ADJECTIVES - Greek Flashcards
LIST
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Greek_adjective_forms
κοντός
SHORT
κοντός • (kontós) m (feminine κοντή, neuter κοντό)
short (in height)
μικρό
μικρός
μικρή
μικρά
SMALL
μικρός • (mikrós) m (feminine μικρή or μικρά, neuter μικρό)
small, little
short (in length)
young
From Ancient Greek μῑκρός (mīkrós, “small, insignificant”).
Synonyms (little finger): see: μικρό δάχτυλο n (mikró dáchtylo) Coordinate terms αντίχειρας m (antícheiras, “thumb”) δείκτης m (deíktis, “forefinger”) μέσος m (mésos, “middle finger”) παράμεσος m (parámesos, “ring finger”)
μεγάλος
LARGE
μεγάλος • (megálos) m (feminine μεγάλη, neuter μεγάλο)
big, large, great (of greater than average size)
tall, high (of greater than average height)
big, great (of greater than average intensity)
long (of greater than average length of time)
μέγας
LARGE
μέγᾰς • (mégas) m (feminine μεγάλη, neuter μέγᾰ); first/second declension
big, large
great, mighty, loud
marvelous, awesome
From conflation of
Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“great”)
with its derivative *meǵh₂los (“great”).
Cognates include …
Sanskrit मह (mahá, “great, mighty, strong, abundant”),
Latin magnus
Old English micel (English much).
Middle Persian ms (meh, “great”) (< *mas), (Persian مه (mih)),
Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰- (maz-, “large”),
Tocharian B māka (“large”),
Hittite [script needed] (mēkkis, “much, many, numerous”),
Old Armenian մեծ (mec),
Old Irish maige (“great, large”), Albanian madh (“large”),
απότομος
CLIFF
απότομος • (apótomos) m (feminine απότομη, neuter απότομο)
(of cliffs, mountains) steep, sheer, abrupt
(generally) abrupt, sudden
(of speech) short, brusque, curt
λιγοστός
SCARCE
λιγοστός • (ligostós) m (feminine λιγοστή, neuter λιγοστό)
scarce, meagre, short
σύντομος
CONCISE - BRIEF - CUT SHORT
σύντομος • (súntomos) m, f (neuter σύντομον); second declension
cut short, abridged; especially of a road, as in a short-cut
(of language) concise, brief
(of stature) short
of other things
σύντομος • (sýntomos) m (feminine σύντομη, neuter σύντομο)
short, curtailed (in extent)
short, brief, quick (in duration)
συντομέυω (syntoméyo, “to shorten”)
ἐλάχιστος
LEADT - LITTLE - SMALLEST
Original Word: ἐλάχιστος, ίστη, ιστον
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: elachistos
Phonetic Spelling: (el-akh’-is-tos)
Short Definition: least, smallest, very little
Less wise, less capable, less honest, less committed, less loyal.
Definition: least, smallest, but perhaps oftener in the weaker sense: very little, very small.
1646 eláxistos – the superlative (-est form) of 3398 /mikrós (“small”) meaning “the very least, smallest.”
Lk 16:10: “He who is faithful in a very little (1646 /eláxistos) thing is faithful also in much; and he who is unrighteous in a very little (1646 /eláxistos) thing is unrighteous also in much” (NASU).
Lk 19:17: “And he said to him, ‘Well done, good slave, because you have been faithful in a very little (1646 /eláxistos) thing, you are to be in authority over ten cities’ “ (NASU).
less, under, worse, younger.
Or elatton el-at-tone’; comparative of the same as elachistos; smaller (in size, quantity, age or quality) – less, under, worse, younger.
ἐλάσσων
INFERIOR - LESSER
elassón or elattón: smaller, less
A man of lesser wisdom, competence and honesty.
Original Word: ἐλάσσων, ον
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: elassón or elattón
Phonetic Spelling: (el-as’-sone)
Short Definition: less, smaller, inferior
Definition: less, smaller; poorer, inferior.
less — either in age (younger), Romans 9:12; or in rank, Hebrews 7:7; or in excellence, worse (opposed to καλός)
ὀλῐ́γος
SMALL DEGREE - FEW
ὀλῐ́γος • (olígos) m (feminine ὀλῐ́γη, neuter ὀλῐ́γον); first/second declension
Of small amount: few, little
Of small size: little, small
Of small degree: slight
Antonyms
πολύς (polús)
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ligos (“indigent, needy, ill”). Compare Old Armenian աղքատ (ałkʿat), Albanian lig, Old Irish líach.
λίγο
λίγος
λιγοστός
λίγη
A LITTLE AMOUNT
λίγο • (lígo)
a little
Accusative masculine singular form of λίγος (lígos).
Nominative, accusative and vocative neuter singular form of λίγος (lígos).
λίγος • (lígos) m (feminine λίγη, neuter λίγο)
a little, a few, a bit of
Θα ήθελα λίγη ζάχαρη, παρακαλώ. ― Tha íthela lígi záchari, parakaló. ― I would like a little sugar, please.
λίγες ημέρες ― líges iméres ― a few days
λίγο ούζο ― lígo oúzo ― a bit of ouzo
λιγοστός • (ligostós) m (feminine λιγοστή, neuter λιγοστό)
scarce, meagre, short
κοντός
SHORT
κοντός • (kontós) m (feminine κοντή, neuter κοντό)
short (in height)
απότομος
CLIFF - ABRUPT
απότομος • (apótomos) m (feminine απότομη, neuter απότομο)
(of cliffs, mountains) steep, sheer, abrupt
(generally) abrupt, sudden
(of speech) short, brusque, curt
σύντομος
BRIEF
σύντομος • (sýntomos) m (feminine σύντομη, neuter σύντομο)
short, curtailed (in extent)
short, brief, quick (in duration)
συντομέυω (syntoméyo, “to shorten”)
σύντομα
SOON
σύντομα • (sýntoma)
soon, quickly (within a short time)
Σύντομα θα είστε ευτυχισμένοι! ― Sýntoma tha eíste eftychisménoi! ― Soon you will be happy!
συντομεύω
CUT SHORT - SHORTEN
συντομεύω • (syntomévo) (simple past συντόμευσα, συντόμεψα, passive συντομέυομαι)
shorten, abbreviate, abridge, cut short, reduce (in extent or duration)
πολῠ́ς
πολλός
LONG - FAR
πολῠ́ς • (polús) m (feminine πολλή, neuter πολῠ́); first/second declension
(of number, in the plural) many, a lot of (with nouns of multitude) large, great (of amount, with mass nouns) a lot of, much (rare, of a person) great, mighty (of sound) loud (attributively, adverbial) strongly, fully (of space) wide, large (of distance) far (of time) long; late πολὺν χρόνον polùn khrónon for a long time
neuter πολύ (polú) or πολλά (pollá) as substantive
much, a lot
(of distance) A great distance, far
πολλός • (pollós) m (feminine πολλή, neuter πολλόν); first/second declension
Ionic form of πολύς (polús)
πλείων
MORE
πλείων • (pleíōn) m, f (neuter πλεῖον); third declension
more, comparative of πολύς (polús)
πλεῖστος
MOST - MUCH - MANY
πλεῖστος • (pleîstos)
(of number, also of size, extent, strength, etc.) most, very much.
From the root of πολύς (polús, “much, many”) + -ιστος (-istos, superlative suffix).
καθαρός
CLEAN - PURE
καθαρός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: katharos Phonetic Spelling: (kath-ar-os') Short Definition: clean, pure, unstained Definition: clean, pure, unstained, either literally or ceremonially or spiritually; guiltless, innocent, upright.
2513 katharós (a primitive word) – properly, “without admixture” (BAGD); what is separated (purged), hence “clean” (pure) because unmixed (without undesirable elements); (figuratively) spiritually clean because purged (purified by God), i.e. free from the contaminating (soiling) influences of sin.
טָהור; clean, pure (free from the admixture or adhesion of anything that soils, adulterates, corrupts);
like a vine cleansed by pruning and so fitted to bear fruit, John 15:3; ὁ λελουμένος … καθαρός ὅλος (where the idea winch Christ expresses figuratively is as follows: ‘he whose inmost nature has been renovated does not need radical renewal, but only to be cleansed from every several fault into which he may fall through contact with the unrenewed world’),
ethically; free from corrupt desire, from sin and guilt:
free from every admixture of what is false, sincere, ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας
πολύς
πολλή
πολλῶν
πολλοὺς
POLY - MANY
Original Word: πολύς, πολλή, πολύ Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: polus Phonetic Spelling: (pol-oos') Short Definition: much, many, often Definition: much, many; often.
4183 polýs – many (high in number); multitudinous, plenteous, “much”; “great” in amount (extent).
4183 /polýs (“much in number”) emphasizes the quantity involved. 4183 (polýs) “signifies ‘many, numerous’; . . . with the article it is said of a multitude as being numerous” (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 113,114) – i.e. great in amount.
νήπῐος
CHILDISH - SIMPLE MINDED
νήπῐος • (nḗpios) m (feminine νηπῐ́ᾱ, neuter νήπῐον); first/second declension
childish, infantile, juvenile, young.
népios: an infant, fig. a simple-minded or immature person
Original Word: νήπιος, α, ον
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: népios
Phonetic Spelling: (nay’-pee-os)
Short Definition: an infant, child, unlearned
Definition: unlearned, unenlightened; noun: an infant, child.
an infant, little child.
minor, not of age.
metaphorically, childish, untaught, unskilled.
opposed to τέλειοι, the more advanced in understanding and knowledge.
νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ, in things pertaining to Christ.
From an obsolete particle ne- (implying negation) and epos; not speaking, i.e. An infant (minor); figuratively, a simple-minded person, an immature Christian – babe, child (+ -ish).
see GREEK epos
ἔπος, ἐπεος (ἐπους), τό, a word:
ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν
ἔπος seems primarily to designate a word as an articulate manifestation of a mental state, and so to differ from ῤῆμα (which see), the mere vocable; for its relation to λόγος see λόγος.
From epo; a word – X say.
: answer, bid, bring word, command
Original Word: ἔπω
Phonetic Spelling: (ep’-o)
Short Definition: answer
A primary verb (used only in the definite past tense, the others being borrowed from ereo, rheo, and phemi); to speak or say (by word or writing) – answer, bid, bring word, call, command, grant, say (on), speak, tell. Compare lego.
see GREEK ereo
see GREEK rheo
see GREEK phemi
see GREEK lego
εὖρος
εὐρῠ́ς
WIDE
width, breadth
εὖρος • (eûros) n (genitive εὔρους); third declension
width, breadth
εύρος • (évros) n (uncountable)
width, breadth
το εύρος του ποταμού (the width of the river)
εὐρῠ́ς • (eurús) m (feminine εὐρεῖᾰ, neuter εὐρῠ́); first/third declension
wide, broad, spacious, especially of heaven, earth, and sea.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁uru- (“wide”). Compare Sanskrit उरु (uru, “wide, large, spacious”) and Avestan 𐬬𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎 (vouru, “wide”)
ευρύς • (evrýs) m (feminine ευρεία, neuter ευρύ)
wide
στενός
CLOSE - NARROW - TIGHT
στενός • (stenós) m (feminine στενή, neuter στενό)
narrow tight close στενός φίλος stenós fílos close friend
μῆκος
LENGTH - HEIGHT - MEASURE
μῆκος • (mêkos) n (genitive μήκους or μήκεος); third declension
length (spatial measurement) height any linear measurement length (of time) greatness, magnitude
μᾰκρός
TALL - LONG - DEEP - DISTANT
μᾰκρός • (makrós) m (feminine μᾰκρᾱ́, neuter μᾰκρόν); first/second declension
long tall, deep far, distant (time) long (grammar, of vowels) long
πονηρός
PAIN - TOIL - EVIL ponéros: toilsome, bad Original Word: πονηρός, ά, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: ponéros Phonetic Spelling: (pon-ay-ros') Short Definition: evil, bad, wicked Definition: evil, bad, wicked, malicious, slothful. HELPS Word-studies 4190 ponērós (an adjective which is also used substantively, derived from 4192 /pónos, "pain, laborious trouble") – properly, pain-ridden, emphasizing the inevitable agonies (misery) that always go with evil.
πονηρὰ
WICKED - EVIL
πονηρὰ (ponēra) — 15 Occurrences Matthew 9:4 Adj-ANP GRK: τί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς NAS: are you thinking evil in your hearts? KJV: think ye evil in your INT: why think you evil in the
Matthew 12:35 Adj-ANP GRK: θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει πονηρά NAS: treasure what is evil. KJV: treasure bringeth forth evil things. INT: treasure puts forth evil things
Matthew 12:39 Adj-NFS
GRK: αὐτοῖς Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς
NAS: and said to them, An evil and adulterous
KJV: unto them, An evil and
INT: to them A generation evil and adulterous
Matthew 12:45 Adj-DFS
GRK: ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ
INT: this the evil
Matthew 16:4 Adj-NFS GRK: Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς NAS: An evil and adulterous generation KJV: A wicked and adulterous INT: A generation evil and adulterous
Mark 7:23 Adj-NNP GRK: ταῦτα τὰ πονηρὰ ἔσωθεν ἐκπορεύεται NAS: these evil things proceed KJV: these evil things come INT: these evils from within go forth
ἀγαθός
GOOD - SACRED - KIND
Original Word: ἀγαθός, ή, όν Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: agathos Phonetic Spelling: (ag-ath-os') Short Definition: good Definition: intrinsically good, good in nature, good whether it be seen to be so or not, the widest and most colorless of all words with this meaning.
agathós – inherently (intrinsically) good; as to the believer, 18 (agathós) describes what originates from God and is empowered by Him in their life, through faith.
ἀγαθός, (ή, (akin to ἄγαμαι to wonder at, think highly of, ἀγαστός admirable, as explained by Plato, Crat., p. 412 c. (others besides; cf. Donaldson, New Crat. § 323)), in general denotes”perfectus, … qui habet in se ac facit omnia quae habere et facere debet pro notione nominis, officio ac lege” (Irmisch ad Herodian, 1, 4, p. 134), excelling in any respect, distinguished, good. It can be predicated of persons, things, conditions, qualities and affections of the soul, deeds, times and seasons. To this general significance can be traced back all those senses which the word gathers from the connection in which it stands;
1. of a good constitution or nature: γῆ, Luke 8:8; δένδρον, Matthew 7:18, in sense equivalent to ‘fertile soil,’ ‘a fruitful tree,’ (Xenophon, oec. 16, 7 γῆ ἀγαθή, … γῆ κακῇ, an. 2, 4, 22 χώρας πολλῆς καί ἀγαθῆς οὔσης). In Luke 8:15 ἀγαθή καρδία corresponds to the figurative expression good ground, and denotes a soul inclined to goodness, and accordingly eager to learn saving truth and ready to bear the fruits (καρπούς ἀγαθούς, James 3:17) of a Christian life.
- useful, salutary: δόσις ἀγαθή (joined to δώρημα τέλειον) a gift which is truly a gift, salutary, James 1:17; δόματα ἀγαθά, Matthew 7:11; ἐντολή ἀγαθός a commandment profitable to those who keep it, Romans 7:12, according to a Greek scholium equivalent to εἰς τό συμφέρον ἐισηγουμένη, hence, the question in Romans 7:13: τό οὖν ἀγαθόν ἐμοί γέγονε θάνατος; ἀγαθός μερίς the ‘good part,’ which insures salvation to him who chooses it, Luke 10:42; ἔργον ἀγαθόν (differently in Romans 2:7, etc.) the saving work of God, i. e. substantially, the Christian life, due to divine efficiency, Philippians 1:6 (cf. the commentaries at the passage); εἰς ἀγαθόν for good, to advantage, Romans 8:28 (Sir. 7:13; πάντα τοῖς ἐυσεβέσι εἰς ἀγαθά … τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς εἰς κακά, Sir. 39:27; τό κακόν … γίγνεται εἰς ἀγαθόν, Theognis 162); good for, suited to something: πρός οἰκοδομήν, Ephesians 4:29 (cf. Winers Grammar, 363 (340)) (Xenophon, mem. 4, 6, 10).
- of the feeling awakened by what is good, pleasant, agreeable, joyful, happy: ἡμέραι ἀγαθάς 1 Peter 3:10 (Psalm 33:13 (); Sir. 14:14; 1 Macc. 10:55); ἐλπίς, 2 Thessalonians 2:16 (μακαρία ἐλπίς, Titus 2:13); συνείδησις, a peaceful conscience, equivalent to consciousness of rectitude, Acts 23:1; 1 Timothy 1:5, 19; 1 Peter 3:16; reconciled to God, 1 Peter 3:21.
- excellent, distinguished: so τί ἀγαθόν, John 1:46 (John 1:47).
- upright, honorable: Matthew 12:34; Matthew 19:16; Luke 6:45; Acts 11:24; 1 Peter 3:11, etc.; πονηροί καί ἀγαθοί, Matthew 5:45; Matthew 22:10; ἀγαθός καί δίκαιος, Luke 23:50; καρδία ἀγαθή καί καλή, Luke 8:15 (see καλός, b.); fulfilling the duty or service demanded, δοῦλε ἀγαθέ καί πιστέ, Matthew 25:21, 23; upright, free from guile, particularly from a desire to corrupt the people, John 7:12; preeminently of God, as consummately and essentially good, Matthew 19:17 (Mark 10:18; Luke 18:19); ἀγαθός θησαυρός in Matthew 12:35; Luke 6:45 denotes the soul considered as the repository of pure thoughts which are brought forth in speech; πίστις ἀγαθός the fidelity due from a servant to his master, Titus 2:10 (WH marginal reading omits); on ἀγαθόν ἔργον, ἀγαθά ἔργα, see ἔργον. In a narrower sense, benevolent, kind, generous: Matthew 20:15; 1 Peter 2:18; μνεία, 1 Thessalonians 3:6 (cf. 2 Macc. 7:20); beneficent (Xenophon, Cyril 3, 3, 4; טוב, Jeremiah 33:11; Psalm 34:9; Cicero, nat. deor. 2, 25, 64 “optimus i. e.beneficentissimus), Romans 5:7, where the meaning is, Hardly for an innocent man does one encounter death; for if he even dares hazard his life for another, he does so for a benefactor (one from whom he has received favors); cf. Winer’s Grammar, 117 (111); (Gifford in the Speaker’s Commentary, p. 123). The neuter used substantively denotes:
- a good thing, convenience, advantage, and in partic.
a. in the plural, external goods, riches: Luke 1:53; Luke 12:18f. (Sir. 14:4; Wis. 7:11); τά ἀγαθά σου comforts and delights which thy wealth procured for thee in abundance, Luke 16:25 (opposed to κακά, as in Sir. 11:14); outward and inward good things, Galatians 6:6, cf. Wieseler at the passage.
b. the benefits of the Messianic kingdom: Romans 10:15; τά μέλλοντα ἀγαθῶν, Hebrews 9:11; Hebrews 10:1. - what is upright, honorable, and acceptable to God: Romans 12:2; ἐργάζεσθαι τό ἀγαθόν Romans 2:10; Ephesians 4:28; πράσσειν, Romans 9:11; (2 Corinthians 5:10); διώκειν, 1 Thessalonians 5:15; μιμεῖσθαι, 3 John 1:11; κολλᾶσθαι τῷ ἀγαθῷ Romans 12:9; τί με ἐρωτᾷς περί τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, Matthew 19:17 G L T Tr WH, where the word expresses the general idea of right. Specifically, what is salutary, suited to the course of human affairs: in the phrase διάκονος εἰς τό ἀγαθόν Romans 13:4; of rendering service, Galatians 6:10; Romans 12:21; τό ἀγαθόν σου the favor thou conferrest, Philemon 1:14. (“It is to be regarded as a peculiarity in the usage of the Sept. that טוב good is predominantly (?) rendered by καλός…. The translator of Genesis uses ἀγαθός only in the neuter, good, goods, and this has been to a degree the model for the other translators. … In the Greek O. T., where οἱ δίκαιοι is the technical designation of the pious, οἱ ἀγαθοί or ὁ ἀγαθός does not occur in so general a sense. The ἀνήρ ἀγαθός is peculiar only to the Proverbs (Proverbs 13:22, 24; Proverbs 15:3); cf. besides the solitary instance in 1 Kings 2:32. Thus, even in the usage of the O. T. we are reminded of Christ’s words, Mark 10:18, οὐδείς ἀγαθός εἰ μή εἷς ὁ Θεός. In the O. T. the term ‘righteous’ makes reference rather to a covenant and to one’s relation to a positive standard; ἀγαθός would express the absolute idea of moral goodness” (Zezschwitz, Profangraec. u. Biblical Sprachgeist, Leipz. 1859, p. 60). Cf. Tittm., p. 19. On the comparison of ἀγαθός see B. 27 (24).)
καλός
GOOD - WORTHY - USEFUL - HONORABLE
Original Word: καλός, ή, όν
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: kalos
Phonetic Spelling: (kal-os’)
Short Definition: beautiful, good, worthy
Definition: beautiful, as an outward sign of the inward good, noble, honorable character; good, worthy, honorable, noble, and seen to be so.
kalós – attractively good; good that inspires (motivates) others to embrace what is lovely (beautiful, praiseworthy); i.e. well done so as to be winsome (appealing).
καλός, καλή, καλόν (probably primarily ‘sound,’ ‘hale,’ ‘whole ;’ cf. Vanicek, p. 140f; Curtius, § 31), the Sept. for יָפֶה beautiful, but much more often for טוב good; beautiful, applied by the Greeks to everything so distinguished in form, excellence, goodness, usefulness, as to be pleasing; hence (according to the context) equivalent to “beautiful, handsome, excellent, eminent, choice, surpassing, precious, useful, suitable, commendable, admirable”;
beautiful to look at, shapely, magnificent: λίθοις καλοῖς κεκόσμηται (A. V. goodly), Luke 21:5.
good, excellent in its nature and characteristics, and therefore well adapted to its ends: joined to the names of material objects, universally, 1 Timothy 4:4 (equivalent to pure); especially of things so constituted as to answer the purpose for which that class of things was created; good of its kind: τά καλά, of fish, opposed to such as are thrown away (τά σαπρά), Matthew 13:48; σπέρμα, Matthew 13:24, 21, 37f; καρπός, Matthew 3:10; Matthew 7:17-19; Matthew 12:33; Luke 3:9 (L WH brackets καλόν); ; δένδρον, opposed to σαπρόν, Matthew 12:33; Luke 6:43; γῆ, Matthew 13:8, 23; Mark 4:8, 20; Luke 8:15; καλόν τό ἅλας (is an excellent thing), Mark 9:50; Luke 14:34; so too ὁ νόμος, good in its substance and nature, and fitted to beget good, Romans 7:16; 1 Timothy 1:8; διδασκαλία, true and approved teaching, 1 Timothy 4:6; καρδία καλή καί ἀγαθή, Luke 8:15; παραθήκη (which see) (containing (rather, consisting of) καλά), 2 Timothy 1:14; μέτρον, ample measure (rabbinical, טובה מדה; English good measure), Luke 6:38; βαθμός (firm (but see βαθμός)), 1 Timothy 3:13; also θεμέλιος, 1 Timothy 6:19; equivalent to genuine, approved, πάντα δοκιμάζετε, τό καλόν κατέχετε, 1 Thessalonians 5:21; equivalent to precious (A. V. goodly), μαργαρῖται, Matthew 13:45; equivalent to superior to other kinds, οἶνος, John 2:10; joined to names of men designated by their office, competent, able, such as one ought to be: ποιμήν, John 10:11, 14; διάκονος, 1 Timothy 4:6; οἰκονόμος, 1 Peter 4:10; στρατιώτης, 2 Timothy 2:3; joined to nouns denoting an effect estimated by the power it involves, or by its constancy, or by the end aimed at by its author, equivalent to praiseworthy, noble: στρατεία, 1 Timothy 1:18; ἀγών, 1 Timothy 6:12; 2 Timothy 4:7; ὁμολογία, 1 Timothy 6:12f; ἔργον, Matthew 26:10; Mark 14:6; John 10:33; 1 Timothy 3:1; plural John 10:32. καλόν ἐστιν, it is expedient, profitable, wholesome: followed by an infinitive as subject, 1 Corinthians 7:1; with τίνι added (so in 1 Corinthians, the passage cited also), Matthew 18:8f (cf. Winers Grammar, 241 (226); Buttmann, § 149, 7); Mark 9:43, 45, 47, R G (also L Tr marginal reading in 47); 1 Corinthians 7:26; 1 Corinthians 9:15; καλόν ἐστιν followed by the accusative and infinitive, Mark 9:43, 45, 47, L (but see above) T Tr (but not marginal reading, see above) WH; Hebrews 13:9; followed by εἰ (cf. Buttmann, 217 (187f); Winer’s Grammar, 282 (265)), Matthew 26:24; Mark 9:42; Mark 14:21; followed by ἐάν (Buttmann and Winer’s Grammar, as above), 1 Corinthians 7:8; it is pleasant, delightful, followed by an accusative with an infinitive: Matthew 17:4; Mark 9:5; Luke 9:33.
c. beautiful by reason of purity of heart and life, and hence praiseworthy; morally good, noble, (Latinhonestus; (cf. Aristotle, τό καθ’ αὐτό καλόν)): διάκρισις καλοῦ τέ καί κακοῦ, Hebrews 5:14; ἔργα, Matthew 5:16; 1 Timothy 5:10, 25; 1 Timothy 6:18; Titus 2:7, 14; Titus 3:8, 14; Hebrews 10:24; 1 Peter 2:12, and Lachmann in 2 Peter 1:10; ἀναστροφή, James 3:13; 1 Peter 2:12; καλή συνείδησις, consciousness of good deeds (A. V. a good conscience), Hebrews 13:18; καλά, καλόν ἐνώπιον τίνος, in one’s judgment, Romans 12:17; 2 Corinthians 8:21; 1 Timothy 2:3 and Rec. in 1 Timothy 5:4; ζηλοῦσθαι ἐν καλῷ, Galatians 4:18; τό καλόν κατεργάζεσθαι, Romans 7:18; ποιεῖν, Romans 7:21; 2 Corinthians 13:7; Galatians 6:9; James 4:17; καλόν ἐστιν, it is right, proper, becoming, followed by an infinitive: Matthew 15:26 (L T ἔξεστιν); (Mark 7:27); Galatians 4:18 (here Tr marginal reading imperative); Romans 14:21.
d. honorable, conferring honor: μαρτυρία, 1 Timothy 3:7; ὄνομα, James 2:7; οὐ καλόν τό καύχημα ὑμῶν, 1 Corinthians 5:6.
e. affecting the mind agreeably, comforting and confirming: Θεοῦ ῤῆμα (the Sept. for טוב דָּבָר, which is spoken of the divine promises, Joshua 21:45; Zechariah 1:13), the gospel and its promises full of consolation, Hebrews 6:5. Compar. καλλίων, κάλλιον, better: neut, adverbially, σύ κάλλιον ἐπιγινώσκεις, i. e. better than by thy question thou seemest to know, Acts 25:10 (Winers Grammar, 242 (227)). The word is not found in the Apocalypse. (Cf. Trench, § cvi. at the end; Zezschwitz, Profangräcität as above with, p. 60f (cf. ἀγαθός, at the end); Westcott on John 10:11.)
σαπρός
CORRUPT - ROTTEN
Original Word: σαπρός, ά, όν
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: sapros
Phonetic Spelling: (sap-ros’)
Short Definition: rotten, useless, corrupt
Definition: rotten, useless, corrupt, depraved.
saprós – properly, rotten (putrid), over-ripe; (figuratively) over-done (ripened); hence, corrupt. “4550 (saprós) is (akin to sēpō, ‘to rot’), primarily, of vegetable and animal substances, expresses what is of poor quality, unfit for use, putrid” (Vine, Unger, White, NT, 49); sapros – “of poor or bad quality” (L & N, 1, 65.28).
- rotten, putrid ((Hipponax), Hippcr., Aristophanes, others).
- corrupted by age and no lounger fit for use, worn out (Aristophanes, Dio Chr., others); hence, in general, of poor quality, bad, unfit for use, worthless (A. V. corrupt) (πᾶν, ὁ μή τήν ἰδίαν χρείαν πληροι, σαπρόν λέγομεν, Chrysostom hom. 4 on 1 Timothy): δένδρον, καρπός, opposed to καλός, Matthew 7:17; Matthew 12:33; Luke 6:43; fishes, Matthew 13:48 (here A. V. bad); tropically, λόγος, Ephesians 4:29 (cf. Harless at the passage); δόγμα, Epictetus 3, 22, 61. Cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 377f.
From sepo; rotten, i.e. Worthless (literally or morally) – bad, corrupt. Compare poneros.
αἰώνιος
Original Word: αἰώνιος, ία, ιον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: aiónios Phonetic Spelling: (ahee-o'-nee-os) Short Definition: eternal, unending Definition: age-long, and therefore: practically eternal, unending; partaking of the character of that which lasts for an age, as contrasted with that which is brief and fleeting.
From aion; perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future as well) – eternal, for ever, everlasting, world (began).
Original Word: αἰώνιος, ία, ιον
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: aiónios
Phonetic Spelling: (ahee-o'-nee-os)
Short Definition: eternal, unending
Definition: age-long, and therefore: practically eternal, unending; partaking of the character of that which lasts for an age, as contrasted with that which is brief and fleeting.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 166 aiṓnios (an adjective, derived from 165 /aiṓn ("an age, having a particular character and quality") – properly, "age-like" ("like-an-age"), i.e. an "age-characteristic" (the quality describing a particular age); (figuratively) the unique quality (reality) of God's life at work in the believer, i.e. as the Lord manifests His self-existent life (as it is in His sinless abode of heaven). "Eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life operates simultaneously outside of time, inside of time, and beyond time – i.e. what gives time its everlasting meaning for the believer through faith, yet is also time-independent. See 165 (aiōn).
[166 (aiṓnios) does not focus on the future per se, but rather on the quality of the age (165 /aiṓn) it relates to. Thus believers live in “eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life” right now, experiencing this quality of God’s life now as a present possession. (Note the Gk present tense of having eternal life in Jn 3:36, 5:24, 6:47; cf. Ro 6:23.)]
Strong's Concordance
aiónios: agelong, eternal
Original Word: αἰώνιος, ία, ιον
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: aiónios
Phonetic Spelling: (ahee-o'-nee-os)
Short Definition: eternal, unending
Definition: age-long, and therefore: practically eternal, unending; partaking of the character of that which lasts for an age, as contrasted with that which is brief and fleeting.
HELPS Word-studies
Cognate: 166 aiṓnios (an adjective, derived from 165 /aiṓn ("an age, having a particular character and quality") – properly, "age-like" ("like-an-age"), i.e. an "age-characteristic" (the quality describing a particular age); (figuratively) the unique quality (reality) of God's life at work in the believer, i.e. as the Lord manifests His self-existent life (as it is in His sinless abode of heaven). "Eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life operates simultaneously outside of time, inside of time, and beyond time – i.e. what gives time its everlasting meaning for the believer through faith, yet is also time-independent. See 165 (aiōn).
[166 (aiṓnios) does not focus on the future per se, but rather on the quality of the age (165 /aiṓn) it relates to. Thus believers live in “eternal (166 /aiṓnios) life” right now, experiencing this quality of God’s life now as a present possession. (Note the Gk present tense of having eternal life in Jn 3:36, 5:24, 6:47; cf. Ro 6:23.)]
NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from aión Definition agelong, eternal NASB Translation eternal (66), eternity (1), forever (1).
Thayer’s Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 166: αἰώνιος
αἰώνιος, , and (in 2 Thessalonians 2:16; Hebrews 9:12; Numbers 25:13; Plato, Tim., p. 38 b. (see below); Diodorus 1:1; (cf. WHs Appendix, p. 157; Winers Grammar, 69 (67); Buttmann, 26 (23))) αἰώνιος, αἰώνια, αἰώνιον (αἰών);
1. without beginning or end, that which always has been and always will be: Θεός, Romans 16:26 (ὁ μόνος αἰώνιος, 2 Macc. 1:25); πνεῦμα, Hebrews 9:14.
- without beginning: χρόνοις αἰωνίοις, Romans 16:25; πρό χρόνων αἰωνίων, 2 Timothy 1:9; Titus 1:2; εὐαγγέλιον, a gospel whose subject-matter is eternal, i. e., the saving purpose of God adopted from eternity, Revelation 14:6.
- without end, never to cease, everlasting: 2 Corinthians 4:18 (opposed to πρόσκαιρος); αἰώνιον αὐτόν, joined to thee forever as a sharer of the same eternal life, Philcmon 1:15; βάρος δόξης, 2 Corinthians 4:17; βασιλεία, 2 Peter 1:11; δόξα, 2 Timothy 2:10; 1 Peter 5:10; ζωή (see ζωή, 2 b.); κληρονομία, Hebrews 9:15; λύτρωσις, Hebrews 9:12; παράκλησις, 2 Thessalonians 2:16; σκηναί, abodes to be occupied forever, Luke 16:9 (the habitations of the blessed in heaven are referred to, cf. John 14:2 (also,dabo eis tabernacula aeterna, quae praeparaveram illis, 4 Esdras (Fritzsche, 5 Esdr.) []); similarly Hades is called αἰώνιος τόπος, Tobit 3:6, cf. Ecclesiastes 12:5); σωτηρία, Hebrews 5:9; (so Mark 16 (WH) in the (rejected) ‘Shorter Conclusion’). Opposite ideas are: κόλασις, Matthew 25:46; κρίμα, Hebrews 6:2; κρίσις, Mark 3:29 (Rec. (but L T WH Tr text ἁμαρτήματος; in Acta Thom. § 47, p. 227 Tdf., ἔσται σοι τοῦτο εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν καί λύτρον αἰωνίων παραπτωμάτων, it has been plausibly conjectured we should read λύτρον, αἰώνιον (cf. Hebrews 9:12))); ὄλεθρος (Lachmann text ὀλέθριος, 2 Thessalonians 1:9 (4 Macc. 10:15); πῦρ, Matthew 25:41 (4 Macc. 12:12 αἰωνίῳ πυρί καί βασάνοις, αἱ εἰς ὅλον τόν αἰῶνα οὐκ ἀρνήσουσί σε). (Of the examples of αἰώνιος from Philo (with whom it is less common than ἀΐδιος, which see, of which there are some fifty instances) the following are noteworthy: de mut. nora. § 2; de caritate § 17; κόλασις αἰώνιος fragment in Mang. 2:667 at the end (Richter 6:229 middle); cf. de praem, et poen. § 12. Other examples are de alleg, leg. iii., § 70; de poster. Caini § 35; quod deus immut. § 30; quis rer. div. her. § 58; de congressu quaer, erud. § 19; de secular sec 38; de somn. ii. § 43; de Josepho § 24; quod omn. prob. book § 4, § 18; de ebrietate § 32; de Abrah. § 10; ζωή αἰώνιος: de secular § 15; Θεός (ὁ) αἰώνιος: de plantat. § 2, § 18 (twice), § 20 (twice);de mundo § 2. from Josephus: Antiquities 7, 14, 5; 12, 7, 3; 15, 10, 5; b. j. 1, 33, 2; 6, 2, I; κλέος αἰών Antiquities 4, 6, 5; b. j. 3, 8, 5, μνήμη αἱ.: Antiquities 1, 13, 4; 6, 14, 4; 10, 11, 7; 15, 11, 1; οἶκον μέν αἰώνιον ἔχεις (of God), Antiquities 8, 4, 2; ἐφυλάχθη ὁ Ἰωάννης δεσμοῖς αἰωνίοις, b. j. 6, 9, 4. SYNONYMS: ἀΐδιος, αἰώνιος: ἀΐδιος covers the complete philosophic idea — without beginning and without end; also either without beginning or without end; as respects the past, it is applied to what has existed time out of mind. αἰώνιος (from Plato on) gives prominence to the immeasurableness of eternity (while such words as συνεχής continuous, unintermitted, διατελής perpetual, lasting to the end, are not so applicable to an abstract term, like αἰών); αἰώνιος accordingly is especially adapted to supersensuous things, see the N. T. Cf. Tim. Locr. 96 c. Θεόν δέ τόν μέν αἰώνιον νόος ὄρη μόνος etc.; Plato, Tim. 37 d. (and Stallbaum at the passage); 38 b. c.; legg. x., p. 904 a. ἀνώλεθρον δέ ὄν γενόμενον, ἀλλ’ οὐκ αἰώνιον. Cf. also Plato’s διαιώνιος (Tim. 38 b.; 39 e.). Schmidt, chapter 45.
εὐθῠ́ς
STRAIGHT - DIRECT - MORALLY SHARP
εὐθῠ́ς • (euthús) m (feminine εὐθεῖᾰ, neuter εὐθῠ́); first/third declension
straight, direct
(in a moral sense) straightforward, open, frank
ῠ̔ποθετῐκός
SUGGESTION - EDUCATED GUESS
ῠ̔ποθετῐκός • (hupothetikós) m (feminine ῠ̔ποθετῐκή, neuter ῠ̔ποθετῐκόν); first/second declension
hypothetical
belonging to the subject
suggestive, hortatory
hortatory
From Middle French hortatoire, from Latin hortor (“encourage”).
hortatory (comparative more hortatory, superlative most hortatory)
Giving exhortation or advice; encouraging.
hortatory (plural hortatories)
Exhortation or advice; incitement; encouragement.
προτρεπτικός
τρέπω
προτρέπω
Ancient Greek προτρεπτικός (protreptikós, “hortatory”), from προτρέπω (protrépō, “to urge on”).
protreptic (comparative more protreptic, superlative most protreptic)
Serving to instruct; didactic
protreptic (plural protreptics)
A didactic speech, book, etc.
διδακτικός
From French didactique, from Ancient Greek διδακτικός (didaktikós, “skilled in teaching”), from διδακτός (didaktós, “taught, learnt”), from διδάσκω (didáskō, “I teach, educate”).
didactic (comparative more didactic, superlative most didactic)
Instructive or intended to teach or demonstrate, especially with regard to morality.
σωστός
CORRECT - RIGHT - TRUE
σωστός • (sostós) m (feminine σωστή, neuter σωστό)
correct, right Synonym: ορθός (orthós) Antonym: λάθος (láthos) real, true (figuratively) well-mannered, well-behaved.
Verbal adjective of the verb σώζω (sṓzō, “to save”), hence literally “safe and sound; secure; sure, certain”.
σώζω
REDEEM - SAVE - RESCUE
σώζω • (sózo) (simple past έσωσα, passive σώζομαι)
save, rescue
(computing) save (a file)
(religion) redeem, save
σῴζω
SAFE - SOUND - HEAL - CERTAIN
σῶς (sôs, “safe, sound”) + -ίζω (-ízō), from Pre-Hellenic form σάϜος (sáWos), from Proto-Indo-European *tweh₂-u-s, from *tewh₂- (“to be strong”).
σῴζω • (sṓizō)
I save
800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.503
νῦν ἄρκιον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι / ἠὲ σαωθῆναι καὶ ἀπώσασθαι κακὰ νηῶν.
nûn árkion ḕ apolésthai / ēè saōthênai kaì apṓsasthai kakà nēôn.
Now it is sure that we must either perish utterly or find deliverance by thrusting back the peril from the ships.
I heal
460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, The Coan Praenotions 136
(Christianity) I save
New Testament, First Epistle to the Corinthians 1:21
εὐδόκησεν ὁ θεὸς […] σῶσαι τοὺς πιστεύοντας.
eudókēsen ho theòs […] sôsai toùs pisteúontas.
it was God’s good pleasure […] to save those who believe
ορθός
STRAIGHT - RIGHT - ERECT
ορθός • (orthós) m (feminine ορθή, neuter ορθό)
upright, erect
straight
correct, right, sound.
ορθή γωνία f (orthí gonía, “right angle”)
λάθος
λανθασμένος
λανθασμένα
ERROR - MISTAKE
λάθος • (láthos) n (plural λάθη)
error, mistake
λανθασμένος (lanthasménos, “wrong, in error”)
λανθασμένα (lanthasména, “wrongly, incorrectly”)
From λανθασμένος (lanthasménos, “incorrect”), from λάθος (láthos, “error”)
λανθασμένα • (lanthasména)
incorrectly, wrongly (in an incorrect manner) Synonyms Edit λανθασμένως (lanthasménos) Related terms Edit λάθος
