The Respiratory System (Lecture 19)

Question 1

What kind of cartilage does the trachea have around it?

Answer 1

hyaline

Question 2

What kind of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

Answer 2

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 3

What part of the heart lays in the cardiac impression?

Answer 3

left ventricle

Question 4

What part of the heart lays against the cardiac notch?

Answer 4

apex of the heart

Question 5

What is the respiratory zone?

Answer 5

the respiratory bronchiole after the terminal bronchiole

Question 6

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 6

pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction, defense

Question 7

What is emphysema?

Answer 7

chronic destruction of alveoli and loss of lung elastic tissue

Question 8

What kind of epithelium lines the oropharynx?

Answer 8

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

What is the larynx?

Answer 9

voice box

Question 10

What is the conducting zone?

Answer 10

the terminal bronchiole and everything above that has to do with the respiratory system

Question 11

What bones make up the nasal cavity?

Answer 11

perpendicular plate and vomer

Question 12

What do bronchodilators do for asthma?

Answer 12

blocks receptors that constrict the airway

Question 13

How many bronchopulmonary segments are on the right lobe?

Answer 13

10

Question 14

How is gas exchanged?

Answer 14

in the alveoli, CO2 goes from the capillary to the alveolus and O2 goes from the alveolus to the capillary through diffusion

Question 15

What is gas exchange?

Answer 15

external respiration

Question 16

What do goblet cells produce?

Answer 16

mucus

Question 17

What structures are part of the larynx?

Answer 17

epiglottis, false vocal cords, true vocal cords, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages

Question 18

What is unique about the trachea?

Answer 18

posterior wall has no cartilage

Question 19

How big are bronchioles?

Answer 19

microscopic

Question 20

What happens when you have emphysema?

Answer 20

old air is trapped in alveoli which makes it difficult to exhale, there is a decrease in gas exchange surface area

Question 21

What makes up the top of the nasal cavity?

Answer 21

cribriform plate

Question 22

What unique cells does the trachea have?

Answer 22

goblet cells

Question 23

What are the symptoms of asthma?

Answer 23

wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, excess mucous

Question 24

What do alveolar type 1 cells do?

Answer 24

form walls of alveolis

Question 25

What structures are apart of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 25

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lung alveoli

Question 26

What are bronchioles?

Answer 26

come after the bronchus

Question 27

How can you tell the bronchus and bronchioles apart?

Answer 27

bronchioles don't have cartilage

Question 28

What is asthma?

Answer 28

airway hypersensitivity leads to inflammation and bronchoconstruction

Question 29

What is the main bronchi?

Answer 29

split off from the trachea

Question 30

What do alveolar type 2 cells do?

Answer 30

produce liquid that helps keep alveoli open

Question 31

What is external respiration?

Answer 31

gas exchange between blood at the pulmonary capillaries and air at the alveoli

Question 32

What is the lobar bronchi?

Answer 32

goes to lobes of the lungs from the main bronchi

Question 33

What comes after the trachea?

Answer 33

the bronchus

Question 34

What does the pharynx connect?

Answer 34

nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

Question 35

What does the visceral pleura attach to?

Answer 35

the lung

Question 36

What is the treatment of asthma?

Answer 36

may include inhaled steroids mixed with bronchodilators

Question 37

What are the regions of the pharynx?

Answer 37

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharyns

Question 38

What usually causes emphysema?

Answer 38

smoking

Question 39

What does the larynx do?

Answer 39

provides open airway

Question 40

What is internal respiration?

Answer 40

gas exchange between blood at systemic capillaries and tissue cells

Question 41

What do inhaled steroids do for asthma?

Answer 41

helps lungs not develop a lot of mucus that blocks airway

Question 42

What is olfaction?

Answer 42

smell

Question 43

What does the parietal pleura attach to?

Answer 43

the ribcage

Question 44

What is respiration?

Answer 44

gas exchange

Question 45

Where does external respiration happen?

Answer 45

in the lungs

Question 46

What do alveolar macrophages do?

Answer 46

help kill bacteria

Question 47

What kind of epithelium lines the trachea?

Answer 47

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 48

What happens during expiration/exhalation?

Answer 48

lung elastic recoil, diaphragm passively relaxes, abdominal wall and internal intercostals and others contract

Question 49

What are the muscles of ventilation?

Answer 49

diaphragm, phrenic nerves, internal intercostal muscles, external intercostal muscles, scalenes

Question 50

What kind of epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?

Answer 50

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 51

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 51

airway for respiration, warm and humidify and clean inhaled air, resonating chamber for speech and sound, houses olfactory receptors

Question 52

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 52

breathing

Question 53

Where does internal respiration happen?

Answer 53

down by the pubic area

Question 54

What is the pharynx?

Answer 54

throat

Question 55

What separates the two nasal cavities?

Answer 55

nasal septum

Question 56

What happens during inspiration/inhalation?

Answer 56

diaphragm contracts, external intercostals, scalenes, and other contract

Question 57

What kind of epithelium makes up the nasal cavity?

Answer 57

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

Question 58

What structures are apart of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 58

sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx

Question 59

What is gas conditioning?

Answer 59

warming, humidifying, and cleansing air

Question 60

How many bronchopulmonary segments are on the left?

Answer 60

10

Question 61

What is the segmental bronchi?

Answer 61

goes to the segments of the lungs from the lobar bronchi