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Neuro > Cognition, Consciousness, Attention, Communication > Flashcards

Cognition, Consciousness, Attention, Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

-ability to turn external timulation to internal motivation
-identify stimui and respond

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2
Q

Association Corticies Inputs

A

-projections from primary and secondary sensory and motor, thalamus, BS

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3
Q

Association Corticies Outputs

A

-hippocampus, BG, cerebellum, thalamus

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4
Q

Temporoparietal Association Cortex

A

-cognitive intelligence

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5
Q

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Areas

A

-self awareness
-executive function
-goal setting
-plans

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6
Q

Medial Dorsal Prefrontal Areas

A

-perceives other’s emotion making assumptions
-medial and superior

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7
Q

Ventral Pefrontal Cortex

A

-connects mood and affects
-medial and inferior

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8
Q

Frontal Lobe Syndromes: Executive Dysfuntion and Loss of Willpower

A

-Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex < Caudate < GP < Thalamus

-Difficulty planning, initiating, maintaing behavior

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9
Q

Frontal Lobe Syndromes: Disinhibition, irritability, and Impulsiveness

A

Orbital Cortex < Caudate < Substantia Nigra < Thalamus

-Social judgement, inappropriate behaviors

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10
Q

Frontal Lobe Syndromes: Apathy

A

Ventral Prefrontal Cortex < Ventra Striatum < Ventral Pallidum < Thalamus

-Apathetic and lack insight

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11
Q

Frontal Lobe Syndromes: Paranoia, Delusions

A

Medial Dorsal prefrontal Cortex < Ventral Striatum < Ventral Pallidum < Thalamus

-Undrstanding others emotions and beliefs and intentions

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12
Q

Hemispheric Localization & Lateralization

A

-reduce connection times
-R hand dominance and left
-lateralization occurs at 3-4

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13
Q

Dominant Hemisphere

A

-usually Left
-motor planning
-math: sequence, analytic calc
-Music: sequential, analytic skill
-Sense of direction: following directions

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14
Q

Nondominant Hemiphere

A

-usually R
-visual spatial analysis and attention
-Math: estimate quantities
-Music: untrained musicians, complex performance
-Sense of direction: navigating using spatial orientation/awareness

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15
Q

Disconnection Syndromes

A

-leisons to white matter disrupting connections between cortical areas

Ex: conduction aphasia, corpus callosotomy (split brain procedure for epilepsy)

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16
Q

Consciousness System

A

-medial and lateral frontoparietal association cortex and arousal circuits of upper brainstem and diencephalon

-AAA: alertness, attention, Awareness

17
Q

AAA

A

Alertness: normal functioning of brainstem and diencephalic arousal circuits

Attention: functioning of brainstem and diencephalic arousal circuits and processing frontoparietal association cortex

Awareness: subjective experiences, combine higher order systems, poorly understood

18
Q

Reticular Formation

A

-in tegmentum and runs through entire brainstem

Midbrain and Upper Pons: continuous with nuclei diencephalon rostrally, conscious state in forebrain

Pons and Medulla: conntinuous with intermediate zone SC caudally for motor, reflex and autonomic functions

19
Q

Reticular Acticating System

A

-in upper brainstem-diencephalic junction where lesion can cause coma with multiple interconnected arousal systems acting in parallel to keepp consciousness

Coma from:
-lesion in rostral RF and related structures
-Massive damage damage tto B cerebral cortex
-Damage to B thalamus

-more caudal or ventrtal don’t cause coma

20
Q

Maintenance of Alertness

A

-BS noreinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, ACH, RF w/ glutamate projections
-Posterior hypothalamic neurons
-Basal forebrain

21
Q

Attention

A

-brain processes that allocate resources to what matters
-frontoparietal assoxiatiooon cortex
-anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, limbic structures

Sustained: viligance, concentration, non distractibility

Switching: change from one task to the other

Selective: able to focus on more than 1

Divided: by performind 2 or more tasks

22
Q

Dominant Side Language

A

-Comprehension: wernicke’s, left side
-Motor Planning and production: Broca’s, left
-Angular Gyrus: connected to wernicke’s for comprehending spoken and written language

23
Q

Non-Dominant Side Language

A

-Wernicke’s equivalent on R side: comprehends emotional or tone of voice and facial expressions

-Broca’s equivalent on R side: use of different tones and gestures of communication

24
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

-can form words but do not make longical sense as a language

25
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

-understands what they want to say but cannot find the words

26
Q

Logorrhea

A

-excessive wordiness and repetiveness

27
Q

Verbal Perservation

A

-repetittive spoken words

28
Q

Confabulation

A

-patient generates a false memory without the intention of deceit

29
Q

Alexia/Dyslexia

A

-rerading disorders

30
Q

Agraphia

A

-inability to right

31
Q

Dysarthria

A

-difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak

Neuro (30 decks)

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