Lower Limb Muscles, Knee Joint, and Muscles of the Trunk Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
What is the diaphragm?
A
dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
2
Q
What is the phrenic nerve?
A
thin and long; behind the lung
3
Q
What are the external intercostals?
A
In-between the ribs; striations go toward the midline; more in the middle of the back
4
Q
What are the internal intercostals?
A
In-between the ribs; striations go away from the midline; more on the sides of the body
5
Q
What is the transversus thoracis?
A
all across the inside of the ribs
6
Q
What is the external oblique?
A
the most superficial muscle on the side of the abdomen; points down
7
Q
What is the internal oblique?
A
the middle muscle on the side of the abdomen; points up
8
Q
What is the transversus abdominis?
A
most deep muscle of the lateral abdominal wall; crosses your abdominal below the internal oblique
9
Q
What is the rectus abdominis?
A
on the sides of the linea alba; runs vertical
10
Q
What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?
A
pubic crest; pubic symphysis
11
Q
What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
A
costal cartilage of ribs 5-7; xiphoid process
12
Q
What is the rectus sheath?
A
Thin sheet that is on both sides of the rectus abdominis
13
Q
What is the linea alba?
A
in-between the rectus abdominis
14
Q
What is the psoas minor?
A
15
Q
What is the psoas major?
A
Round muscle adjacent to the iliacus
16
Q
What is the iliacus?
A
on top of the iliac fossa
17
Q
What is the inguinal ligament?
A
Goes from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
18
Q
What is the quadratus lumborum?
A
superior to the iliacus, posterior to the kidney
19
Q
What is the trapezius?
A
large diamond shaped muscle on the upper back and neck
20
Q
What is the serratus posterior superior?
A
21
Q
What is the serratus posterior inferior?
A
22
Q
What is the spinalis?
A
most medial muscle group of erector spinae; closest to the spine
23
Q
What is the longissimus?
A
intermediate muscle group of erector spinae; the longest one
24
Q
What is the iliocostalis?
A
most lateral muscle group of erector spinae; closest to the side
25
What is the splenius?
deep to the trapezius; has two heads
26
What is the semispinalis?
deep to the splenius on the back and neck
27
What are the suboccipital muscles?
four small muscles deep to the splenius and semispinalis; attach to the occipital bone
28
How many suboccipital muscles are there?
4
29
What is the gluteus Maximus?
largest and most superficial gluteal muscle
30
What is the gluteus medius?
middle gluteal muscle; under the gluteus maximus
31
What is the origin of the gluteus medius?
gluteal surface
32
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
greater trochanter
33
What is the gluteus minimus?
deepest gluteal muscle
34
What is the tensor fasciae latae?
deep to the iliotibial tract
35
What is the iliotibial tract?
Sheet that goes down the lateral side of the thigh; also called the IT band
36
What is the piriformis?
triangle shaped muscle inferior to gluteus medius
37
What is the superior gemellus?
below the piriformis
38
What is the obturator internus?
covers the inside of the obturator foramen
39
What is the inferior gemellus?
inferior to the obturator internus
40
What muscle splits the superior and inferior gemellus?
obturator internus
41
What is the quadratus femoris?
inferior to the inferior gemellus; looks like a square at the top of the femur
42
What is the obturator externus?
covers the external side of the obturator foramen
43
What is the femoral nerve?
goes on top of the iliopsoas
44
What is the iliopsoas?
where the posts major and iliacus join; front of the hip; makes a V with pectineus
45
What is the pectineus?
small muscle medial to the iliopsoas; makes a V with iliopsoas
46
What is the sartorius?
runs diagonally across the anterior side of the thigh from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial surface of the tibia
47
What is the origin of sartorius?
anterior superior iliac spine
48
What is the insertion of sartorius?
proximal part of medial surface of the tibia
49
What does PPMST stand for?
proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia
50
What are the quadricep muscles?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
51
What is the rectus femoris?
runs vertically on the anterior side of the thigh
52
What is the vastus lateralis?
lateral to the rectus femoris; IT band covers a lot of it
53
What is the vastus mdialis?
runs vertically on the medial side of the thigh; looks like a tear drop
54
What is the vastus intermedius?
runs deep the rectus femoris
55
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral nerve, ilipsoas, pectineus, sartorius
56
What muscles are part of the medial compartment of the thigh?
gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus
57
What is the gracilis?
inside the thigh; in the no gracias zone; splits front and back
58
What is the origin of the gracilis?
inferior pubic ramus
59
What is the insertion of the gracilis?
proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia
60
What is the adductor longus?
most superficial adductor on medial side of the thigh; the long one
61
What is the adductor brevis?
small muscle between the adductor longus and the adductor magnus; brevis in the crevice
62
What is the adductor magnus?
big one in the back
63
What muscles are part of the hamstrings?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve
64
What is the semimembranosus?
medial muscle; looks like a membrane on tops; scales of a fish
65
What is the semitendinosus?
medial muscle; superficial to semimembranosus; has a long tendon
66
What is the biceps femoris?
has two heads and helps flex your knee
67
What is the sciatic nerve?
big nerve on the posterior side and comes out of the greater sciatic notch
68
What is the tibial nerve?
medial part of the split from the sciatic nerve that goes down the tibia
69
What is the common fibular nerve?
lateral part of the split from the sciatic nerve
70
What muscles are part of the knee joint?
medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament, medial collateral ligament
71
What is the medial meniscus?
between the tibia and the femur on the medial side
72
What is the lateral meniscus?
between the tibia and the femur on the lateral side
73
What is the anterior cruciate ligament?
goes between the inside of the femur and the tibia on the anterior side
74
What is the posterior cruciate ligament?
goes between the inside of the femur and the tibia on the posterior side
75
What does ACL stand for?
anterior cruciate ligament
76
What does PCL stand for?
posterior cruciate ligament
77
What is the lateral collateral ligament?
lateral surface of the knee joint, smaller than the MCL
78
What is the medial collateral ligament?
medial surface of the knee joint, larger than the LCL
79
What does MCL stand for?
medial collateral ligament
80
What does LCL stand for?
lateral collateral ligament
81
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
82
What is the tibialis anterior?
comes anterior to the medial malleolus; goes diagonal; flexes your foot
83
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?
lateral surface of the tibia
84
What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?
medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
85
What is the extensor hallucis longus?
most superficial that connects to the big toe
86
What is the extensor digitorum longus?
more lateral muscles that go to the smaller toes
87
What is the fibularis tertius?
6th toe; lateral side of the foot
88
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
89
What is the fibularis longus?
superficial muscle of the lateral leg; goes around the ankle
90
What is the origin of the fibularis longus?
lateral surface of the fibula
91
What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?
medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
92
What two muscles insert at the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal?
tibialis anterior and fibularis longus
93
What two muscles originate from the lateral surface of the tibia?
tibialis anterior and fibularis longus
94
What is the fibularis brevis?
wraps around the lateral malleolus and is deep to the fibularis longus
95
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
gastrocnemius, soleus, planters, calcanea tendon, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
96
What is the gastrocnemius?
big calf muscle on the outside that you can see when you flex your calf
97
What is the soleus?
muscle deep to the gastrocnemius and plantaris
98
What does Grass is Planted in Soil mean?
gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus
99
What is the plantaris?
small muscle on the posterior side of the knee; is a small muscle and has a long tendon
100
What is the calcaneal tendon?
connects to the calcaneus, runs on the very back of your ankle area; commonly known as the achilles tendon
101
What is the popliteus?
deep muscle in the posterior region of the knee; table for the plantaris to sit on
102
What is the tibialis posterior?
first thing that comes posterior to the medial malleolus
103
What is the flexor digitorum longus?
comes just after the tibialis posterior
104
What is the flexor hallucis longus?
biggest one that goes to the big toe
105
What does Tom, Dick, And a Very Nervous Hal stand for?
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, vein and tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus
106
What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?
posterior surface of the fibula
107
What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?
1st digit
108
What are the muscles of the foot?
extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis
109
What is the extensor hallucis brevis?
below the extensor hallucis longus; comes from across the foot
110
What is the extensor digitorum brevis?
below the extensor digitorum longus of the smaller toes
111
What actions does the gluteal region do?
abduction, extension, and rotation at the hip joint
112
What actions does the posterior compartment of the thigh do?
extension at the hip joint, flexion at the knee joint
113
What actions does the anterior compartment of the thigh do?
flexion at the hip joint, extension at the knee joint
114
What actions does the medial compartment of the thigh do?
adduction at the hip joint
115
What actions does the anterior compartment of the leg do?
dorsiflexion of the foot, extension of the toes
116
What actions does the lateral compartment of the leg do?
eversion of the foot
117
What actions does the posterior compartment of the leg do?
plantar flexion of the foot, flexion of the toes
118
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral nerve
119
What does the femoral nerve innervate?
the anterior compartment of the thigh
120
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?
sciatic nerve
121
What does the sciatic nerve innervate?
the posterior compartment of the thigh
122
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve
123
What does the tibial nerve innervate?
the posterior compartment of the leg
124
What nerve innervates the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?
common fibular nerve
125
What does the common fibular nerve innervate?
the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg
