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Lecture 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of senses?

A

general and special

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2
Q

What are general senses?

A

sensed throughout the body

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3
Q

What are examples of general senses?

A

temperature, pain, tough, stretch, and pressure

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4
Q

What are special senses?

A

specialized to the head

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5
Q

What are the special senses?

A

gustation (taste), olfaction (smell), vision, equilibrium, and audition (hearing)

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6
Q

How are stimuli detected?

A

receptors

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7
Q

What are the different types of receptors?

A

chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, nociceptors

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8
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

detect change in chemical concentration

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9
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

detect change in temperature

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10
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

detect change in light

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11
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

detect change in movement, physical change

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12
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

detect pain, detects tissue damage that results in us feeling pain

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13
Q

What do mechanoreceptors detect in the skin?

A

touch, pressure, and vibration

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14
Q

What are the mechanoreceptors in the skin?

A

meissner corpuscle, ruffini corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle, and free nerve ending

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15
Q

What do meissner corpuscles detect?

A

light touch

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16
Q

What do ruffini corpuscles detect?

A

vibrations, light pressure, joints moving if around joints

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17
Q

What do pacinian corpuscles detect?

A

deep pressure

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18
Q

What do free nerve endings detect?

A

change in temp, pain

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19
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

subset of mechanoreceptors

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20
Q

What do proprioceptors do?

A

help you know where parts of your body is in space

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21
Q

What are the two proprioceptors?

A

muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

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22
Q

What do muscle spindles detect?

A

muscle stretch

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23
Q

What do Golgi tendon organs detect?

A

tendon stretch, tells how much tension is being placed on a tendon

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24
Q

What innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

facial nerve; closer to the face

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25
What innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve; closer to the pharynx
26
What do filiform papillae do?
help grip food
27
What papillae doesn't have taste buds?
filiform papillae
28
What papillae can change overtime?
foliate papillae
29
What papillae has few taste buds?
fungiform papillae
30
What papillae has taste buds during infancy?
foliate papillae
31
What papillae has many taste buds?
circumvallate papillae
32
What are the six extrinsic eye muscles?
superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
33
What innervates the superior rectus?
oculomotor nerve
34
What innervates the superior oblique?
trochlear nerve
35
What innervates the medial rectus?
oculomotor nerve
36
What innervates the inferior oblique?
oculomotor nerve
37
What innervates the inferior rectus?
oculomotor nerve
38
What innervates the lateral rectus?
abducens nerve
39
What do eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids do?
prevent foreign objects from contacting the eye
40
What prevents foreign objects from contacting the eye?
eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids
41
What does the conjunctiva do?
prevents things from getting to the back of the eye
42
Where is the conjunctiva?
covering the eye's anterior surface and internal eyelid
43
Does the conjunctiva cover the cornea?
no
44
What is part of the lacrimal system?
lacrimal glands, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct
45
What do tarsal glands do?
maintains moisture of the eye; prevents evaporation of tears
46
What do tarsal glands produce?
waxy lipid solution
47
What is the fibrous tunic of the eye?
sclera and cornea
48
What is the vascular tunic of the eye?
choroid, ciliary body, suspensory ligaments, iris
49
What is the neural tunic of the eye?
retina (photoreceptors)
50
What are the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye filled with?
aqueous humor
51
What is the vitreous chamber filled with?
vitreous humor
52
What does vitreous humor do?
helps maintain the shape of the eye
53
What is vitreous humor?
gel like
54
What are rods?
look like a rod
55
What are cones?
look like a cone
56
What do rods do?
function in dim light
57
What do rods not do?
don't provide sharp vision or color vision
58
Are rods or cones more numerous?
rods
59
What do cones do?
provide high acuity color vision
60
Where do cones operate best?
bright light
61
What are cataracts?
cloudy lens
62
What is glaucoma?
high pressure in the eye
63
What does glaucoma do?
hurts the optic nerve
64
What causes glaucoma?
aqueous humor gets blocked and gets built up which increases pressure in the eye
65
What is macular degeneration?
area around fovea centralis degenerates
66
What is part of the external ear?
auricle, external auditory canal, ceruminous glands, tympanic membrane
67
What are ceruminous glands?
produce cerumen (ear wax)
68
What does ear wax do?
helps prevent infections
69
What is part of the middle ear?
Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), stapedius muscle, tensor tympani muscle, tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, auditory tube
70
What is the tympanic cavity?
air-filled cavity behind the tympanic membrane
71
What does the tympanic membrane do?
vibrates from sound waves; air must be equalized in order for the membrane to vibrate
72
What does the stapedius muscle and tensor tympani muscle do?
helps decrease vibrations when in a loud place so the ossicles don't get hurt
73
What does the auditory tube connect to?
nasopharynx
74
Is the auditory tube usually open or closed?
closed
75
Why does the auditory tube open?
to equilibrate pressure in middle ear
76
What it otitis media?
infection of the middle ear
77
What are the inner ear structures?
vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea, vestibular and cochlear nerves
78
What are the utricle and saccule part of?
the vestibule
79
What does the vestibule do?
detects linear acceleration and head position, helps sense equilibrium
80
What do the semicircular canals do?
detect rotational movements, helps sense equilibrium
81
What does the cochlea do?
detects sound waves
82
What does Scala vestibule and Scala tympani contain?
perilymph
83
What does Scala media contain?
endolymph
84
What lobe does hearing?
parietal lobe
85
What lobe does taste?
insular lobe
86
What lobe does smell?
temporal lobe
87
What lobe does eyesight?
occipital lobe
88
What is the sensory cell of gustation?
gustatory cell
89
What is the sensory cell of olfaction?
olfactory neuron
90
What is the sensory cell of vision?
rods and cones
91
What is the sensory cell of audition?
cochlear hair cells
92
What is the sensory cell of equilibrium?
hair cells

Anatomy (22 decks)

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