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Neuro > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Function of ANS

A

-homeostasis and reproduction (HR, breathing)
-activity of internal organs (metabolism, digestion)
-activity of blood vessels
-Reflexes

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2
Q

Overview of ANS

A

-Mostly efferent axons not under conscious control of glands, muscles
-afferent carry info from organs to CNS
-controlled by hypothalamus

SNS: T1-L3
PNS: BS, S2-S4

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3
Q

ANS Flow of Info

A

Visceral/Vascular receptors < Limbic sys, hypothalamus, RF, SC < SNS, PNS, Hormones

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4
Q

ANS Receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors:
-BP in aorta, carotid sinus, lungs
-Stretch in veins, bladder, intestines

Chemoreceptors:
-02 in carotid and aortic bodies
-H/Co2 in medulla
-GLucose/electrolytes in hypthal

Nociceptors:
-damage to tissue walls and viscera

Thermoreceptors:
-changes in blood temp in hypthal
-external changes to skin

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5
Q

ANS Afferent Pathways

A

-enter through SC

Visceral Afferents: ascending neurons to BS, Hypthal, thalamus
-CN 7 & 9 Taste
-CN 9 & 10 Viscera: into solitary nucleus of medulla and pons

Visceral Nocicepive: nociceptive tracts relating to referred pain
-cause muscle guarding

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6
Q

BS control of ANS

A

Medulla: regulation through autonomic efferents in SC and vagus n
-HR, RR, vasoconstrictionn/dilation

Pons: respiration

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7
Q

Diencephalon and limbic role in ANS

A

-modulation of BS autonomic control
-hypothal
-most visceral input to thalamus is through limbic system

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8
Q

Divisions of ANS

A

Main:
-SNS: fight or flight
-PNS: rest and digest

Enteric NS: in gut for GI secretions and digestion

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9
Q

Cholinergergic Neurotransmitters

A

-acetylcholine
-all preganglionic neurons on ANS
-PNS post ganglionic neurons

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10
Q

Adrenergic Neurotransmitters

A

-Norepineophrine: most SNS postganglionic neurons

-Epinephrine: adrenal medulla

dopamine is precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine

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11
Q

Preganlionic FIbers

A

-AB fibers
-neuron from CNS to ganglion
-acetylcholine

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12
Q

Postganglionic FIbers

A

-C fibers
-neuron from ganglion to effector organ
-acetylcholine (PNS) or norepinephrine (SNS)

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13
Q

Sympathetic NS (pre/post)

A

Preganglionic Neurons: cell bodies in lateral horn (T1-L3) exit through ventral root
-synapse w/ post neuron in communicating ramus (acetylcholine)

Postganglionic Neurons:
1. Cell bodies in sympathetic trunk to innervate smooth muscle and glands
2. Unpaired cells in ganglia < segmental spinal ganglia < abdominal and reproductive organs
- travel longer distances and closer to organs

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14
Q

Sympathetic NS Efferents

A

Efferents to Body:
-1 to adrenal medulla
- 2 tracts to periphery and viscera via paravertebral ganglion
- 2 tracts to abdominal and pelvic organs via paravertebral ganglion

T5-L2 pass through trunk w/o synapsing

Efferents to Head:
-originaes in hypothal and synapses in upper thoracic
-preganlionic fibers from upper throacic to cervical (stellate) ganglia via SNS trunk

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15
Q

SNS Function

A

-promote circulation to organs (increased SNS constricts, decreased dilates)
-fight or flight (dilation to muscles/lungs, contriction to gut, increase BP, BV, glucose)
-body temp regulation (sweating, goosebumps, dilation of skin BV)

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16
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

-from BS to sacral cord lateral horns (S2-S4) < to end organs
-ganglia not interconnected like SNS

Preganlionic Neurons:
-BS Nuclei: CN 3 Edinger Westphal nuc, CN 7 superior salivatory nuc (lacrimal glands), CN 9/10 inferior salivatory nuc and nucleus ambiguus (salivary glands), CN 10 dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (heart, lungs, GI)

Lateral Horn S2-S4:
-pelvic nerves to B/B and external genitalia

17
Q

PNS Function

A

-BS: rest and digest (constriction of pupils/lungs, decreased HR, digestion, glycogen synth)
-Sacral: regulates emtying of B/B and erection of penis and clitoris

18
Q

SNS and PNS Synergy

A

-some actions are balanced by both systems
-some SNS activities controlling limbs and fac are not countered by PNS
-pupil contriction by PNS not countered by SNS

19
Q

Breathing Rhythm Generator

A

-ant medulla blances arousal vs calm
-locus coeruleus responsible for arousal and alertness
-slow breathing inhibits locus c

20
Q

Freeze, Fight, Flight

A

Freeze:
-co activation for SNS and PNS to prepare for action and optimize perception of threat
-amygdala recognizes threat < hypothal and ant medulla stimulate SNS < amygdala activates PNS for vagus to decrease HR and medulla to inhibit muscle contractions

Fight/Flight: PNS output decreases and SNS increases

21
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

lesion of SNS preganglionic n to face ipsi, decreases adrenergic activation of nociceptors
-ptosis: droopy eyelid
-enopthalmos: sunken eye
-miosis: constricted pupil
-imaired sweating
-skin vasodilation (redness)

22
Q

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

A

-SNS efferents affect circulation, breathing, sweating in area

23
Q

SC Injuries

A

-depends on level and completeness

Complete in lumbar:
-B/B and sexual function

Complete injuries above T5
-homeostasis and temp, BP control
-Autonomic dysreflexia

24
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

-irritantt below level of lesion causes ascending sympathetic unable to reach brain foor inhibition of BP
-contriction of BV and rapid BP increase
-skin below lesion is pale, above is red
-HR slows
-must induce orthostatic hypotension and check irriant
-cannot be stopped once it starts

25
Q

Brainstem Injuries

A

-impaires efferent control of BP, HR, R
-dysfunction of CN nuclei

26
Q

Cerebral injuries

A

-damage to nuclei in hypothal interferes with homeostasis

27
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension

A

-decrease of 20 systolic and 10 diastolic, increased HR
-pooling of blood in limbs
-baroreceptor reflex to contric arteries
-fainting can be gravity reduced

Cause:
SCI, parkinson’s, neuropathy

28
Q

Syncope

A

-fainting fom lack of blood flow to brain

Neural reflecive:
-emotional distress or pain or pressure on carotid sinus
-Vasovagal: medulla inhibits SNS and reduces HR

Orthostatic hypotension

Cardiac: arrhythmias or structure

Neuro (30 decks)

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