CONJUNCTIONS - Greek Flashcards
List
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Called coordinators, are conjunctions that join, or coordinate, two or more items (such as words, main clauses, or sentences) of equal syntactic importance.
Coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join, or coordinate, two or more items (such as words, main clauses, or sentences) of equal syntactic importance. In English, the mnemonic acronym FANBOYS can be used to remember the coordinators for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.[4] These are not the only coordinating conjunctions; various others are used, including[5]:ch. 9[6]:p. 171 “and nor” (British), “but nor” (British), “or nor”[dubious – discuss] (British), “neither” (“They don’t gamble, neither do they smoke”), “no more” (“They don’t gamble, no more do they smoke”), and “only” (“I would go, only I don’t have time”). Types of coordinating conjunctions include cumulative conjunctions, adversative conjunctions, alternative conjunctions, and illative conjunctions.
Here are some examples of coordinating conjunctions in English and what they do:
For – an illative (i.e. inferential), presents rationale (“They do not gamble or smoke, for they are ascetics.”)
And – a cumulative, adds non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s) (“They gamble, and they smoke.”)
Nor – presents an alternative non-contrasting (also negative) idea (“They do not gamble, nor do they smoke.”)
But – an adversative, presents a contrast or exception (“They gamble, but they don’t smoke.”)
Or – presents an alternative non-contrasting item or idea (“Every day they gamble, or they smoke.”)
Yet – an adversative, presents a strong contrast or exception (“They gamble, yet they don’t smoke.”)
So – an illative (i.e. inferential), presents a consequence (“He gambled well last night, so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.”)
The illative case (abbreviated ill; from Latin illatus “brought in”)
It is one of the locative cases, and has the basic meaning of “into (the inside of)”.
Only and, or, nor are actual coordinating logical operators connecting atomic propositions or syntactic multiple units of the same type (subject, objects, predicative, attributive expressions, etc.) within a sentence. The cause and consequence (illative) conjunctions are pseudocoordinators, being expressible as antecedent or consequent to logical implications or grammatically as subordinate conditional clauses.
Correlative conjunctions Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence. There are many different pairs of correlative conjunctions: either...or not only...but (also) neither...nor both...and whether...or just as...so the...the as...as as much...as no sooner...than rather...than not...but rather
Examples:
You either do your work or prepare for a trip to the office. (Either do or prepare)
He is not only handsome but also brilliant. (Not only A but also B)
Neither the basketball team nor the football team is doing well.
Both the cross country team and the swimming team are doing well.
You must decide whether you stay or you go.
Just as many Americans love basketball, so many Canadians love ice hockey.
The more you practice dribbling, the better you will be at it.
Football is as fast as hockey (is (fast)).
Football is as much an addiction as it is a sport.
No sooner did she learn to ski than the snow began to thaw.
I would rather swim than surf.
He donated money not to those in need, but rather to those who would benefit him.
List
Sequential Conjunctions of Time
Examples:
after - We’ll do that after you do this.
as long as - That’s fine as long as you agree to our conditions.
as soon as - We’ll get to that as soon as we finish this.
by the time - He had left by the time you arrived.
long before - We’ll be gone long before you arrive.
now that - We can get going now that they have left.
once - We’ll have less to worry about once the boss leaves.
since - We haven’t been able to upload our work since the network went down.
till - Please hold on till the server reboots.
until - We are waiting until you send us the confirmation.
when - They can do what they want when they want.
whenever - There is a good chance of rain whenever there are clouds in the sky.
while - I really appreciate you waiting while I finish up.
ἵνα
THAT - SO THAT - IN ORDER THAT
In order that,
So that.
He did this so that will follow.
He gave him bread in order that he will not go hungry.
__________________________________
ῐ̔́νᾰ • (hína)
Subordinating conjunction
final, introducing a subordinate clause expressing a purpose: in order that, so that, so
introducing a clause of effort, indicating what someone is trying to accomplish: that
(usually poetic) where.
____________________________________
Descendants.
Greek: να (na)
να • (na)
Particle
Expressing a wish, hope or desired State.
(“May I… can I?”)
added before the dependent or present verb forms to form the different subjunctive moods, serving a variety of different clausal functions and to express imperatives, wishes or hypotheticals:
Μπορώ να έχω… ― Can I have… May I have.
Θέλω να φύγω. ― I want to leave.
Να μείνω ή να φύγω; ― Should I stay or should I go?
Δεν θέλω να τον βλέπω. ― I don’t want to be seeing him.
Δεν έχω όρεξη να κάθομαι εκεί επί ώρες. ― I’m not in the mood to be sitting there for hours.
Να προσέχεις τον εαυτό σου. ― Take care of yourself.
Να ‘χεις το νου σου. ― Be aware/be on the lookout.
Να είχαμε πέντε λεπτά ακόμα. ― If only we had five more minutes.
used after the neuter definite article and before the second person singular of the present tense, it converts the clause to a noun phrase with the function of gerund:
Το να κλέβεις τις ιδέες ενός είναι “λογοκλοπή”, το να κλέβεις τις ιδέες πολλών είναι “επιστημονική έρευνα”. ― Stealing ideas from one person is “plagiarism”, stealing from many is “research”.
επιστημονική έρευνα (scientific method)
_____________________________________
ορίστε • (oríste)
Interjection
(sometimes sarcastic) here’s, there’s, here you are, here you go, there you are, there you go (said when you hand something over to someone)
Που είναι το παλτό μου; Ορίστε! ― Pou eínai to paltó mou? Oríste! ― Where’s my coat? Here you are!
Ορίστε το αμάξι σας, σαν καινούργιο! ― Oríste to amáxi sas, san kainoúrgio! ― Here’s your car, it’s like new!
Ορίστε πώς κατάντησε αυτός. ― Oríste pós katántise aftós. ― There’s how he ended up.
yes? (said when someone is addressing you, to whom you owe respect)
Κύριε Γιάννη; Ορίστε! ― Kýrie Giánni? Oríste! ― Mr Yianni? Yes?
yes?, go ahead (said when asking someone to do something or say something)
Ορίστε, σας ακούω. ― Oríste, sas akoúo. ― Go ahead, I can hear you.
Ορίστε, τι θέλετε; ― Oríste, ti thélete? ― Yes, what do you want?
hello?, hi (said on answering the telephone)
Ορίστε, ποιος είναι; ― Oríste, poios eínai? ― Hello, who is it?
pardon?, excuse me?, sorry? (said on requesting someone to repeat due to not having heard them)
Ορίστε, τι είπατε; ― Oríste, ti eípate? ― Sorry, what was that?
pardon?, excuse me?, sorry? (said on hearing something shocking or confusing)
Ορίστε; Συμβαίνουν όντως τέτοια πράγματα; ― Oríste? Symvaínoun óntos tétoia prágmata? ― Excuse me!? Do such things really happen!?
Synonyms Edit
(here’s, there’s): να (na)
(when someone is addressing you, to whom you owe respect): μάλιστα (málista), παρακαλώ (parakaló)
(on answering the telephone): εμπρός (emprós), παρακαλώ (parakaló)
ορίστε • (oríste)
As a verb
2nd person plural perfective imperative form of ορίζω (orízo).
ορίζω • (orízo) active (simple past όρισα, passive ορίζομαι) As a verb define, designate decide arrive, reach καλώς ορίσατε (welcome!)
αδιοριστία f (adioristía, “nonappointment”)
αδιόριστος (adióristos, “not appointed”)
ακαθοριστία f (akathoristía)
ακαθόριστος (akathóristos, “vague, indeterminate”)
αοριστία f (aoristía)
αοριστικός (aoristikós)
αοριστολογία f (aoristología)
αοριστολογώ (aoristologó)
αόριστος (aóristos, “vague, (grammar): past tense”)
απεριόριστος (aperióristos, “unlinmited”)
απροσδιοριστία (aprosdioristía)
ορίζοντας m (orízontas, “horizon”)
οριζόντιος (orizóntios, “horizontal”)
οριζοντιώνω (orizontióno)
οριζοντίωση (orizontíosi)
ορίζουσα (orízousa) (mathematics)
ορισμένος (orisménos, “determined”, participle)
ορίστε (oríste, “here you are!”)
οριστική f (oristikí, “indicative mood”) (grammar)
οριστικός (oristikós, “final, definite”)
υποορισμός m (ypoorismós)
Compounds of the verb: (and see their derivatives)
αυτοεξορίζομαι (aftoexorízomai) αυτοπεριορίζομαι (aftoperiorízomai) αφορίζω (aforízo, “excommunicate”) διαφορίζω (diaforízo) (mathematics) διορίζω (diorízo, “appoint”) εξορίζω (exorízo, “exile”) επαναπροσδιορίζω (epanaprosdiorízo) καθορίζω (kathorízo, “determine”) καλωσορίζω (kalosorízo, “welcome”) περιορίζω (periorízo) προκαθορίζω (prokathorízo, “determine beforehand”) προορίζω (proorízo) προσδιορίζω (prosdiorízo, “confine”) οριζόντιο δοκάρι n (orizóntio dokári, “crossbar”) οριζόντια (orizóntia, “horizontally”) οριστικός (oristikós, “definite”)
αδιοριστία • (adioristía) f (uncountable)
Noun
nonappointment
η αδιοριστία νέων εκπαιδευτικών ― i adioristía néon ekpaideftikón ― the nonappointment of new teachers.
αδιόριστος • (adióristos) m (feminine αδιόριστη, neuter αδιόριστο)
Adjective
nonappointed, not appointed, unappointed.
ακαθόριστος • (akathóristos) m (feminine ακαθόριστη, neuter ακαθόριστο) Adjective vague, uncertain indeterminate blurred, amorphous indefinable.
ακαθάριστος • (akatháristos) m (feminine ακαθάριστη, neuter ακαθάριστο) Adjective unclean, not cleaned, unwashed gross unweeded, unpeeled, etc. καθαρός • (katharós) m (feminine καθαρή, neuter καθαρό) Adjective clean, pure, clear (Judaism) kosher (music) perfect (as in perfect fourth)
αόριστος • (aóristos) m (feminine αόριστη, neuter αόριστο)
Adjective
vague
(grammar) indefinite
(grammar) preterite.
From ἀ- (a-, “not”) + ὁρῐστός (horistós, “limited”)
ᾰ̓όρῐστος • (aóristos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓όρῐστον); second declension
Adjective
indefinite, indeterminate
without boundaries, debatable
the phrase ὁ ἀόριστος (χρόνος) (ho aóristos (khrónos)): the aorist tense.
απεριόριστος • (aperióristos) m (feminine απεριόριστη, neuter απεριόριστο)
Adjective
unlimited, unconstrained.
περιοριστικός • (perioristikós) m (feminine περιοριστική, neuter περιοριστικό)
Adjective
restrictive, limited, constrained.
ορίζοντας • (orízontas) m
As a noun
(“horizon”)
ορίζοντας • (orízontas) (indeclinable)
As a participle.
Present participle of ορίζω (orízo): defining.
From Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn) (ὁρίζων κύκλος, demarcating cycle)
οριζόντιος • (orizóntios) m (feminine οριζόντια or οριζόντιος, neuter οριζόντιο)
Adjective
(“horizontal”)
ορίζουσα • (orízousa)
Noun
(mathematics) determinant.
οριστική • (oristikí) f (plural οριστικές)
As a noun
(grammar) indicative mood.
οριστική • (oristikí)
As an Adjective
Nominative, accusative and vocative singular feminine form of οριστικός (oristikós).
οριστικός • (oristikós) m (feminine οριστική, neuter οριστικό) Adjective final, in a final stage (grammar) definite Antonym: αόριστος (aóristos)
ορισμός • (orismós) m (plural ορισμοί) Noun definition (the process of defining) (lexicography) definition, designation (crossword) clue, definition. ὁρῐσμός • (horismós) m (genitive ὁρῐσμοῦ); second declension Noun marking out by boundaries, limitation (lexicography) definition. From ὁρίζω (horízō) + -μός (abstract nouns). -ισμός (abstract nouns).
ὁρίζω • (horízō) Verb I divide, separate from. I separate. I delimit. I bound. I pass between or through. I part, divide. I mark out. I trace as a boundary. I ordain, determine, lay down. I define a thing. (middle) I mark out for myself. I determine for myself. I define a thing. (intransitive) I border upon. (Attic law) I have marked with ὅροι (hóroi). From ὅρος (“boundary, border”) + -ίζω (verb).
ὅρος • (hóros) m (genitive ὅρου); second declension
Noun
boundary, limit, frontier, landmark
marking stones, stones used for inscribing legal contracts
the broad wooden piece serving as the upper part of an oil/wine press
rule, standard
term, definition
goal, end, aim.
From Latin - urvō (present infinitive urvāre); first conjugation, no passive, no perfect or supine stem
Verb
(intransitive) I trace (especially, the walls surrounding a new settlement)
αφορίζω • (aforízo) (simple past αφόρισα, passive αφορίζομαι)
Verb
(Christianity) excommunicate.
(excommunicate): αναθεματίζω (“to curse, to excommunicate”)
αφορισμένος (participle)
αφορεσμένος (aforesménos) (vernacular)
αφορισμός m (“excommunication; aphorism”)
αφοριστικός (aforistikós)
διορίζω • (diorízo) (simple past διόρισα, passive διορίζομαι)
Verb
appoint, designate, name.
εξορίζω • (exorízo) (simple past εξόρισα, passive εξορίζομαι)
Verb
exile, banish.
εξορία f (noun- “exile”)
εξόριστος (adjective - “exiled”)
εξόριστος - m (adjective - “exiled person”)
εξόριστη - f (adjective - “exiled person”)
εξορία • (exoría) f (plural εξορίες)
Noun
the state of exile or banishment.
καλωσορίζω • (kalosorízo)
simple past - καλωσόρισα, passive.
Verb
welcome (a person).
καλωσόρισμα • (kalosórisma) n
plural - καλωσορίσματα
Noun
("That which is welcomed")
Synonym
ῠ̔ποδοχή • (hupodokhḗ) f (genitive ῠ̔ποδοχῆς); first declension
("reception, welcoming, hospitality")
From ὑποδέχομαι (“to welcome”) + -η (verbal noun suffix).
περιορίζω • (periorízo) (simple past περιόρισα, passive περιορίζομαι)
Verb
(transitive) confine, restrict, curb
Το υπουργείο επιθυμεί να περιορίσει την άνοδο του πληθωρισμού.
To ypourgeío epithymeí na periorísei tin ánodo tou plithorismoú.
The ministry wishes to restrict the rise in inflation.
(transitive) limit
(transitive) restrain.
έγκλιση f (égklisi, “grammatical mood”)
προστακτική f (prostaktikí, “imperative mood”)
υποτακτική f (ypotaktikí, “subjunctive mood”)
_____________________________________
καθαρός • (katharós) m (feminine καθαρή, neuter καθαρό) Adjective clean, pure, clear (Judaism) kosher (music) perfect (as in perfect fourth)
αεροκαθαριστήρας m (aerokatharistíras, “airfilter”)
Καθαρά Δευτέρα f (Kathará Deftéra, “Clean Monday”)
καθαρεύουσα f (katharévousa, “Katharevousa”)
κάθαρμα n (kátharma, “scum”)
κάθαρση f (kátharsi, “catharsis, purification”)
καθαρίζω (katharízo, “to clean”)
καθαρίστρια f (katharístria, “cleaner”)
καθαρισμός m (katharismós, “purification”)
καθαριστής m (katharistís, “cleaner”)
καθαριστήρας m (katharistíras, “wiper”)
καθαριότητα f (kathariótita, “cleanliness”)
καθαρτήριος (kathartírios, “purging, laxative”)
καθαρτικό n (kathartikó, “laxative”)
καθαρτικός (kathartikós, “cleansing, laxative”)
ακαθαρσία f (akatharsía, “excreta, dirt”)
ακάθαρτος (akáthartos, “dirty, polluted”)
καὶ
AND
In addition to but of the same class or type.
1 : and others or more of the same or similar kind
2 : further in the same or similar manner
3 : and the rest
4 : and other things
and
even, also
both … and …
(when used in the construction καί … καί …)
From earlier *kahi ← *kasi (still seen in κασίγνητος (kasígnētos, “brother”)) ← *kati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱóm (“with”). Compare Hittite [script needed] (kat-ti, “along with”).
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷokʷe, from *kʷos + *-kʷe, equivalent to πο- (po-) + τε (te). See its indefinite form ποτέ (poté).
Proto-Indo-European/kʷís *kʷís who, what (interrogative) who, which, that (relative) Proto-Indo-European/kʷos *kʷos which, what
ἀλλ
ἀλλά
BUT
except
But, on the other hand.
But, on the contrary.
He would have, but he didn’t because…
δὲ
δ’
ALSO - HOWEVER
ON THE OTHER HAND…
IN ADDITION TO…
IN ADDITION AND OPPOSED TO…
IN ADDITION AND CONTRARY TO…
ON TOP OF THAT…
BUT IN OPPOSITION TO THAT…
FOLLOWING FROM THAT…
A primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and, etc. – also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
on the other hand
But, if we are comparing the opposite…
moreover
indeed now . . . , on top of this . . . , next . . .
Short Definition: but, on the other hand, and
Definition: a weak adversative particle, generally placed second in its clause; but, on the other hand, and.
1161 dé (a conjunction) – moreover, indeed now . . . , on top of this . . . , next . . .
universally, by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opposed to a preceding statement.
it opposes persons to persons or things against thing previously mentioned or thought of…
it serves to mark a transition to something new (δέ metabatic); by this use of the particle, the new addition is distinguished from and, as it were, opposed to what goes before.
it introduces explanations and separates them from the things to be explained.
it is joined to terms which are repeated with a certain emphasis, and with such additions as tend to explain and establish them more exactly; in this use of the particle we may supply a suppressed negative clause and give its force in English by inserting I say, and that, so then, etc.
it introduces the apodosis and, as it were, opposes it to the protasis.
δέ never stands as the first word in the sentence, but generally second; and when the words to which it is added cannot be separated, it stands third.
yea even if…
δέ
Part of Speech: Conjunction
Transliteration: de
Phonetic Spelling: (deh)
Definition: but, and, now, (a connective or adversative particle)
Usage: a weak adversative particle, generally placed second in its clause; but, on the other hand, and.
after (2), also (2), another* (8), even (4), even though (1), former* (1), however (6), moreover (1), moreover* (1), nevertheless (1), now (267), or (6), other (1), other hand (4), others* (3), partly (1), rather (1), so (12), suppose* (1), then (6), therefore (1), though (1), what (1), when (3), whereas (2), yes (1), yet (25).
universally, by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opposed to a preceding statement:
it opposes persons to persons or things previously mentioned or thought of — either with strong emphasis.
it is joined to terms which are repeated with a certain emphasis, and with such additions as tend to explain and establish them more exactly; in this use of the particle we may supply a suppressed negative clause and give its force in English by inserting I say, and that, so then.
it serves to mark a transition to something new (δέ metabatic); by this use of the particle, the new addition is distinguished from and, as it were, opposed to what goes before.
it introduces the apodosis and, as it were, opposes it to the protasis:
δέ never stands as the first word in the sentence, but generally second; and when the words to which it is added cannot be separated, it stands third.
οὐδὲ
οὐδ
NEITHER - NOR
οὐδὲ, οὐδ
If not “A” then not “B”
neither, nor, not even, and not.
moreover not, neither indeed, not even, nor even.
NO - NOT - NONE - NOTHING
όχι, δεν, μη, κενώ, τίποτα
Greek - όχι
no, stop, I will not.
Latin - nihil, null
No, not, none, nothing.
δεν
Not that.
μη
non-
οὐ
not
Adv
οὐδεὶς
no one
Adj-NMS
οὔπω
Not yet
Adv
Οὐκ
Not
τίποτα
nothing
not anything; no single thing.
No big deal. No worries.
κενώ, κενός
blank, void, vacant, devoid, inane, vacuous.
άκυρος
invalid, void, null and void, null, nugatory, vitiated.
ακυρώνω
cancel, void, annul, scrub, nullify, abrogate.
αδειανός
empty, void, unoccupied, vacant.
διαφωνώ
disagree, dissent.
εναντιώνομαι
be opposed to, object to.
αντιτάσσω
oppose
αντικρούω
from αντι- (“counter-”) + κρούω (“strike”).
contest, refute, rebut, controvert.
ανθίσταμαι
resisting, standing against, standing firm.
___________________________________________
no determiner 1. not any. "there is no excuse" exclamation 1. used to give a negative response. "“Is anything wrong?” “No.”" synonyms: no indeed, absolutely not, most certainly not, of course not, under no circumstances, by no means, not at all, negative, never, not really, no thanks; More adverb 1. not at all; to no extent. "they were no more able to perform the task than I was" 2. SCOTTISH not. "I'll no be a minute" noun 1. a negative answer or decision, as in voting. "he was unable to change his automatic yes to a no"
_________________________________________
NOT - NEGATION OF FACT
οὐ • (ou) (negative particle)
not (indicates negation)
οὐκ – before vowel with smooth breathing οὐχ – before vowel with rough breathing οὔ – pausal form οὐχί – Epic, Attic οὐκί – Epic, Ionic
οὐ is the indicative negator (i.e. of facts, statements), where μή (mḗ) is the subjunctive negator (i.e. of will, thought).
It usually immediately precedes the word (most often a verb) which it negates. Negative concord (also known as double negatives) is frequent in Ancient Greek.
Possibly οὐκί (oukí, “not so, never”),
from *ojukid, from Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷid (“not ever, not on your life”).
Compare Sanskrit उद् (ud),
Gothic 𐌿𐌳 (ud),
Old Armenian ոչ (očʿ).
_______________________________________
μή
οὐ
μή is the negative of thought or wish, but οὐ of objective statements of fact.
οὐ • (ou) (negative particle)
not (indicates negation)
Possibly οὐκί (oukí, “not so, never”), from *ojukid, from Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷid (“not ever, not on your life”). Compare Sanskrit उद् (ud), Gothic 𐌿𐌳 (ud), Old Armenian ոչ (očʿ).
οὐ is the indicative negator (i.e. of facts, statements), where μή (mḗ) is the subjunctive negator (i.e. of will, thought). It usually immediately precedes the word (most often a verb) which it negates. Negative concord (also known as double negatives) is frequent in Ancient Greek.
μή • (mḗ) (negative particle)
not (used in clauses expressing will or thought)
(with an imperative or subjunctive in negative commands)
(with an optative or past indicative, expressing a negative wish)
(in a question expecting a negative answer)
(in dependent clauses)
(with participle representing conditional clause)
(in warnings or statements of fear)
(in independent clauses) that … not; that.
Derived terms Edit μηδαμός (mēdamós) μηδαμοῦ (mēdamoû) μηδαμῇ (mēdamêi) μηδέ (mēdé) μηδείς (mēdeís) μηδέποτε (mēdépote) μηδέπω (mēdépō) μηδέτερος (mēdéteros) μηκέτι (mēkéti) μήπω (mḗpō) μήτις (mḗtis) μήτοι (mḗtoi) μῶν (môn)
ὅτι
SINCE THAT - SEEING AS - BECAUSE OF THAT
Introduces the reason that leads to the conclusion.
that, since, because, for
Not to be confused with ὅτε = when
Original Word: ὅτι Part of Speech: Conjunction Transliteration: hoti Phonetic Spelling: (hot'-ee) Short Definition: that, since, because Definition: that, since, because; may introduce direct discourse.
the substance or contents (of a statement), that.
and then
ὅτι simply introduces the reason, because…
It is added — to verbs of swearing, and to forms of oath and affirmation.
Added to the verb εἶναι, when that precedes with a demonstrative pronoun, in order to define more exactly what thing is or wherein it may be seen:
——————————-
ὅτι • (hóti)
subordinating conjunction
after verbs of perception and emotion, introducing a noun clause expressing a fact: that (with the same mood as the corresponding independent clause)
after verbs of perception, emotion, saying, or hearing, introducing an indirect statement: that (with indicative or optative)
introducing a causal clause expressing a reason: because, seeing that
(with a superlative) as much as possible
ὅτου
UNTIL - WHILE - DURING
AT THE SAME TIME AS… (While)
UP UNTIL THAT TIME… (Until)
DURING THE SAME TIME… (While)
When, which, while, until
Original Word: ὅτου Part of Speech: Relative Pronoun Transliteration: hotou Phonetic Spelling: (hot'-oo) Short Definition: until Definition: until.
For the genitive case of hostis (as adverb); during which same time, i.e. Whilst – whiles.
τε
BOTH - AND
AND - BOTH
AS WELL AS…
(after each item in a list) and
τε is usually considered to denote a weaker connection than καί (kaí). As an enclitic, it is placed after the word that it connects, or after the first word of a phrase that it connects.
Original Word: τέ
Part of Speech: Particle, Disjunctive Particle
Transliteration: te
Phonetic Spelling: (teh)
Short Definition: and, both
Definition: and, both.
HELPS Word-studies
5037 té (a conjunction) – "and both" ("both and"). 5037 /té ("and both") occurs 204 times in the NT and unfortunately is often not translated.
[When translated, 5037 (té) is usually rendered “and,” “both and,” or “and both.”]
τέ … καί, and τέ καί, not only … but also, as well … as, both … and; t
γάρ
FOR - INDEED - TRULY - THE FACT IS
FOR THE PURPOSE OF…
FOR THE REASON BEING…
Emphasis on the fact.
truly therefore
verily as the case stands.
for, the fact is, namely…
what then?
Original Word: γάρ Part of Speech: Conjunction Transliteration: gar Phonetic Spelling: (gar) Short Definition: for Definition: for.
1063 gár (a conjunction) – for. While “for” is usually the best translation of 1063 (gár), its sense is shaped by the preceding statement – the “A” statement which precedes the 1063 (gár) statement in the “A-B” unit.
used to express cause, explanation, inference or continuation.
_____________________________________
From Middle English for, from Old English for (“for, on account of, for the sake of, through, because of, owing to, from, by reason of, as to, in order to”), from Proto-Germanic *furi (“for”), from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-.
_____________________________________
GREEK
Ancient Greek περί (perí, “for, about, toward”)
περῐ́ • (perí) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)
Preposition
(+ genitive)
about, concerning, because of
(+ dative)
around, for, about
(+ accusative)
around (both in the circular sense and close proximity sense), near, about.
περ • (per) (most common in Epic and Lyric)
Intensifier
Enclitic particle that follows the word it modifies and adds force to it.
_____________________________________
SANSKRIT
Sanskrit परि (pári, “over, around”).
परि • (pári) Adverb around, round; about against, towards \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ LATIN
Latin per (“by, through, for, by means of”)
per (+ accusative)
Preposition
through, by means of
during
Latin - per Preposition for through in or on by with as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ GERMANIC
_____________________________________
OLD ENGLISH
_____________________________________
PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN
From Proto-Indo-European *peri.
*per-
Root
before, in front
first
οὖν
THEREFORE - THEN - SO
So, here is how the dots connect.
Therefore, in conclusion, this is what that means.
Original Word: οὖν Part of Speech: Conjunction Transliteration: oun Phonetic Spelling: (oon) Short Definition: therefore, then Definition: therefore, then. HELPS Word-studies 3767 oún (a conjunction) – therefore, now then, accordingly so. 3767 (oún) occurs 526 times in the NT and is typically translated "therefore" which means, "By extension, here's how the dots connect."
ἐάν
IF MAYBE THIS, THEN MAYBE THAT
If might this, then might that.
From εἰ + άν
εἰ = if άν = conditional possibility (may, might)
Original Word: ἐάν contraction from ei and an. Part of Speech: Conditional Particle Or Conjunction Transliteration: ean Phonetic Spelling: (eh-an') Short Definition: if Definition: if. HELPS Word-studies 1437 eán (a conjunction, derived from 1487 /ei, "if" and 302 /án, a particle showing a statement is conditional) – if, referring to a condition extending to its "spin-off" possibilities – i.e. that happen if the condition is actualized or is valid.
εἰ
Part of Speech: Conditional Particle Or Conjunction
Transliteration: ei
Phonetic Spelling: (i)
Short Definition: if
Definition: if.
1487 ei (a conditional conjunction) – if. 1487 /ei (followed by any verb) expresses “a condition, thought of as real, or to denote assumptions” (i.e. viewed as factual. for the sake of argument) (BAGD). Accordingly, 1487 (ei) should not be translated “since,” but rather always “if” – since the assumption may only be portrayed as valid (true, factual).
Part of Speech: Particle, Disjunctive Particle
Transliteration: an
Phonetic Spelling: (an)
Short Definition: an untranslatable word that makes a statement contingent
Definition: an untranslatable word (under the circumstances, in that case, anyhow), the general effect of which is to make a statement contingent, which would otherwise be definite: it is thus regularly used with the subjunctive mood.
ἄν
CONTINGENT - CONDITIONAL - WISH
May, maybe, might, possibly.
To make a statement contingent on another statement.
Part of Speech: Particle, Disjunctive Particle
Transliteration: an
Phonetic Spelling: (an)
Short Definition: an untranslatable word that makes a statement contingent
Definition: an untranslatable word (under the circumstances, in that case, anyhow), the general effect of which is to make a statement contingent, which would otherwise be definite: it is thus regularly used with the subjunctive mood.
εἰ
IF THIS IS TRUE, THEN THAT
FORASMUCH
“a condition, thought of as real, or to denote assumptions” (i.e. viewed as factual. for the sake of argument)
Original Word: εἰ Part of Speech: Conditional Particle Or Conjunction Transliteration: ei Phonetic Spelling: (i) Short Definition: if Definition: if. HELPS Word-studies 1487 ei (a conditional conjunction) – if. 1487 /ei (followed by any verb) expresses "a condition, thought of as real, or to denote assumptions" (i.e. viewed as factual. for the sake of argument) (BAGD). Accordingly, 1487 (ei) should not be translated "since," but rather always "if" – since the assumption may only be portrayed as valid (true, factual).
