The Lower Digestive System (Lecture 21)

Question 1

What are the major functions of the small intestines?

Answer 1

chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 2

Where does the small intestines get digestive enzymes from?

Answer 2

pancreas

Question 3

What does bile come from?

Answer 3

liver

Question 4

What does bile do in the small intestine?

Answer 4

emulsifies fat so it can be chemically digested

Question 5

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 5

about 1ft

Question 6

How long is the jejunum?

Answer 6

about 7-8ft

Question 7

How long is the ileum?

Answer 7

about 10-11ft

Question 8

What are the subdivisions of the small intestine?

Answer 8

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 9

What is the small intestine lined with?

Answer 9

simple columnar epithelium

Question 10

What is the small intestine suspended by?

Answer 10

the mesentery proper

Question 11

What does villi do for the small intestine?

Answer 11

increased surface area so absorption can happen

Question 12

What are circular folds?

Answer 12

bumps in the small intestine

Question 13

What do circular folds do?

Answer 13

act like speed bumps to slow food down

Question 14

What is found inside the villi?

Answer 14

blood vessels and lacteals

Question 15

What are the villi lined with?

Answer 15

simple columnar epithelium

Question 16

Where are microvilli found?

Answer 16

apical surface of villar cells

Question 17

What are microvilli collectively known as?

Answer 17

the brush border

Question 18

What do microvilli contain?

Answer 18

brush border enzymes

Question 19

What is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 19

intestines push through inguinal canal

Question 20

What usually happens during an inguinal hernia?

Answer 20

the small intestine pushes through the inguinal canal

Question 21

How far can an inguinal hernia travel?

Answer 21

all the way to the scrotum

Question 22

What is an umbilical hernia?

Answer 22

intestines push through the rectus abdominis

Question 23

What does the ileocecal valve do?

Answer 23

prevents stuff from going back into the ilium

Question 24

How much does the large intestine absorb?

Answer 24

not much

Question 25

What does the large intestine absorb?

Answer 25

water and electrolytes

Question 26

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 26

forces feces toward rectum

Question 27

What is the large intestine lined with?

Answer 27

simple columnar epithelium

Question 28

What are mental appendages for?

Answer 28

protection and insulation

Question 29

How many rectal valves are there?

Answer 29

three

Question 30

What do the rectal valves do?

Answer 30

separate feces from gas so you don't poop when you fart

Question 31

What is the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 31

closer to the inside of the anal canal

Question 32

What kind of muscle is the internal anal sphincter?

Answer 32

smooth muscle

Question 33

What is the internal anal sphincter controlled by?

Answer 33

ANS

Question 34

What is the external anal sphincter?

Answer 34

superficial to the internal anal sphincter

Question 35

What kind of muscle is the external anal sphincter?

Answer 35

skeletal muscle

Question 36

What is the external anal sphincter controlled by?

Answer 36

somatic nervous system

Question 37

What do anal sinuses do?

Answer 37

produce mucus to lubricate anal canal

Question 38

What is inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 38

periodic inflammation of intestinal wall

Question 39

What are the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 39

cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, intestinal bleeding

Question 40

What is ulcerative colitis?

Answer 40

a type of inflammatory bowel diesease

Question 41

What are the accessory digestive organs?

Answer 41

pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 42

Are the accessory organs part of the GI tract?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Are the accessory organs part of the digestive system?

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 44

produce digestive enzymes and secrete them through pancreatic ducts

Question 45

What cells produce digestive enzymes int he pancreas?

Answer 45

acinar cells

Question 46

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 46

produce insulin and glucagon

Question 47

What are insulin and glucagon?

Answer 47

hormones produced in the pancreas

Question 48

What produces insulin and glucagon?

Answer 48

pancreatic islets

Question 49

What is the second largest organ?

Answer 49

liver

Question 50

What is the liver's digestive function?

Answer 50

produces bile

Question 51

What is the liver's functions associated with blood?

Answer 51

stores excess blood nutrients, detoxification of poisons and metabolites and drugs, clean out debris and old RBCs, and produces blood proteins

Question 52

What are the blood proteins?

Answer 52

albumin, globulins, blood clotting proteins

Question 53

Does the gall bladder produce bile?

Answer 53

No

Question 54

What is a hepatocyte?

Answer 54

cell of the liver

Question 55

What do hepatocytes do?

Answer 55

form bile

Question 56

What does the hepatic lobule look like?

Answer 56

a stop sign shape

Question 57

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 57

stores and concentrates bile

Question 58

What does the biliary tract do?

Answer 58

carries bile to the duodenum

Question 59

What are gallstones?

Answer 59

crystallization of cholesterol or calcium and bile salts

Question 60

What is the mesentery in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 60

where two layer of the peritoneum come together and sandwiches blood vessels and other things

Question 61

What does intraperitoneal mean?

Answer 61

in the peritoneum

Question 62

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Answer 62

behind the peritoneum

Question 63

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 63

stomach, jejunum ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, appendix, liver, spleen

Question 64

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 64

most of the duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, pancreas, kidneys

Question 65

What are mesenteries?

Answer 65

double layer folds of the peritoneum that suspend and support intraperitoneal organs

Question 66

What does omentum mean?

Answer 66

apron

Question 67

What is included in the term mesenteries?

Answer 67

greater omentum, lesser omentum, mesentery proper, mesocolon