The parietal and occipital bones are made up of which embryological tissue?
Paraxial mesoderm
Frontal, temporal, sphenoid, maxilla and mandibular bones are made up of which embryological tissue?
Neural crest cells
The laryngeals are made up of which embryological tissue?
Lateral plate mesoderm
Which embryological tissue forms the pharyngeal arch cores?
Paraxial mesoderm
How many pharyngeal arches are there?
Five - 1,2,3,4,6 - 5 obliterates
Where are pharyngeal pouches found?
Inside
Where are pharyngeal clefts found?
outside
What embryological tissue forms the pharyngeal clefts?
Ectoderm
What embryological tissue forms the pharyngeal pouches?
Endoderm
What skeletal structures does A1 form?
Bones of the middle ear and meckle’s cartilage (mandible)
What skeletal structures does A2 form?
Styloid and styloid process
What skeletal structures does A3 form?
Hyoid bone
What skeletal structures does A4 and A6 form?
The neck cartilages (cricoid and thyroid)
What is the cranial nerve innervation for A1?
Trigeminal V - V1/V2/V3
What is the cranial nerve innervation for A2?
CN VII - Facial
What is the cranial nerve innervation for A3?
CN XI - Glossopharyngeal
What is the cranial nerve innervation for A4?
CN X - Superior laryngeal branch
What is the cranial nerve innervation for A6?
CN X - Recurrent laryngeal branch
Which pharyngeal arch arteries form the brachiocephalic trunk?
Right 4 and 6
Which pharyngeal arch arteries form the ascending aorta?
Left 4
Which pharyngeal arch arteries form the pulmonary trunk?
Left 6
Which pharyngeal arch arteries form the left common carotid?
Left 3
What is the fate of pharyngeal arch 1?
Splits in to the mandible and maxilla
What is the fate of pharyngeal pouch 1?
Tympanic cavity and auditory tube
What is the fate of pharyngeal membrane 1?
Tympanic membrane
What is the fate of pharyngeal cleft 1?
External auditory meatus
What is the fate of pharyngeal pouch 2?
Palatine tonsil
What is the fate of pharyngeal pouch 3?
Thymus and inferior parathyroid gland
What is the fate of pharyngeal pouch 4?
Superior parathyroid gland
Failure of obliteration of the Pharyngeal clefts 2/3/4 can lead to which condition forming within the cervical sinus?
Branchial cyst
Failure of fusion between the mandibular and maxillary processes can lead to which condition?
Cleft lip
Failure of fusion between the left and right palatal processes and the primary palate can lead to which condition?
Cleft palate
