues, incontinence, HA

Communicating:
-blocked at bottom of 4th ventricle
-occurs outside of system

Non-Communicating:
-blocked inside system (cerebral aqueduct)

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10
Q

Meningitis

A

-inflammation of meninges
-pain increases with upright position, head position, sneezing, neck stiffness, confusion

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11
Q

Homunculus Motor Cortex

A

-Precentral Gyrus

Medial: Genitals, toes, ankle, knee

Superomedial: trunk, hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand

Superolateral: Hand (fingers pinky-thumb), face

Lateral: Face (top to bottom), jaw (talking), tongue (swallowing)

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12
Q

Homunculus Sensory Cortex

A

-Postcentral gyrus

Medial: Genitals, toes, ankle, knee

Superomedial: trunk, hip, shoulder, head, arm

Superolateral: Hand (fingers pinky-thumb), elbow, forearm, wrist

Lateral: Face (top to bottom), jaw, tongue, gums, pharynx

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13
Q

Vertebrobasilar A.

A

-posterior circulation of brain

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14
Q

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.

A

-bottom, posterior cerebellum

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15
Q

Anterior Inferior Cerebral A.

A

-front and bottom cerebrum

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16
Q

Superior Cerebellar A.

A

-top of cerebellum
-above CN III

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17
Q

Posterior Cerebral A.

A

-posterior cerebrum
-occipital lobe
-Posterior, medial, inferior temporal lobe

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18
Q

Internal Carotid A.

A

-anterior circulation of brain

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19
Q

Ophthalmic A.

A

eyes

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20
Q

Posterior Communicating A.

A

-connects PCA and ICA
-connects 1 side of ant to post

21
Q

Anterior Cerebral A.

A

-medial cerebral hemisphere to parietal lobe

22
Q

Anterior Communicating A.

A

-between ant. cerebral A.

23
Q

Middle Cerebral A.

A

-lateral cerebral hemisphere

EXCECPT:
-superior and front parietal
-inferior temporal

24
Q

Arteriovenous Malformation

A

-arteries fail to connect to capillaries
-congenital
-can be ill until rupture

25
Q

Saccular Aneurysm

A

-most common (on cerebral A.)
-1 sided bulge
-Berry Aneurysm

26
Q

Fusiform Aneurysm

A

-bilateral
-Sx occur near area

27
Q

Pericytes

A

-cells surrounding BBB to control selectively permeable barrier

28
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

-specialized barrier around capillaries
-controlled by tight junctions
-Absent in areas around hypothalamus and near 3rd and 4th ventricles

29
Q

Cerebral Blood Flow

A

-More O2 needed for cortex than brainstem
-Cerebral arteries dilate if BP, O2 pH are low OR CO2 is high

30
Q

Cerebral Edema

A

-swelling of the brain tissue
-High altitude cerebral edema, TBI, MI
-causes ischemia which causes dilation and more edema

31
Q

Intracranial Pressure

A

-5-15mmHg
-normal pressure within skull monitored by lat ventricle
-can compress brain tissue, cause brain herniation

32
Q

Cingulate Brain Herniation

A

-pressure against falx cerebri
-can cause issue with contra lower limbs

33
Q

Uncal Brain Herniation

A

-pressure against midbrain
-can cause CNIII dysfunction and loss of consciousness

34
Q

Central Brain Herniation

A

-pressure against diencephalon, moving brainstem down
-stretches basilar A.
-B paralysis and impaired consciousness

35
Q

Tonsillar Brain Herniation

A

-pressure of cerebellar tonsils putting on brainstem
-impairs consciousness and 4th ventricle

36
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

-brief localized loss of brain function that resolves in 24h
-risk of another 20% in 3m

37
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A

-stroke
-lasting longer than a day
-“brain attack”

38
Q

Infarction

A

-80% of strokes
-mostly middle cerebral artery
-slow occlusion causes compensations

Embolus:
-blot from somewhere else
-sudden quick loss of function

Thrombus:
-narrowing or clot in area
-gradual worsening of function

39
Q

Hemorrhage

A

-rupture of vessel
-20% of strokes

Causes:
-downstream loss of blood
-pressure
-irritant to brain tissue

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
-sudden bad headache

40
Q

Vertebral A. Stroke

A

-prone to shear forces from AA joint from abrupt cervical rotation
-gait issues, ataxia, HA

41
Q

Basilar A. Stroke

A

-complete blockage causes death
-partial: tetraplegia, numbness, CN damage, locked in syndrome (only movements)

42
Q

Anterior Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-hemiparesis loss to contra side
-personality changes
-lower limb issues

43
Q

Middle Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-hemiparesis loss to contra side
-face and upper limb issues

L side: aphasia
R side: spacial relationships, neglect, nonverbal communication

44
Q

Posteror Cerebral A. Stroke

A

-midbrain issues (thalamic syndrome), eye movement issues, cortical blindness (brain cant comprehend vision)

45
Q

Pontine Arteries

A

-supplies pons

46
Q

Torcula

A

-confluence of sinuses
-drains straight sinus and sup. saggital sinus
-drains to sigmoid

47
Q

Cavernous SInus

A

-drains from blood supply of face and brain
-drains to sigmoid

48
Q

Superior and inferior Petrosal Sinus

A

-drains from cavernous sinus
-drains to sigmoid

Neuro (30 decks)

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