Spinal Cord

Question 1

Gracile Fasciculus

Answer 1

-main touch pathway
-fine touch, vibrations, conscious proprioception
-lower body to brain stem

Question 2

Grey Matter

Answer 2

-unmyelinated neurons
-motor and sensory
-control movement
-Inside

Question 3

White Matter

Answer 3

-myelinated neurons
-tracts up and down SC
-Outside

Question 4

Cuneate Fasciculus

Answer 4

-only in cervical
-vibration and conscious perception and fine touch sensations from upper body

Question 5

Gracile Nucleus

Answer 5

-dorsal column nuclei in medulla
-fine touch sensation and proprioception of lower body

Question 6

Cuneate Nucleus

Answer 6

-info from upper body
-nucleus of dorsal column in medulla

Question 7

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Answer 7

-coordinate signals from SC to cerebellum to regulate coordination

Question 8

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 8

-connects cerebellum to pons
-largest afferent system in cerebellum

Question 9

Periaqueductal Grey Matter

Answer 9

-modulation and propagation of pain

Question 10

Spinal Cord I Zone

Answer 10

-dorsal horn
-marginal zone
-noxious stimuli

Question 11

Spinal Cord II Zone

Answer 11

-Dorsal horn
-Substantia gelatinosa

Question 12

Spinal Cord III Zone

Answer 12

-dorsal horn
-Nucleus proprius
-Proprioception

Question 13

Spinal Cord IV Zone

Answer 13

-dorsal horn
-Nucleus proprius

Question 14

Spinal Cord V Zone

Answer 14

-Dorsal horn

Question 15

Spinal Cord VI Zone

Answer 15

-dorsal horn

Question 16

Spinal Cord VII Zone

Answer 16

-intermediate zone
-Clark’s nucleus

Question 17

Spinal Cord VIII Zone

Answer 17

-ventral horn
-commissural nucleus

Question 18

Spinal Cord IX Zone

Answer 18

-ventral horn
-motor nuclei

Question 19

Spinal Cord X Zone

Answer 19

-grey matter
-Grisea centralis

Question 20

Spinal Levels Traveling Caudally

Answer 20

-L2-S5

Question 21

Medial Dorsal Rootlets

Answer 21

-Ia and AB for fine touch and proprioception (DCML)

Question 22

Lateral Dorsal Rootlets

Answer 22

-AGamma and c fibers for pain and temp (spinothalamic)

Question 23

Clark’s Nucleus

Answer 23

• T1-L3
  -proprioceptive info to cerebellum

Question 24

Substantia Gelatinosa

Answer 24

-glial and small nerve cells
-spinothalamic

Question 25

Lateral Horn

Answer 25

-T1-L2 -cell bodies of pregangilonic SNS neurons

Question 26

Preganglionic PNS Cell Bodies

Answer 26

-S2-S4

Question 27

Epidural Space

Answer 27

-L3-L4

Question 28

Order of Spinal Arteries

Answer 28

-Anterior Spinal Artery -medullary a -Segmental A.

Question 29

Mmt of SC

Answer 29

-stretches 10% with flexion -none for Cauda

Question 30

Jendrassik's Maneuver

Answer 30

-changes descending input to alter motor function

Question 31

Central Pattern Generators

Answer 31

-Rhythmic activity patters generated by central circuits without external cues -locomotion, swimming, breathing, swallowing, urinating

Question 32

Stepping Pattern Generators

Answer 32

-type of CPG for walking without cortical output -flexor-extensor activation using proprioceptive information -has to be activated

Question 33

Withdrawal Reflex

Answer 33

-remove noxious input by activating remaining LE to prevent falling -crossed extension reflex

Question 34

Reciprocal Inhibition

Answer 34

-inhibits activated of antagonist while turning on agonist -allows unopposed muscle activity -allow cocontraction

Question 35

Recurrent Inhibition

Answer 35

-inhibit agonist and synergist muscles to turn on antagonist -Renshaw cells activated by reccurent collateral branch of alpha motor neuron

Question 36

SC Control of Bladder and Bowel

Answer 36

-afferent info needed -T11-L2 and S2-S4 Frontal Cortex: tells pons to empty OR corticospinal tract to contract PF muscles Pons: Sends signals to sacral cord center to contract bladder Sacral Cord: signals parasympathetic neurons to contract bladder and relax sphincters

Question 37

SC Control of Sexual Function

Answer 37

Psychogenic processes: L1-L2 Reflexogenic Processes: S2-S4 Pudenal: L1-L2 and S2:S4 for orgasm Injuries -Above T12: loss of erection and genital sensation -L2-S2 intact circuits: normal function, no sensation -S2-S4 circuit lesion: nothing

Question 38

Vertical Tract Impairments

Answer 38

-ipsi/contra deficits below lesion

Question 39

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 39

-A. Spinal Artery issue -Paralysis, analgesia, loss of discriminative sensation, loss of temp below lesion -Keep proprioception and light touch (DCML)

Question 40

Central Cord Syndrome

Answer 40

-trauma induced Small Lesion: pain and nociception impaired at level of lesion Large Lesion: pain and nociception impaired at level of lesion AND UE motor issues

Question 41

Brown-Sequard (Hemicord) Syndrome

Answer 41

Ipsilateral segment: -paralysis and analgesia of everything Ipsilateral Below: -Paralysis and loss of proprioception and light touch Contralateral Below: -nociceptive and temp impaired

Question 42

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Answer 42

-sensation impaired, pain, LE paralysis, bowel/bladder -no hyperreflexia

Question 43

Tethered Cord Syndrome

Answer 43

- stretch injury, scar tissue -LE, bowel/bladder, spine issues Ant. Cauda equina: LMN Excessive stretch: UMN

Question 44

Spinal Shock

Answer 44

-24h-3wks -all reflexes, function and autonomic regulation lost -end with return of anal reflexes

Question 45

Post-Traumatic SC Injury

Answer 45

-hyperexcitability and hyperreflexia -more sensation -poor thermoregulation -orthostatic hypotension -dysreflexia

Question 46

SC Bowel/Bladder Dysfunction

Answer 46

S2-S4: flaccid a-reflexive bladder Above S2-S4: hyperreflexive bladder -reflex emptying or spasms that cause urine to backflow into kidneys