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Neuro > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Longitudinal Divions of BS

A

-Basilar
-Tegmentum
-Tectum

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2
Q

Basilar Divison

A

-ventral
-Descending tracts from cortex
-motor nuceli from substantia nigra, pons, inferior olive

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3
Q

Tegmenum Divison

A

-Dorsal
-reticular formation (arousal)
-sensory nuclei; ascending tracts
-CN V nuclei
-medial longitudinal fasciculus (coordinate eye and head mmt)

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4
Q

Tectum Divison

A

-midbrain only
-reflexive mmts of eyes and head
-inferior and superior colliculi

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5
Q

Midbrain Divisions

A

-Basis Pedunculi
-Midbrain Tegmentum
-Tectum

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6
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

-info from cochlear to superior colliculi and thalamus
-sound localization; integration of auditory info

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7
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

-motor and sensory info to orient head and eyes
-visual, auditorry, and somatosensory info

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8
Q

Basis Pedunculi

A

-Cerebreal peduncles (motor tracts from cortex)
-Substantia Nigra

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9
Q

Midbrain Tegmentum

A

-ascending tracts
-superior cerebellar peduncle
-red nucleus
-pedunculoponttine nucleus
-CN III and IV
-periaqueductal grey

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10
Q

Pons

A

-anterior wall of 4th ventricle; anterior to cerebellum
-most ascending tracts pass without synapsing (except corrticopontitne and corticobrainstem)

-Basilar
-Tegmentum

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11
Q

Pons Basilar Division

A

-descending tracts
-pontine nuclei
-pontocerebellar

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12
Q

Pons Tegmentum Divison

A

-ascending tracts
-reticular formation
-CN V-VIII nuclei

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13
Q

Upper Medulla

A

-most CN nuclei
-spinal trigeminal
-inferior olivary nucleus

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14
Q

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

A

-motor learning, timing, and conttrol of ongoing mmts
-info from cortical and SC then prroject to cerebellum

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15
Q

Lower Medulla

A

-decussation
-asending tracts pastt posteriorly

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16
Q

Midbrain CN

A

-III
-IV

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17
Q

Pons CN

A

-V
-VI
-VII
-VIII

18
Q

Medulla CN

A

-IX
-X
-XI
-XII

19
Q

Brainstem Blood Supply

A

-Vertebral A.
-ASA
-PICA
-Basilar
-AICA
-SCA
-PCA
-Pontiene
-Internal auditory A.

20
Q

Midbrain Blood Supply

A

-PCA
-Basilar A.

21
Q

Pons Blood Supply

A

-Basilar
-Pontiene
-AICA

22
Q

Medulla Blood Supply

A

-ASA
-PICA

23
Q

Brainstem Funcion

A

-Tracts (lesion: sensory and motor loss both ipsi and contra)
-CN function (lesion: ipsi facial issues)
-Consiousness (RAS, Reticular Formation)
-Vital sign regulation (Leison: BP fluctuation, breathing issues, HR issues)

24
Q

4Ds of Brainstem Dysfunction

A

-dysphagia (swallowing)
-Dysarthria (motor production)
-Diplopia (double vision)
-Dysmetria (lack of coordination)

25
Q

Anteromedial Midbrain Syndrome

A

-Weber’s Syndrome
-blockage of PCA or Basilar A. (midbrain branches)

Corticospinal: hemiparesis
Occulomotor: ipsi impaired eye mmts
Red nucleus: ataxia; emotional control

26
Q

Lateral Inferior Pontine Syndrome

A

-occulsion of AICA; 2nd most common BS stroke
-affects pons

CN VIII Cochlear: ipsi hearling loss
CN VIII Vestib): dysequilibrium; nausea
Horner’s Syndrome: ipsi
CN V: ipsi facial pain
CN VII: decreased tears/saliva; ipsi weakness in face
Antetrolateral Spinothalamic: contra sensation

27
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

-CN VII damage
-flaccidity in ipsi hemiphere of face
-affects upper and lower (cortical is either or)

28
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

-contricted pupils
-eyelid droop
-dry skin

-SNS issue

29
Q

Locked-In Syndrome

A

-basilar artery throombosis or stenosis affecting ventral pons

Lost
Bilat Corticospinal: paralysis
Bilat Corticobulbar: face paralysis
Bilatt Abducens: not lat eye mmt

Spared
-RAS, vertical gaze
-mimic coma

30
Q

Medial Medullary Syndrome

A

-ASA blockage

CN XII: ipsi tongue protrusion
DCML tract: contra loss of sensation
Corticospinal: contra hemiparesis

31
Q

Lateral Medullar Syndrome

A

-Wallenberg’s
-Blockage of PICA; mostt common BS stroke

Solitary Nucleus: increase HR
Vestibular Nucleus: balance issues
Vagus N: Increased HR
Trigeminal: facial sensation
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle: ataxia, coordination
Salivatory nucleus: saliva and tears, dental hygiene
Spinothalamic: contra pain and temp
Descending SNS: ipsi horner’s
Nucleus Ambiguous: swallowing, gag reflex, hoarseness

32
Q

Mammillary Bodies

A

-recollective memory

33
Q

Inferior Olive

A

-learning and timing of movements and comparing them to intended movements

34
Q

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

A

-connects cerebellum to pons
-largest
- contains afferent fibers

35
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

-sound localization
-pitch discrimination
-integration of auditory information

36
Q

Superior Colliculus

A

-visual (directing eye movements), auditory, and somatosensory spatial information integration

37
Q

Substania Nigra

A

-production of dopamine
-body movements
-part of basal ganglia
-on midbrain

38
Q

Cerebral Peduncles

A

-refining fine motor movements
conversion of proprioceptive information into balance and posture

39
Q

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

A

-coordinate signals from SC to cerebellum to regulate coordination

40
Q

Periaqueductal Grey Matter

A

-modulation and propagation of pain

41
Q

Thalamus

A

-interprets sensation information and perceives it

Neuro (30 decks)

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