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Anatomy > CNS, Spinal Nerves, and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

CNS, Spinal Nerves, and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What is a gyrus?

A

edges of the squiggly things of the brain

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2
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

grooves between the gyri

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3
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

separates the right and left hemispheres; sagittal cut

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4
Q

What is the frontal lobe?

A

comprises most of the anterior half of the cerebrum

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5
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

lateral, superior portion of the cerebrum

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6
Q

What is the temporal lobe?

A

sides of the brain

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7
Q

What is the insular lobe (insula)?

A

hides beneath the lateral sulcus

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8
Q

What is the occipital lobe?

A

most posterior part of the brain

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9
Q

What is the lateral sulcus?

A

divides the brain in a transverse section, separates the frontal and temporal lobes

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10
Q

What is the central sulcus?

A

divides the brain in a coronal section, separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe; comes up from the lateral sulcus

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11
Q

What is the precentral gyrus?

A

gyrus anterior to the central sulcus

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12
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus?

A

gyrus posterior to the central sulcus

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13
Q

What is the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

separates parietal and occipital lobes; back of the brain

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14
Q

What is the transverse fissure?

A

deep groove separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum; transverse cut on the back of the brain

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15
Q

What is the corpus callousum?

A

connects both sides of the brain; whiter part inside

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16
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus?

A

gyrus located just superior to the corpus callosum; right on top of the corpus callosum

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17
Q

What is the septum pellucidum?

A

tissue covering the hole beneath the corpus callosum

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18
Q

What is the fornix?

A

floor of the hole under the corpus callosum; white matter tract connecting the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies on each hemisphere

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19
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

paired group of nuclei lateral and superior to the third ventricle of the diencephalon; head of the hummingbird

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20
Q

What is the interthalamic adhesion?

A

small cellular mass joining the thalami at the midline; eye of the hummingbird

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21
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

located within the floor of the diencephalon or third ventricle; beak of the hummingbird

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22
Q

What are the mammillary bodies?

A

two nodes located inferior to the third ventricle and superior and anterior to the pons

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23
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

round gland, inferior to the hypothalamus and connected by the infundibulum; contained in the sella turcica

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24
Q

Where do we see the pituitary gland?

A

only on a model

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25
What is the infundibulum?
stalk-like structure attaching the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
26
What is the pineal gland?
small, cone-shaped structure in the posterior portion of the epithalamus; bun on the back of the hummingbirds head
27
What is the midbrain?
neck of the hummingbird; consists of the cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, and tectum
28
What are the cerebral peduncles?
white matter tracts linking the cerebrum with the pons; forms the anterolateral surface of the midbrain; most anterior part of the hummingbirds neck; legs of Patrick Star
29
What are the legs of Patrick Star?
cerebral peduncles
30
What is the most anterior part of the hummingbirds neck?
cerebral peduncles
31
What is the tegmentum?
middle part that goes on the back of the stomach; area posterior to the cerebral peduncles and anterior to the cerebral aqueduct
32
What is the tectum?
backpack of the midbrain; dorsal part of the midbrain, includes the superior and inferior colliculus
33
What is the superior colliculus?
paired superior rounded elevations; comes out of the backpack
34
What is the inferior colliculus?
paired inferior rounded elevations; comes out of the backpack
35
What is the pons?
stomach of the hummingbird; bulged region caudal to the midbrain
36
What is the medulla oblongata?
tail of the hummingbird; head of Patrick Star; region between the pons and spinal cord
37
What is the pyramid?
anterior, vertical paired ridge; triangle shape on the side of the medulla oblongata
38
What is the olive?
bulge on lateral side of each pyramid of the medulla oblongata; bumps to the side of the pyramid
39
What is the cerebellum?
tiny brain in the back; posterior and anterior to the cerebrum
40
What are the cerebellar peduncles?
arms of Patrick Star; thick, paired structure connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem
41
What is the vermis?
tissue connecting both sides of the cerebellum; central structure between the cerebellar hemispheres
42
What is the arbor vitae?
white tissue that looks like a tree; portion of the cerebellum composed of white matter
43
What is the dura mater?
thickest layer covering the brain, most exterior
44
What is the arachnoid mater?
deep to the dura mater, spider webs of the brain that cover gyrus
45
What is the Pia mater?
attaches directly to the brain and spinal cord following the contours of the gyri and sulci; top layer of the gyrus
46
What is the vertebral artery?
paired arteries that pass through the transverse foramen of each cervical vertebra and foramen magnum, unite to form the basilar artery
47
What is the basilar artery?
central artery anterior to pons; where the vertebral arteries meet by the pons
48
What is the internal carotid artery?
paired arteries originating from the common carotid arteries, pass through the carotid canal of the temporal bone; thick ones at the end of the circle of willis
49
What is another name for the cerebral arterial circle?
circle of willis
50
What is the circle of willis (cerebral arterial circle)?
series of vessels that encircle the pituitary gland, uniting anterior and posterior circulations; where the basilar artery splits and makes a circle
51
What are the lateral ventricles?
paired chambers located deep within each hemisphere below the corpus callosum; room under the corpus callosum
52
What is the third ventricle?
narrow ventricle located in the diencephalon between the right and left thalamus; foes of the head of the hummingbird
53
What is the cerebral aqueduct?
canal-like structure connecting the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle; passage going from the third ventricle across the head of the hummingbird to the fourth ventricle
54
What is the fourth ventricle?
wings of the hummingbird; posterior to the pons and anterior to the cerebellum, connects with the central canal of the spinal cord
55
What is the choroid plexus?
cluster of capillaries surrounding tissue found lining the ventricles
56
What is the anterior median fissure?
large groove running the length of the spinal cord on the anterior aspect; more prominent that a sulcus
57
What is the posterior median sulcus?
shallow groove running the length of the spinal cord on the posterior aspect
58
What is the central canal?
hole in the middle of the grey commissure; canal that runs down the middle of the spinal column within the gray matter and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
59
What is the anterior horn?
sticks out toward the front, grey matter; anterior "arms" of grey matter that contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
60
What side of the spinal cord are the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons found?
anterior
61
What is the lateral horn?
lateral "arms" of grey matter that contain cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons; sticks out toward the side
62
What is the posterior horn?
posterior "arms" of grey matter that contain cell bodies of sensory neurons; sticks out toward the back
63
What side of the spinal cord are the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons found?
lateral
64
What side of the spinal cord are the cell bodies of sensory neurons found?
posterior
65
What is the lateral funiculus?
same as the lateral horn but white matter; lateral columns of white matter containing tracts
66
What is the posterior funiculus?
same as horn but white matter; posterior columns of the white matter containing tracts
67
What is the anterior funiculus?
same as horn but white matter; anterior columns of the white matter containing tracts
68
What is the gray commissure?
bridge between both sides of the horns; transverse bar of gray matter surrounding the central canal
69
What is the conus medullaris?
tapered, inferior end of the spinal cord; on the sacrum and above the coccyx, looks like a cone
70
What is the cauda equina?
comes off the conus medullaris just above the coccyx; collection of nerve roots inferior to conus medullaris; like a horses tail
71

Anatomy (22 decks)

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