Lecture 4 Flashcards by Mara Erickson

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

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What are apocrine glands?

produce viscous sweat and are found in the axillary nipple, anal, and genital areas

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What is the top layer of the epidermis?

stratum corneum

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What are the functions of the integument?

protection, prevent dehydration, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D synthesis

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What is a sebacceous gland?

known as oil glands and produce sebum

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What is a third-degree burn?

damages the entire epidermis and dermis

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What is the rate of hair growth?

2 mm/week

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What is the main sensory organ in the skin?

merkel cell

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What happens after the growth cycle?

follicle is stimulated to re-enter anagen phase and make new hair

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What are eccrine glands?

produce water sweat and are found all over the body; most numerous

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What is malignant melanoma?

a type of skin cancer

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Why do we get wrinkles?

loss of collage and elastic fibers, decreased thickness of dermis, skin less “springy”

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What does the arrestor pili muscle do?

helps hair stand up

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What are nails?

scale-like modification of epidermis

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What are the phases of the growth cycle?

anagen phase, catagen phase, telogen phase

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Why do we get a nevus?

overgrowth of melanin-forming cells

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What is the cortex?

middle layer of the hair follicle

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How do you treat basal cell carcinoma?

Treatment options include surgery and freezing (cryosurgery)

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What are the layers of the dermis?

papillary layer and reticular layer

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What type of tissue is the dermis?

connective tissue

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What is the fourth layer of the epidermis?

stratum spinosum

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What layer anchors skin to underlying structures?

hypodermis

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What is hair composed of?

hard keratin

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What layer are melanocytes in?

stratum basale of the epidermis

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What is a second-degree burn?

damages epidermis and part of the dermis

What is lanugo hair?

fetal hair

What is the lunula?

half moon shape on the nail

What is the hyponychium?

small piece of skin under the nail

What does keratinized epithelium mean?

some of the cells are dying as they get closer to the top

What is a nevus?

mole or birthmark

What is vellus hair?

fine hair on most of the body

What is the cuticle of the hair follicle?

the outside layer

Why do we get acne?

overactive and plugged sebaceous ducts

What is the bottom layer of the epidermis?

stratum basale

What is a first-degree burn?

damages epidermis

What layer are wrinkles involved in?

dermis

What type of tissue is the epidermis made up of?

stratified squamous epithelium

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

anchors skin to underlying structures, thermal insulation, energy reservoir

What types of tissue is the hypodermis made up of?

areolar and adipose connective tissue

What are the types of hair?

lanugo hair, vellus hair, terminal hair

Why do we get scars?

damaged skin is replaced by fibrous tissue in the dermis

What is a sudoriferous gland?

known as sweat glands

What is the anagen phase?

hair is actively growing; lasts 2-7 years

What layer is vascular?

dermis

Is the hypodermic part of the integument?

What is the telogen phase?

follicle is inactive and hair stops growing and is shed; lasts 2-4 months

What are the names of the layers of the integument?

epidermis and dermis

What is the half moon shape on the nail called?

lunula

Does the dermis have blood?

yes

How do you treat malignant melanoma?

Treatment typically involves surgical excision and immunotherapy.

What is the papillary layer of the dermis made of?

areolar connective tissue

What is a melanocyte?

produces melanin which affects the color of the skin and hair and provides protection from UV radiation damage

What is terminal hair?

head, armpit, pubic region, male facial hair

What layer is an energy reservoir?

hypodermis

Which layer is the majority of the thickness of skin?

dermis

What type of tissue is the epidermis?

epithelial

Does the epidermis have blood?

What is the most deadly type of skin cancer?

malignant melanoma

What is the catagen phase?

transition phase where the follicle shrinks; lasts 2-3 weeks

What are the functions of hair?

protection, sensation, reduce heat loss

What are the types of sudoriferous glands?

eccrine and apocrine glands

What is the medulla?

most center layer of the hair follicle

What is the least dangerous type of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

What is in nails?

hard deratin

Why do we get freckles?

excessive melanocyte activity, not increased melanocyte cells

What layer do scars happen in?

dermis

How many layers of the integument are there?

Where does basal cell carcinoma originate?

in the stratum basale

What is basal cell carcinoma?

a type of skin cancer

What is the reticular layer of the dermis made of?

dense irregular connective tissue

What are the layers of the hair shaft?

medulla, cortex, cuticle

Where does malignant melanoma come from?

arises from melanocytes (usually a preexisting mole)

What is the second layer of the epidermis?

stratum lucidum

What is the third layer of the epidermis?

stratum granulosum