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Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does connective tissue come from?

A

mesenchyme cells

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2
Q

What are mesenchyme cells?

A

stem cells

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3
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

spares cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of cartilage?

A

semirigid, flexible but resilient, avascular

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5
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A

support soft tissues, articular surfaces for joints, provide a model for endochondral bone formation

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6
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

cells that produce cartilage matrix

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7
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

mature cartilage cells

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8
Q

Where are chondrocytes found?

A

lacunae

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9
Q

What is the extracellular matrix in cartilage?

A

protein fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance

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10
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the kinds of cartilage?

A

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

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12
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

costal cartilage, nose, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, fetal skeleton, respiratory system

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13
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

flexible but resilient

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14
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

shock absorber, contains thick collagen fibers

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15
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee, articular discs of jaw

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16
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

provides flexibility, contains elastic fibers

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17
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

epiglottis and external ear

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18
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

closes the lungs when we swallow

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19
Q

What is bone?

A

Osseous connective tissue

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20
Q

What are the bone cells?

A

osteocytes

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21
Q

What is the organic component of the bone matrix called?

A

osteoid

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22
Q

What is the organic component of the bone matrix made of?

A

collagen and other proteins

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23
Q

What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix called?

A

hydroxyapatite

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24
Q

What is the inorganic component of the bone matrix made of?

A

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

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25
What are the functions of bone?
support the body, protect vital organs, facilitate movement
26
What is hematopoiesis?
red bone marrow
27
What kind of tissue is yellow bone marrow?
adipose tissue
28
What are the long bones?
humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals
29
What are the short bones?
carpals, tarsals
30
What are the flat bones?
skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs
31
What are the irregular bones?
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, os coxae, ethmoid, sphenoid
32
What are the sesamoid bones?
patella, small bones found in the tendons associated with feet and hands
33
What is the periosteum?
connective tissue that connects to the bone
34
What type of tissue is the periosteum?
dense irregular connective tissue
35
What is compact bone?
lined by periosteum; composed of osteons
36
What is spongy bone?
lined by endosteum; often contains red bone marrow
37
What is spongy bone composed of?
trabeculae
38
What is another name for spongy bone?
cancellous bone
39
What is another name for compact bone?
cortical bone
40
What is the diaphysis?
the shaft of the bone
41
What is the epiphysis?
the end of the bone
42
What is the metaphysis?
between the end of the bone and the shaft of the bone
43
What is the epiphyseal plate or line?
growth plate
44
What is the apophysis?
bony outgrowth that serves as an attachment site for ligaments or tendons
45
What is the articular cartilage?
helps with movement; end of the bone where it attaches to another
46
What is the medullary cavity?
very inside of the bone; contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in children
47
What is the endosteum?
layer of cells lining the spongy bone and medullary cavity
48
How do bones grow?
from the inside out
49
What do osteoblasts do?
form bone matrix
50
What is an osteogenic cell?
stem cell
51
What is an osteoclast?
resorbs bone; eats up old bone
52
What is an osteon?
circular unit in compact bone
53
Where are osteons found?
compact bone
54
What are lamellae?
a single circle in an osteon
55
What is the central canal?
goes up through the middle of an osteon
56
What is the perforating canal?
goes sideways through bone and connects to a central canal
57
What are osteocytes?
have legs that come off of it and are found around the lacunae
58
What are canaliculi in compact bone?
small canals that connect osteocytes
59
What are trabeculae in spongy bone?
crisscrossing beams and plates
60
What are canaliculi in spongy bone?
in-between the lamellae where vessels can go through
61
Where are osteoblasts in spongy bone?
outside the whole circular unit
62
What is responsible for trabecular remodeling?
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
63
What is ossification?
formation of bones
64
What are the types of ossification?
intramembranous and endochondral
65
What is intramembranous ossification?
bone growth within a membrane
66
What does intramembranous ossification form?
flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, mandible, clavicle
67
What is endochondral ossification?
bone growth within cartilage
68
What does endochondral ossification form?
most bones
69
What does endochondral ossification do?
turns fetal framework of hyaline cartilage into bone
70
Where does primary ossification occur?
center of cartilage which becomes the diaphysis
71
Where does secondary ossification form?
in the epiphyses
72
What is the end result of endochondral ossification?
bone replaces cartilage, except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
73
What cartilage doesn't get replaced by bone?
articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
74
What is interstitial growth?
bone gets longer
75
Where does interstitial growth happen?
epiphyseal plates
76
What is appositional growth?
bone gets wider
77
Where does appositional growth happen?
periosteum and endosteum
78
What is osteomalacia?
low bone density caused by vitamin D or calcium deficiency; soft and weak bones, bowed legs

Anatomy (22 decks)

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