Brainstem

Question 1

Longitudinal Divions of BS

Answer 1

-Basilar
-Tegmentum
-Tectum

Question 2

Basilar Divison

Answer 2

-ventral
-Descending tracts from cortex
-motor nuceli from substantia nigra, pons, inferior olive

Question 3

Tegmenum Divison

Answer 3

-Dorsal
-reticular formation (arousal)
-sensory nuclei; ascending tracts
-CN V nuclei
-medial longitudinal fasciculus (coordinate eye and head mmt)

Question 4

Tectum Divison

Answer 4

-midbrain only
-reflexive mmts of eyes and head
-inferior and superior colliculi

Question 5

Midbrain Divisions

Answer 5

-Basis Pedunculi
-Midbrain Tegmentum
-Tectum

Question 6

Inferior Colliculi

Answer 6

-info from cochlear to superior colliculi and thalamus
-sound localization; integration of auditory info

Question 7

Superior Colliculi

Answer 7

-motor and sensory info to orient head and eyes
-visual, auditorry, and somatosensory info

Question 8

Basis Pedunculi

Answer 8

-Cerebreal peduncles (motor tracts from cortex)
-Substantia Nigra

Question 9

Midbrain Tegmentum

Answer 9

-ascending tracts
-superior cerebellar peduncle
-red nucleus
-pedunculoponttine nucleus
-CN III and IV
-periaqueductal grey

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

-anterior wall of 4th ventricle; anterior to cerebellum
-most ascending tracts pass without synapsing (except corrticopontitne and corticobrainstem)

-Basilar
-Tegmentum

Question 11

Pons Basilar Division

Answer 11

-descending tracts
-pontine nuclei
-pontocerebellar

Question 12

Pons Tegmentum Divison

Answer 12

-ascending tracts
-reticular formation
-CN V-VIII nuclei

Question 13

Upper Medulla

Answer 13

-most CN nuclei
-spinal trigeminal
-inferior olivary nucleus

Question 14

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Answer 14

-motor learning, timing, and conttrol of ongoing mmts
-info from cortical and SC then prroject to cerebellum

Question 15

Lower Medulla

Answer 15

-decussation
-asending tracts pastt posteriorly

Question 16

Midbrain CN

Answer 16

-III
-IV

Question 17

Pons CN

Answer 17

-V
-VI
-VII
-VIII

Question 18

Medulla CN

Answer 18

-IX
-X
-XI
-XII

Question 19

Brainstem Blood Supply

Answer 19

-Vertebral A.
-ASA
-PICA
-Basilar
-AICA
-SCA
-PCA
-Pontiene
-Internal auditory A.

Question 20

Midbrain Blood Supply

Answer 20

-PCA
-Basilar A.

Question 21

Pons Blood Supply

Answer 21

-Basilar
-Pontiene
-AICA

Question 22

Medulla Blood Supply

Answer 22

-ASA
-PICA

Question 23

Brainstem Funcion

Answer 23

-Tracts (lesion: sensory and motor loss both ipsi and contra)
-CN function (lesion: ipsi facial issues)
-Consiousness (RAS, Reticular Formation)
-Vital sign regulation (Leison: BP fluctuation, breathing issues, HR issues)

Question 24

4Ds of Brainstem Dysfunction

Answer 24

-dysphagia (swallowing)
-Dysarthria (motor production)
-Diplopia (double vision)
-Dysmetria (lack of coordination)

Question 25

Anteromedial Midbrain Syndrome

Answer 25

-Weber's Syndrome -blockage of PCA or Basilar A. (midbrain branches) Corticospinal: hemiparesis Occulomotor: ipsi impaired eye mmts Red nucleus: ataxia; emotional control

Question 26

Lateral Inferior Pontine Syndrome

Answer 26

-occulsion of AICA; 2nd most common BS stroke -affects pons CN VIII Cochlear: ipsi hearling loss CN VIII Vestib): dysequilibrium; nausea Horner's Syndrome: ipsi CN V: ipsi facial pain CN VII: decreased tears/saliva; ipsi weakness in face Antetrolateral Spinothalamic: contra sensation

Question 27

Bell's Palsy

Answer 27

-CN VII damage -flaccidity in ipsi hemiphere of face -affects upper and lower (cortical is either or)

Question 28

Horner's Syndrome

Answer 28

-contricted pupils -eyelid droop -dry skin -SNS issue

Question 29

Locked-In Syndrome

Answer 29

-basilar artery throombosis or stenosis affecting ventral pons Lost Bilat Corticospinal: paralysis Bilat Corticobulbar: face paralysis Bilatt Abducens: not lat eye mmt Spared -RAS, vertical gaze -mimic coma

Question 30

Medial Medullary Syndrome

Answer 30

-ASA blockage CN XII: ipsi tongue protrusion DCML tract: contra loss of sensation Corticospinal: contra hemiparesis

Question 31

Lateral Medullar Syndrome

Answer 31

-Wallenberg's -Blockage of PICA; mostt common BS stroke Solitary Nucleus: increase HR Vestibular Nucleus: balance issues Vagus N: Increased HR Trigeminal: facial sensation Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle: ataxia, coordination Salivatory nucleus: saliva and tears, dental hygiene Spinothalamic: contra pain and temp Descending SNS: ipsi horner's Nucleus Ambiguous: swallowing, gag reflex, hoarseness

Question 32

Mammillary Bodies

Answer 32

-recollective memory

Question 33

Inferior Olive

Answer 33

-learning and timing of movements and comparing them to intended movements

Question 34

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 34

-connects cerebellum to pons -largest - contains afferent fibers

Question 35

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 35

-sound localization -pitch discrimination -integration of auditory information

Question 36

Superior Colliculus

Answer 36

-visual (directing eye movements), auditory, and somatosensory spatial information integration

Question 37

Substania Nigra

Answer 37

-production of dopamine -body movements -part of basal ganglia -on midbrain

Question 38

Cerebral Peduncles

Answer 38

-refining fine motor movements conversion of proprioceptive information into balance and posture

Question 39

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Answer 39

-coordinate signals from SC to cerebellum to regulate coordination

Question 40

Periaqueductal Grey Matter

Answer 40

-modulation and propagation of pain

Question 41

Thalamus

Answer 41

-interprets sensation information and perceives it