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Medicine Sem 2 > COM 2 Anatomy week 5 > Flashcards

COM 2 Anatomy week 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the divisions of the cerebrum

A

Diencephalon
Telencephalon

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2
Q

What does the diencephalon contain

A
  • Third ventrice and its surrounding strucures
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3
Q

Where does the diencephalon extend :
Anteriorly and posteriorly to

A

Anteriorly- Interventricular foramina
Posteriorly- Cerebral aqueduct

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4
Q

Which surface of the diencephalon is the only part visible

A

Inferior surface

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5
Q

What is the inferior surface of the diencephalon formed by+ e.g

A
  • Hypthalamic and nearby structure:
    -Optic chiasma
    -Optic tracts
    -Infundibulum
    -Mammillary bodies
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6
Q

What is the superior surface of the diencephalon hidden by

A

Fornix

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7
Q

What is the superior wall of the diencephlon + what is it composed of

A
  • The roof of the third ventricle
    -Composed of :
    -Ependyma
    -Tela choroidea
    -Choroid plexuses
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8
Q

WHt is the lateral surface of the Diencephlon bounded by

A

Internal capsule

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9
Q

What does the lateral surface of the diencephalon contain

A
  • Nerve fibers connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem and spinal cord
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10
Q

What does the medial surface of the diencephalon form

A

Lateral wall of the 3rd ventrcile

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11
Q

What is the medial part of the diencephlon composed of+ divided by

A

Superior part- medial surface of the thalamus
-Inferiro part - hypothalamus
- Divided by hypothalamic sulcus

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12
Q

What structure is along the superior margin of the diencephalon on the medial surface

A
  • Stria medullaris thalami
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13
Q

Name the 4 parts of the diencephalon

A
  • Thalamus
    -Subthalamus
    -Epithalamus
    -Hypothalamus
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14
Q

What is the thalamus

A

Large ovoid mass of gray matter

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15
Q

What is the thalamus a major component of

A

Dienceohalon

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16
Q

What does the thalamus act as

A

Relay for all major sensory systems except the olfactory pathway

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17
Q

What is the thalamus involved in

A

Integration and relay of sensory information

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18
Q

Where is the thalamus located

A

On each side of the 3rd ventricle

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19
Q

What does th anterior end of the thalamus form

A

Posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen

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20
Q

What does the posterior end of the thalamus expand into

A

Pulvinar

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21
Q

On the superior surface of the thalamus what is it covered by :
-Medially
Lateallly

A

Medially - Tela choroidea and fornix
Laterally- ependymal lining

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22
Q

What is the interior surface of the thalamus continous with

A

Tegmentum of the midbrain

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23
Q

What does the internal structure of the thalamus contain

A

Nuclei that relay and integrate sensory information

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24
Q

Where is the subthalamus located

A

Below the thalamus

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25
Where is the subthalamus located between
Thalamus (above) - Tementyum of the midbrain
26
What is the subthalamus craniomedially related to
HypoThalamus
27
What does the subthalamus contain e.g
Contains important collections of nerve cells including: -Cranial ends of the red nuclei -Substantia nigra
28
Name the 3 major ascending tracts the subthalamus contains
Medial lemniscus Spinal lemniscus Trigeminal lemniscus
29
Explain the shape of the subthalamus nucleus + function in the subthalamus -what is it connected to+ involved in
Shape: biconvex lens Function:Connected to the corpus striatum + involved in muscle activity
30
What does the epithalamus consist of
Habenular nuclei Pineal gland
31
What is the habenular nuclei + locations
Small group of neruons located medial to the posteriro surface of the thalamus
32
WHere are the affernet inputs to the habenular nuclei from
Amygdaloid nucleus via stria medullaris thalami Hippocampal function via fornix
33
Where are the efferent outpts from the habenular nuclei going to
-To interpeduncular nucleus -Tectum, thalamus and reticular formation of the midbrain
34
What is the function of the habenular nuclei- WHt does it integrate
iT intergrates olfactory, visual and somatic efferent pathways
35
What is sthe structure of the pineal gland + location
- Small, conical gland projecting backwards -Posterior to the midbrain
36
What is the pineal gland attched to + by what
- Attched to the diencephalon by the pineal stalk
37
What does the pineal stalk contsin: -superior+ inferior part
superio: habenular commissure inferior: posterior commisure
38
WHAT is the pineal gland divided into+ by what+ E.g
Lobules by connective tissue septa: - Pinealocytes -Glial cells
39
What does the pineal gland contain
Calcified concretions known as brain sand
40
Explain the innervation fo the pineal gland : -What it dosent contain -what its supplied by
- No intrinstic nerve cells -Supplied by adrenergic sympathetic fibers from superiro cervical ganglion
41
-What is the main role of the pineal gland -what does it rpoduces -Where does secretions enter + why
- Endocrine role -Produces melatonin and other secretiosn via pinealocytes -Secretiosn enter bloodtsream or CSF BCS no bloos brain barrier
42
Explsin the other main actions of the pineal gland
-Inhibitory on other endocrine glands: -Pituitary -Pancreas -Parathyroids -Adrenal cortex and medulla -Gonads
43
When is the pineal gland most active
During darkness
44
Where is melatonin present
In high concentratiosn within the pineal gland
45
Where is melatonin released
- Into blood and CSF of the third ventricle
46
Where does melatonin travel to + what does it do
Anterior pituitary and inhibits gonadotrophic hormone release
47
Explain the levels of melatonin in : -Darkness -Light
Icreases in darkness Decreases in light
48
Where does the hypothalamus extend from and to
From- Optic chiasm To caudal border of mamillary bodies
49
Where is the hypothalmus positioned
- Below the hypothalamic sulcus
50
What is the size of the hypothalamus
Small
51
WHt is the hypothalamus composed of
- Small nerve cells group into nuclei
52
explain the superior (above) + inferolateral(below to the sides)+ Anterior (infront) + posterior (behind hypothaamus) anatomical relations of the hypothalamus
Superio- Thalamus Inferolateral- subthalamic region Anterior- Preoptic area Posterior- Tegmentum of the midbrain
53
Name the structures visible from the base of the brain
- Optic chiasma -Tuber cinereum and infundibulum -Mammillary bodies
54
Name the 2 different functional roles of the hypothalamus
- Integrative role -Vital for homeostasis
55
Explaun the intergrative role of the hypothalamus - What does it control + intergrate
Controls and integrates ANS + Endocrine system
56
Explain hypothalamus's functional role of being vital for homeostasis: - what does it regulate
Regulate: - Body temperature -Body fluids -Hunger and thirst -Sexual and behaviour -Emotions
57
What is the hypothalamus connected to
-Limbic system -Thalamus -Ascending and descending tracts -Pituitary gland( hypophysis)
58
What is the Tuber cinereum
Convex mass of gray matter
59
What is the tuber cinereum inferiroly continosu with
- Infundibulum
60
What is the structure of the infundibulum
Hollow
61
What is the median eminence a raised part of
Raised part of the tuber cinereum
62
What is the neurohypophysis composition formed by
- Median eminence -Infundibulum -Posterior lobe of the hypophysis cerebri
63
What is the structure of the optic chiasm
A flattened bundle of nerve fibers
64
Where is the optic chiasm located
- Located at the junction of the anterior wall and floor of 3rd ventricle
65
Explain the Optic chiasm: what the superior surface is attacthed to + What the inferiro surface is related to
Superio surface- attacthed to the lamine terminalis Inferior surface related to the hypophysis cerebri
66
In the Optic chiasm what is the : -Anterolateral corners -Posterolateral corners continous with
Anterolateral- Optic nerves Posterolateral- Optic tracts
67
What is the structure of the mamillary bodie
2 small hemispherical bodies
68
What does the internal part of the mamillayr bodes contai
Cnetral core of gray matter
69
What is the third ventrice derived from
Forebrain vesicle
70
Where is the third ventricle located between
Between the 2 thalami
71
Anteriorly, what does the third ventricle communicate with + Posteriorly + via what
- A- Later ventricles via the interventricular foramen P- Fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct
72
Name the wall sof the 3rd ventrice
- Anterior posteiror lateral superior inferior
73
What is the anteriro wall of the 3rd ventricle formed by
Lamina terminalis
74
What is the posterior wall of the 3rd ventricle formed by
By the opening into the cerebral aqueduct
75
What is the : -superior -Inferior part of the later wall OF THE 3RD ventricle formed by
Superior- Medial surface of the thalamus -Inferiro - Hypothalamus
76
What is teh superior wall of the 3rd ventricle fored by
- Fornix and choroid plexus
77
What is the inferior wall of the 3rd ventricle formed by
Optic chiasm, infundibulum Mamillary bodies

Medicine Sem 2 (71 decks)

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