Cognition and Memory Flashcards
What type of memory is explicit?
Declarative
Where is declarative memory located?
Medial temporal lobe
Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex
(Diencephalon)
Describe procedural memory?
Implicit memory that includes learned skills and behaviours which are inaccessible to the conciousness
Where is procedural memory located?
Skills and habits - Striatum
Skeletal musculature - Cerebellum
Emotional responses - Amygdala
Describe short-term memory?
Limited capacity
Needs continuous rehearsal (this lol)
Found in multiple brain areas
Describe retrograde amnesia?
Loss of memory from events before the trauma
Describe anterograde amnesia?
Loss of memory from events after the trauma
Lesions of the medial temporal lobe will affect which type of memory? What are the resulting symptoms? What are the key sites of typical damage?
Declarative (long term more affected)
Anterograde amnesia
Key site = Entorinhal cortex
What two types of memory is the hippocampus crucial for?
Spatial memory (hippocampal place cells) Associative learning
Describe Kluver-Bucy syndrome and where is the disorder location?
Fronto-temporal dementia with classical symptom of hyperphagia
Damage to the amygdala
Describe Korsakov’s syndrome? How is it caused? Where is the disorder location?
Marked anterograde and retrograde amnesia with confabulations
Caused by thyamin deficiency secondary to chronic XS alcohol and malnutrition
Lesion in the mamillary bodies and the dorsomedial thalamus
Describe Parkinson’s disease and what type of memory does it affect?
Procedural memory affected only
Degeneration of the substantia nigra (decreased dopamine input into the striatum)
What causes primary dementias?
Protein deposits that lead to neuronal death
Describe Alzheimers disease?
Degeneration of the temporal lobe via neurofibillary plaques and tangles
Seen first in the rhinal cortex
Which cerebral artery lesion would affect procedural memory function?
Posterior cerebral artery
What type of dementia is Huntingtons?
Subcorticle
Name the six features examined during a test of cognition?
Orientation Attention Memory Visual (sensory) recognition General intelligence Replication of motor commands
Name three types of specialised tests for cognition?
Structural MRI
Functional MRI
PET scan
What functions does the frontal lobe control?
Executive functioning
Motor control
Attention
What functions does the parietal lobe control?
Multi-model sensory integration
Special orientation
What functions does the temporal lobe control?
Hearing
Memory
Perceptual organisation
Emotions
What functions does the occipital lobe control?
Visual perception
Damage to which region of the brain may lead to prospagnosia?
Lower temporal lobe
