THEOS-GOD-DIVINE - Greek Flashcards
θεός
THEOS
Ruler
From Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃
𐀳𐀃 (te-o /tʰehós/) m
god.
θεός
A god, Deity, Ruler.
θεᾱ́ • (theā́) f (genitive θεᾶς); first declension
goddess.
θεή • (theḗ) f
genitive - θεῆς
Epic and Ionic form of θεᾱ́ (theā́)
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From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós
*tʰehós m
god, deity.
Thematicized form of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s, from the root *dʰeh₁- (“put”).
From *dʰeh₁- (“to do”) + *-s. *(é)-s f Derives nouns from roots. *dʰéh₁s m (oblique stem dʰh₁s-) Root god, godhead, deity sacred place.
*dʰeh₁- (perfective)
Root
to do, put, place.
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θέα • (théa) f (genitive θέας); first declension
view, sight.
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θεάομαι • (theáomai) (Attic, Koine) Verb I view, watch, observe, gaze. I contemplate I review.
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θεός • (theós) m or f (genitive θεοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine) Noun a deity, a god, God title of a ruler sometimes feminine (ἡ θεός): a goddess.
θεός • (theós)
Adjective
divine (used only in comparative: θεώτερος
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From Proto-Hellenic *tʰehós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀃 (te-o)), a thematicization of Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁s, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, to put, to place”) + *-s.
Cognate with Phrygian δεως (deōs, “to the gods”), Old Armenian դիք (dikʿ, “pagan gods”) and Latin fēriae (“festival days”), fānum (“temple”) and fēstus (“festive”).
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θωρώ • (thoró)
Verb
(vernacular, poetic) to gaze, examine, look over.
from Ancient Greek θεωρέω / θεωρῶ
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theory (n.)
1590s, “conception, mental scheme,”
from Late Latin theoria (Jerome),
from Greek theōria “contemplation, speculation; a looking at, viewing; a sight, show, spectacle, things looked at,”
from theōrein “to consider, speculate, look at,”
from theōros “spectator,”
from thea “a view” (see theater) + horan “to see,”
which is possibly from PIE root *wer- (3) “to perceive.”
*wer- (3)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “perceive, watch out for.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Latin vereri “to observe with awe, revere, respect, fear;”
Greek ouros “a guard, watchman,”
Greek horan “to see;” Hittite werite- “to see;”
Old English weard “a guarding, protection; watchman, sentry, keeper.”
A theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking often is associated with such processes like observational study, research.
In modern science, the term “theory” refers to scientific theories, a well-confirmed type of explanation of nature, made in a way consistent with scientific method, and fulfilling the criteria required by modern science.
Such theories are described in such a way that scientific tests should be able to provide empirical support for, or empirically contradict (“falsify”) it.
Theories guide the enterprise of finding facts rather than of reaching goals, and are neutral concerning alternatives among values.[3]:131 A theory can be a body of knowledge, which may or may not be associated with particular explanatory models. To theorize is to develop this body of knowledge.
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theater (n.)
late 14c., “open air place in ancient times for viewing spectacles and plays,” from Old French theatre (12c., Modern French théâtre, improperly accented) and directly from Latin theatrum “play-house, theater; stage; spectators in a theater” (source also of Spanish, Italian teatro), from Greek theatron “theater; the people in the theater; a show, a spectacle,” literally “place for viewing,” from theasthai “to behold” (related to thea “a view, a seeing; a seat in the theater,” theates “spectator”) + -tron, suffix denoting place.
Meaning “building where plays are shown” is from 1570s in English. Transferred sense of “plays, writing, production, the stage” is from 1660s. Generic sense of “place of action” is from 1580s; especially “region where war is being fought” (1914). Spelling with -re arose late 17c. and prevailed in Britain after c. 1700 by French influence, but American English retained or revived the older spelling in -er
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theorem (n.)
“demonstrable proposition in science or mathematics,” 1550s, from Middle French théorème (16c.) and directly from Late Latin theorema, from Greek theorema “spectacle, sight,” in Euclid “proposition to be proved,” literally “that which is looked at,” from theorein “to look at, behold” (see theory).
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θεωρέω • (theōréō) Verb I am sent (as a θεωρός (theōrós) to consult an oracle I look at, spectate, observe (of the mind) I contemplate, consider (abstract) I speculate, theorize.
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θεώρημᾰ • (theṓrēma) n
genitive - θεωρήμᾰτος
Noun
That which is contemplated, considered and looked at with discerning vision.
sight, spectacle
vision, intuition
speculation, theory, proposition
(in the plural) arts and sciences
(mathematics) theorem, mathematical statement
investigation, inquiry.
From θεωρέω (“to look at; to consider, contemplate”) + -μα
-μα
(outcome-output suffix) Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action.
From Ancient Greek θεώρημα (“speculation, proposition to be proved”) (Euclid)
from θεωρέω (“I look at, view, consider, examine”)
from θεωρός (“spectator”), from θέα (“a view”) + ὁράω (“I see, look”).
theōrēma n (genitive theōrēmatis); third declension
a theorem, a proposition to be proved.
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θαῦμᾰ • (thaûma) n genitive - θαύμᾰτος Noun a wonder, marvel, something strange (in the plural) jugglers' tricks the feeling of wonder, astonishment.
From the root of θεάομαι (“to wonder at, gaze at”) + -μᾰ (outcome, resulting noun suffix).
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θαύμα • (thávma) n plural - θαύματα Noun (religion) miracle, supernatural event (figuratively) marvel, wonder
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θαυμάζω • (thaumázō) Verb (active) to wonder, marvel, be astonished (with accusative) to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at to revere, honor, admire, worship to say with astonishment (with genitive) to wonder at, marvel at (rarely with dative) to wonder at (passive) to be looked at with wonder to be admired.
From θαῦμα (“wonder, marvel”) + -άζω (denominative verb suffix).
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θαυμᾰστός • (thaumastós) m feminine - θαυμᾰστή neuter -.θαυμᾰστόν Adjective Wonderful, marvellous 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.0 Admirable.
From θαυμάζω (“to admire, be surprised at”) + -τος (adjective suffix)
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θεᾱτής • (theātḗs) m genitive - θεᾱτοῦ Noun A Spectator. One who sees or goes to see.
From θεάομαι (“to gaze at”) + -της (masculine agent noun suffix)
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θέατρο • (théatro) n (plural θέατρα) Noun theatre (UK), theater (US) theatre building, audience dramatic art theatre of war. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
αθέατος • (athéatos) m feminine - αθέατη neuter - αθέατο Adjective invisible, out of sight, secret, unseen.
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αθεάτριστος • (atheátristos) m feminine - αθεάτριστη neuter - αθεάτριστο Adjective not theatre going, ignorant of the theatre, untheatrical.
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θεωρία
From θεωρός (“spectator”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (feminine abstract noun suffix)
θεωρία, meant “a looking at, viewing, beholding”, but in more technical contexts it came to refer to contemplative or speculative understandings of natural things, such as those of natural philosophers, as opposed to more practical ways of knowing things, like that of skilled orators or artisans.
CHRISTIAN CONTEMPLATION
from contemplatio (Latin; Greek θεωρία)
refers to several Christian practices which aim at “looking at”, “gazing at”, “being aware of” God or the Divine.
Christianity took up the use of both the Greek (theoria) and Latin (contemplatio, contemplation) terminology to describe various forms of prayer and the process of coming to know God.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that, "the Christian tradition comprises three major expressions of the life of prayer: 1. vocal prayer. 2. meditation, and 3. contemplative prayer. They have in common the recollection of the heart." Three stages are discerned in contemplative practice, namely 1. purgative contemplation. 2. contemplation proper, and... 3. the vision of God.
θεωρῐ́ᾱ • (theōríā) f genitive - θεωρῐ́ᾱς Noun sending of state-ambassadors (θεωροί) embassy, mission sight, spectacle, viewing consideration, theory, speculation.
θεωρία • (theoría) f
Noun
theory
contemplation.
ETYMOLOGY
The Greek theoria (θεωρία), from which the English word “theory” (and “theatre”) is derived, meant “contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at”.
From theorein (θεωρεῖν) "to consider, speculate, look at", from theoros (θεωρός) "spectator", from θέα "a view" + horan (ὁρᾶν) "to see".
It expressed the state of being a spectator.
Both Greek θεωρία and Latin contemplatio primarily meant looking at things, whether with the eyes or with the mind.
The word theoria is derived from a verb meaning to look, or to see: for the Greeks, knowing was a kind of seeing, a sort of intellectual seeing. Contemplation is, then, knowledge, knowledge of reality itself, as opposed to knowing how: the kind of know-how involved in getting things done. To this contrast between the active life and contemplation there corresponds a distinction in our understanding of what it is to be human between reason conceived as puzzling things out, solving problems, calculating and making decisions - referred to by the Greek words phronesis and dianoia, or in Latin by ratio - and reason conceived as receptive of truth, beholding, looking - referred to by the Greek words theoria or sophia (wisdom) or nous (intellect), or in Latin intellectus. Augustine expressed this distinction by using scientia for the kind of knowledge attained by ratio, and sapientia, wisdom, for the kind of knowledge received by intellectus. Human intelligence operates at two levels: a basic level concerned with doing things, and another level concerned with simply beholding, contemplating, knowing reality.
The term theoria was used by the ancient Greeks to refer to the act of experiencing or observing, and then comprehending through nous.
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θεωρείο • (theoreío) n (plural θεωρεία)
Noun
box, loge, gallery at a theatre, concert hall, parliament.
θεωρ (“spectator”) + -είο (“place denomination”). From Koine Greek θεωρεῖον (theōreîon).
Compare to θεωρέω (theōréō).
-είο • (-eío) n
added to a noun to denote a relationship with a place, building, etc.
Doctors office etc.
ιατρός (“doctor”) + -είο → ιατρείο (“doctor’s office”)
example - Studio.
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θεωρός • (theōrós) m (genitive θεωροῦ); second declension
Noun
spectator
envoy sent to consult an oracle.
From θέᾱ (“sight”) + ὁράω (“I see”).
Although with partial signification from θεός (“god”).
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ορατός • (oratós) m (feminine ορατή, neuter ορατό)
Adjective
visible, in sight, seen
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θεατός • (theatós) m (feminine θεατή, neuter θεατό)
Adjective
visible, in sight, seen
η θεατή πλευρά της Σελήνης (the visible side of the moon)
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ANTONYM
ᾰ̓́θεος • (átheos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́θεον); second declension
From ἀ- (“not”) + θεός (“god”)
ADJECTIVE
without gods
rejecting or disdaining the belief in the gods (especially officially sanctioned gods)
generally: godless, secular
abandoned by the gods
(lexicography) not derived from a theonym.
ATHEIST ἀθεότης • (atheótēs) f (genitive ἀθεότητος); third declension. ἄθεος (átheos, “godless”) + -της (-tēs) One who practices godlessness. One who does not believe in the gods. One who is not religiously observant.
SUFFIX
-της • (-tēs) m (genitive -του); first declension
Added to noun stems to form masculine nouns of the person concerned with a thing
Added to verb stems to form masculine agent nouns: -er
Added to place names to form masculine demonyms: -ian
ἀντίθεος • (antítheos) m or f (neuter ἀντίθεον); second declension
From ἀντι- (anti-) + θεός (theós)
Adjective
godlike, opposing god.
ἀντι- • (anti-)
anti-, against.
αντι- • (anti-)
anti-, counter- (expressing: opposition, prevention, the opposite)
From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”).
ἀποθεόω • (apotheóō)
Verb
I deify.
From ἀπο- + θεός (“god, deity”) + -όω
ἀπο- • (apo-)
Indicating movement: away, from, off
Indicating breaking one part from another: un-, asunder, apart, off.
Indicating ending or finishing, or almost like the negative ἀ- (a-, “not”), especially in adjectives.
Simply emphasizing the meaning of the verb
because of, owing to.
SUFFIX
-όω • (-óō)
Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do something or become something.
deify (third-person singular simple present deifies, present participle deifying, simple past and past participle deified)
(transitive) To make a god of (something or someone).
(transitive) To treat as worthy of worship; to regard as a deity.
Latin- deificō (present infinitive deificāre, perfect active deificāvī, supine deificātum); first conjugation
(Late Latin, transitive) I make a god, deify.
SUFFIX
-ficō (present infinitive -ficāre, perfect active -ficāvī, supine -ficātum); first conjugation
Forms factitive, causative, or other verbs from the roots of nouns and adjectives.
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ἔνθεος • (éntheos) m or f (neuter ἔνθεον); second declension
having a god in one; possessed or inspired by a god.
From ἐν (“in”) + θεός (“god”).
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ζάθεος • (zátheos)
very sacred, holy, sacrosanct.
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θεοκρᾰτῐ́ᾱ • (theokratíā) f (genitive θεοκρατῐ́ᾱς); first declension (Koine)
(politics, religion) theocracy.
From θεο- (“god, deity”) + -κρατία (“power, rule”)
from θεός and κρᾰτέω.
- κρᾰτῐ́ᾱ • (-kratíā) f (genitive -κρᾰτῐ́ᾱς); first declension
- cracy (government, rule)
Derived from κρᾰ́τος (krátos, “strength”, “power”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, noun-forming suffix).
κρᾰ́τος • (krátos) n (genitive κρᾰ́τεος or κρᾰ́τους); third declension Noun might, strength act of strength, act of valour (in the plural) acts of violence dominion, power.
From Proto-Indo-European *kret-. Cognates include Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu)
Proto-Indo-European/ *kret-
*kret-
insight, intelligence,strength.
SUFFX
-κρατία • (-kratía) f
-cracy (indicating “domination by”)
πλούτος (ploútos, “wealth”) + -κρατία (-kratía) → πλουτοκρατία (ploutokratía, “plutocracy”)
-ism (indicating “dominating system”)
αποικία (apoikía, “colony”) + -κρατία (-kratía) → αποικιοκρατία (apoikiokratía, “colonialism”)
SUFFIX
-ῐ́ᾱ • (-íā) f (genitive -ῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Added to stems of adjectives, or rarely to the stems of verbs, to form feminine abstract nouns.
Proto-Indo-European / *-h₂
*(é)-(o)-h₂ n
Creates collective nouns, which refer to groups or sets of things.
Collective nouns.
(grammar) A noun which, though singular, refers to a group of things or animals. Examples: a school of fish, a pride of lions.
κρατέω • (kratéō) Verb to rule, command to conquer, prevail, gain the upper hand to seize, hold. From κράτος (krátos, “power, might”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix).
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Original Word: θεωρέω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: theóreó Phonetic Spelling: (theh-o-reh'-o) Definition: to look at, gaze Usage: I look at, gaze, behold; I see, experience, discern; I partake of. HELPS Word-studies 2334 theōréō (from 2300 /theáomai, "to gaze, contemplate") – gaze on for the purpose of analyzing (discriminating).
[2334 (theōréō) is the root of the English term “theatre,” i.e. where people concentrate on the meaning of an action (performance).]
from theóros (an envoy, spectator)
SYNONYMS: θεωρεῖν, θέασθαι, ὁρᾶν, σκοπεῖν:
θεωρεῖν is used primarily not of an indifferent spectator, but of one who looks at a thing with interest and for a purpose.
θεωρεῖν would be used of a general officially reviewing or inspecting an army.
θέασθαι of a lay spectator looking at the parade.
θεωρεῖν as denoting the careful observation of details can even be contrasted with ὁρᾶν in so far as the latter denotes only perception in the general; so used θεωρεῖν quite coincides with σκοπεῖν
To be a spectator of, i.e. Discern, (literally, figuratively (experience) or intensively (acknowledge)
To ascertain, find out, by seeing.
equivalent to to get knowledge of.
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Original Word: θεάομαι
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: theaomai
Phonetic Spelling: (theh-ah’-om-ahee)
Definition: to behold, look upon
Usage: I see, behold, contemplate, look upon, view; I see, visit.
HELPS Word-studies
2300 theáomai (from tháomai, “to gaze at a spectacle”) –
- properly, gaze on (contemplate) as a spectator;
- to observe intently, especially to interpret something (grasp its significance);
- to see (concentrate on) so as to significantly impact (influence) the viewer.
[2300 (theáomai) is the root of 2302 /théatron (“spectacle in a theatre”), the root of the English term, “theatre.”]
To behold, look upon, view attentively, contemplate.
To learn by looking.
To discern by looking, reading, contemplating what has been seen and witnessed.
classic use denotes often a wondering regard.
A prolonged form of a primary verb; to look closely at, i.e. (by implication) perceive (literally or figuratively); by extension to visit – behold, look (upon)
To study carefully through discerning observation.
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Original Word: ὁράω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: horaó Phonetic Spelling: (hor-ah'-o) Definition: to see, perceive, attend to Usage: I see, look upon, experience, perceive, discern, beware. HELPS Word-studies 3708 horáō – properly, see, often with metaphorical meaning: "to see with the mind" (i.e. spiritually see), i.e. perceive (with inward spiritual perception).
[The aorist form (eidon), is discussed at 1492 /eídō, “see.” The future tense, and middle-passive form, are discussed under 3700 /optánomai, “see.”]
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εἴδομαι • (eídomai) (poetic)
Verb
to be seen, appear.
(with infinitive) to appear, seem to do.o
(reflexive, with dative) to make oneself like.
(intransitive) to be like, to look like.
The aorist tense, εἶδον (eîdon, “I saw”), has a related but different meaning, and its second aorist middle form, εἰδόμην (eidómēn), contrasts with the first aorist middle of this verb, εἰσᾰ́μην (eisámēn).
The perfect tense, οἶδα (oîda, “I know”), functions as a present tense word with its own meaning.
εἶδος (eîdos, “form”)
ἰδέα (idéa, “form”)
ἱστορία (historía, “inquiry”)
ἵστωρ (hístōr, “judge”)
εἶδον • (eîdon) Verb to see, behold, perceive. (strengthened) to look at, observe. to see a person, to meet, speak with them. to see, experience, become acquainted with. to look at or towards. to see mentally, to perceive.
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οἶδα εἶδος εἴδους ἘΙΔΩ εἴδει
οἶδα
Original Word: οἶδα
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: eidó
Phonetic Spelling: (i'-do)
Definition: be aware, behold, consider, perceive
Usage: I know, remember, appreciate.
HELPS Word-studies
1492 eídō (oida) – properly, to see with physical eyes (cf. Ro 1:11), as it naturally bridges to the metaphorical sense: perceiving ("mentally seeing"). This is akin to the expressions: "I see what You mean"; "I see what you are saying."
1492 /eídō (“seeing that becomes knowing”) then is a gateway to grasp spiritual truth (reality) from a physical plane. 1492 (eídō) then is physical seeing (sight) which should be the constant bridge to mental and spiritual seeing (comprehension).
εἶδος
Original Word: εἶδος, ους, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: eidos
Phonetic Spelling: (i’-dos)
Definition: appearance, fashion, shape, sight
Usage: visible form, shape, appearance, outward show, kind, species, class.
HELPS Word-studies
1491 eídos (a neuter noun derived from 1492 /eídō, “to see, apprehend”) – properly, the sight (i.e. of something exposed, observable), especially its outward appearance or shape (J. Thayer). 1491 (eídos) emphasizes “what is physically seen” (BAGD) before mentally or spiritually apprehended. See 1492 (eidō, oida).
Example: 1491 /eídos (“visible appearance”) refers to the outward form taken on by each of the three Persons of the tri-personal God: a) the Holy Spirit in Lk 3:22: “And the Holy Spirit descended upon Him in bodily form like a dove”; b) Jesus, in Lk 9:29: “And while He was praying, the appearance of His face became different, and His clothing became white and gleaming”; and c) the Father, in Jn 5:37: “You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form.”
From eido; a view, i.e. Form (literally or figuratively) – appearance, fashion, shape, sight.
εἴδει Luke 3:22 N-DNS GRK: ἅγιον σωματικῷ εἴδει ὡς περιστερὰν NAS: upon Him in bodily form like KJV: in a bodily shape like INT: Holy in a bodily form as a dove Luke 9:29 N-NNS GRK: αὐτὸν τὸ εἶδος τοῦ προσώπου NAS: He was praying, the appearance of His face KJV: prayed, the fashion of his INT: he the appearance of the face
εἶδος John 5:37 N-ANS GRK: ἀκηκόατε οὔτε εἶδος αὐτοῦ ἑωράκατε NAS: nor seen His form. KJV: seen his shape. INT: have you heard nor form of him have you seen
εἴδους 2 Corinthians 5:7 N-GNS GRK: οὐ διὰ εἴδους NAS: for we walk by faith, not by sight-- KJV: not by sight:) INT: not by sight
εἴδους 1 Thessalonians 5:22 N-GNS GRK: ἀπὸ παντὸς εἴδους πονηροῦ ἀπέχεσθε NAS: abstain from every form of evil. KJV: from all appearance of evil. INT: from every form of evil abstain
NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH “ETHOS” (ethics)
ἔθη Acts 6:14 N-ANP GRK: ἀλλάξει τὰ ἔθη ἃ παρέδωκεν NAS: and alter the customs which KJV: shall change the customs which INT: will change the customs which delivered
ἔθος
Luke 1:9 N-ANS
GRK: κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τῆς ἱερατείας
NAS: according to the custom of the priestly office,
KJV: According to the custom of the priest’s office,
INT: according to the custom of the priesthood.
ἔθει
Acts 15:1 N-DNS
GRK: περιτμηθῆτε τῷ ἔθει τῷ Μωυσέως
NAS: you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses,
KJV: ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses,
INT: you be circumcised after the custom of Moses.
ἐθῶν Acts 26:3 N-GNP GRK: κατὰ Ἰουδαίους ἐθῶν τε καὶ NAS: in all customs and questions KJV: expert in all customs and questions INT: of Jews customs and also.
ἔθεσι Acts 28:17 N-DNP GRK: ἢ τοῖς ἔθεσι τοῖς πατρῴοις NAS: or the customs of our fathers, KJV: or customs of our fathers, INT: or the customs of our fathers.
εἰδῶ 1 Corinthians 13:2 V-RSA-1S GRK: προφητείαν καὶ εἰδῶ τὰ μυστήρια KJV: and understand all INT: prophecy and know the mysteries εἰδῶ 1 Corinthians 14:11 V-RSA-1S GRK: οὖν μὴ εἰδῶ τὴν δύναμιν KJV: Therefore if I know not the meaning INT: therefore not I know the power
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Christ is said to deliver to men ἅ ἑώρακεν, the things which he has seen, i. e. which he learned in his heavenly state with God before the incarnation, i. e. things divine, the counsels of God.
the father (a metaphorical expression borrowed from sons, who learn what they see their fathers doing)
s divine, the counsels of God, John 3:11, 32; ἑωρακέναι Θεόν, to know God’s will, from the contact and influence of Christ to have come to see (know) God’s majesty, saving purposes, and will.
in an emphatic sense, of Christ, who has an immediate and perfect knowledge of God without being taught by another.
Christ is said ὄψεσθαί the apostles, i. e. will have knowledge of them.
to see i. e. to become acquainted with by experience, to experience: ζωήν, equivalent to to become a partaker of.
equivalent to to care for, pay heed to.
SYNONYMS: ὁρᾶν, βλέπειν, both denote the physical act:
ὁρᾶν in general.
βλέπειν the single look.
ὁρᾶν gives prominence to the discerning mind, βλέπειν to the particular mood or point.
When the physical side recedes, ὁρᾶν denotes perception in general (as resulting principally from vision), the prominence in the word of the mental element being indicated by the construction of the accusative with an infinitive (in contrast with that of the participle required with βλέπειν), and by the absolute ὁρᾷς; βλέπειν on the other hand, when its physical side recedes, gets a purely outward sense, look (i. e. open, incline) toward.
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βλέπω • (vlépo) (simple past είδα, passive βλέπομαι)
Verb
(most senses) see, watch, look at.
(transitive) consider, think of, see (give an assessment or opinion)
(transitive) scrutinise, look into (examine in more detail)
(medicine, transitive) examine (of a doctor)
(transitive, of inanimate things) face, overlook (look out onto, as in a view)
PREFIX
αγριοβλέπω (agriovlépo, “to look at with a menacing glance”)
αλληλοβλέπομαι (allilovlépomai, “see each other”)
αναβλέπω (anavlépo, “to see again, to look up”)
αποβλέπω (apovlépo, “to aspire, to aim at”)
διαβλέπω (diavlépo, “to foresee”)
επιβλέπω (epivlépo, “to supervise, to oversee”)
κακοβλέπω (kakovlépo, “to look at with animosity”)
καλοβλέπω (kalovlépo, “to look at with pleasure, delight”)
ξαναβλέπω (xanavlépo, “to see again”)
παραβλέπω (paravlépo, “to ignore, to overlook”)
προβλέπω (provlépo, “to foresee, to predict”)
προσβλέπω (prosvlépo, “to look forward to”)
πρωτοβλέπω (protovlépo, “to see first”)
συχνοβλέπω (sychnovlépo, “to see often”)
υποβλέπω (ypovlépo, “to covet”)
χαμηλοβλεπούσα f (chamilovlepoúsa)
αβλεψία f (avlepsía, “carelessness”)
αβλεψία • (avlepsía) f (plural αβλεψίες)
carelessness, negligence, oversight.
αβλέπτημα
αβλέπτημα • (avléptima) n (plural αβλεπτήματα)
oversight, lacuna
misprint, erratum, typo, lacuna.
see: αβλέπτημα n (avléptima, “oversight, misprint, typo”)
παρόραμα • (parórama) n (plural παροράματα)
misprint, erratum, typo.
lacuna f (plural lacune)
gap
blank (space)
lapse (of memory)
Hiatus
Borrowed from Latin lacūna (“ditch, gap”), diminutive form of lacus (“lake”).
Doublet of lagoon.
lacuna (plural lacunae or lacunas)
A small opening; a small pit or depression
a small blank space; a gap or vacancy; a hiatus.
An absent part, especially in a book or other piece of writing, often referring to an ancient manuscript or similar.
(microscopy) A space visible between cells, allowing free passage of light.
(translation studies) A language gap, which occurs when there is no direct translation in the target language for a lexical term found in the source language.
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Nous (UK: /naʊs/,[1] US: /nuːs/), sometimes equated to intellect or intelligence, is a term from classical philosophy for the faculty of the human mind necessary for understanding what is true or real. English words such as “understanding” are sometimes used, but three commonly used philosophical terms come directly from classical languages: νοῦς or νόος (from Ancient Greek), intellēctus and intellegentia (from Latin). To describe the activity of this faculty, the word “intellection” is sometimes used in philosophical contexts, as well as the Greek words noēsis and noeîn (νόησις, νοεῖν).
νοῦς • (noûs) m (genitive νοῦ); second declension (Attic)
contracted form of νόος (nóos)
νόος • (nóos) m
genitive - νόου
from νέω (néō, “I spin”), here meaning “to spin the thread of the mind”.
mind
perception, sense
mind as used in feeling, the heart, soul
the mind as used in resolving and purposing, will
an act of mind
thought
purpose, design
the sense or meaning of a word
(in Attic philosophy) intelligence, intellect, reason
(as named by Anaxagoras) the principle which acts on elementary particles of matter.
νόησῐς • (nóēsis) f (genitive νοήσεως); third declension
intelligence, understanding, mental perception
processes of thought
(concrete) idea, concept.
ANTONYM
αἴσθησις (aísthēsis, “sense-perception, sensation”)
δῐᾰ́νοιᾰ • (diánoia) f (genitive δῐᾰνοίᾱς); first declension (Attic, Ionic, Koine)
Noun
intention, purpose.
process of thinking.
capacity of thought: intelligence, understanding.
δια- (dia-) + νόος (nóos) + -ια (-ia). Compare διανοέομαι (dianoéomai).
νοεῖν • (noeîn)
Verb
present active infinitive of νοέω (noéō)
νοέω • (noéō) (Contracted: νοῶ (noô)
From νόος (“mind”) + -έω (denominative verbal suffix).
Verb
to perceive, observe, see, notice
to think, suppose
to think out, devise, contrive
(in infinitive) to be minded to do a thing
to conceive of, to deem
(of words) to bear a certain sense, to mean.
νοῶ • (noô)
Verb
Contracted form of νοέω (noéō)
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κοίτα • (koíta)
Verb
2nd person singular perfective imperative form of κοιτάω (koitáo).: “Look!”
κοιτάω • (koitáo) (simple past κοίταξα, passive κοιτιέμαι) Verb look at look after examine, look over.
κοιτώ • (koitó) (simple past κοίταξα, passive κοιτιέμαι)
Verb
Alternative form of κοιτάω (koitáo)
κοιτάζω • (koitázo) (simple past κοίταξα, passive κοιτάζομαι) Verb look at examine, look over look after an elderly person mind, take care (idiomatic) be interested Κοιτάζει την τσέπη του. ― He is interested in his pocket [his money]
κοιτάξτε (koitáxte, “may I explain”) (idiomatic, at beginning of sentences, drawing attention)
κοίτα να δεις (“literary: look and watch!”) (expresses surprise)
κοίτα να (“beware, be sure that”)
κοίτα να μην (“make sure to not”)
αλληλοκοιτάζομαι (“to look at each other”)
ακοίταχτος (“not examined; neglected”)
αγριοκοιτάζω (“to glower”)
αγριοκοιτάω - αγριοκοιτώ
αλληλοκοιτάζομαι (“to look at each other”)
αλληλοκοιτιέμαι
γλυκοκοιτάζω (“ogle”)
γλυκοκοιτάω, γλυκοκοιτώ
καλοκοιτάζω (“take a good look, look carefully)
καλοκοιτάω, καλοκοιτώ
κρυφοκοιτάζω (“look without being noticed”)
κρυφοκοιτάω, κρυφοκοιτώ
λοξοκοιτάζω (loxokoitázo, “sideglance”), λοξοκοιτάω, λοξοκοιτώ
ξανακοιτάζω (“look again”)
ξανακοιτάω, ξανακοιτώ
ξενοκοιτάζω (“have roving eye”)
ξενοκοιτάω, ξενοκοιτώ
στραβοκοιτάζω (“eye-roll to show contempt”)
συχνοκοιτάω, συχνοκοιτώ
συχνοκοιτάζω (“look often”)
στραβοκοιτάω, στραβοκοιτώ
αγριοκοιτάζω • (agriokoitázo) (simple past αγριοκοίταξα, passive αγριοκοιτάζομαι)
Verb
glower, look angrily at.
αγριο- (“wild”) + κοιτάζω (“to look at”)
αγριοκοίταγμα m (“the glare, the glower”)
glare, scowl (fierce, frowning look)
The glare or scowl itself.
αγριοκοιτάω • (agriokoitáo) (simple past αγριοκοίταξα)
Rare form of αγριοκοιτάζω (agriokoitázo).
PREFIX
From Ancient Greek ἄγριος ( “wild, fierce”)
αγριο- • (agrio-)
Prefix
expressing: a wild, uncultivated form of its affix.
αγριο- (agrio-) + κατσίκι (katsíki, “goat”) → αγριοκάτσικο (agriokátsiko, “wild goat”)
αγριο- (agrio-) + χόρτο (chórto, “plant”) → αγριόχορτο (agrióchorto, “weed”)
expressing: wildness, roughness, unruliness, crudity
αγριο- (agrio-) + μιλώ (miló, “to speak”) → αγριομιλώ (agriomiló, “to speak harshly”)
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βλέπω (vlépo, “to glance, to look”)
βλέμμα • (vlémma) n (plural βλέμματα)
Noun
The glance, the stare, the look.
ανάβλεμμα • (anávlemma) n (plural αναβλέμματα)
Noun
glance, look, stare
expression (in the eyes)
αναβλέπω • (anavlépo) (simple past ανέβλεψα, ανάβλεψα) Verb Look up. see again, recover sight. look up, look towards.
ανάβλεψη • (anávlepsi) f (plural αναβλέψεις)
Noun
seeing again (recovery of vision)
βλεφαρίδα f (vlefarída, “eyelash”)
βλέφαρο n (vléfaro, “eyelid”)
κόπιτσα f (kópitsa, “hook and eye”)
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ματιά • (matiá) f (plural ματιές)
Noun
look, glance
Ρίξε μια ματιά σ’ αυτό το φάκελο! (Have a look at this folder!)
μάτι • (máti) n (plural μάτια)
Noun
(anatomy, biology) eye
(figuratively) burner (element on a kitchen stove)
From Medieval Greek μάτιν (mátin) which is in turn from the Ancient Greek ὀμμάτιον (ommátion), diminutive of ὄμμα (ómma, “eye”).
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THE EYE OF HEAVEN
ὄμμᾰ • (ómma) n (genitive ὄμμᾰτος); third declension Noun the eye of heaven; i.e. the sun (generally) light (figuratively) that which brings light. (figuratively) anything dear or precious, as the apple of an eye. the face or human form. The eye hole in a helmet.
ὀφθαλμός • (ophthalmós) m (genitive ὀφθαλμοῦ); second declension
Noun
eye
sight
understanding
that which is dearest or best
the bud of a plant (such as the eye of a potato)
According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.
οφθαλμός • (ofthalmós) m (plural οφθαλμοί)
Noun
(anatomy) eye
bud, eye (of a plant’s shoot or flower)
ἐφορᾰ́ω • (ephoráō) Verb to oversee, watch over to look upon, behold. From ἐπι- (epi-) + ὁράω (horáō)
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όψη • (ópsi) f (plural όψεις)
Noun n
appearance, look, aspect.
εξ όψεως (ex ópseos, “by sight”)
εν όψει (en ópsei, “in sight”)
εκ πρώτης όψεως (ek prótis ópseos, “at first glance”)
ὄψῐς • (ópsis) f (genitive ὄψεως); third declension
Noun n
view
From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + -σῐς (-sis).
-σῐς
Abstract noun suffix.
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
ἔποψῐς • (épopsis) f (genitive ἐπόψεως); third declension
Noun
a view over, as far as the view from the temple reached.
oversight, supervision.
ὀπτῐκός • (optikós) m (feminine ὀπτῐκή, neuter ὀπτῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
of or relating to seeing, sight or vision.
From ὄψ (óps, “eye”) + -τῐκός (-tikós).
SUFFIX
-τῐκός
Added to verbal stems to form adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to,(-ive)
Etymology 1 ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension Noun (poetic) voice Homer, Iliad 16.76 (poetic) word Homer, Iliad 7.53 Etymology 2 ὄψ • (óps) f (genitive ὀπός); third declension (rare) eye, face.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs.
From *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) + *-s.
*h₃ókʷs n
eye
SUFFIX
*(ó)-s f
Derives nouns from roots.
Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós, “eye”)
compare Latin - oculus (anatomy) An eye (by extension) the power of sight a spot resembling an eye, such as on a peacock feather (botany) a bud, bulb on a root (figuratively) the mind's eye.
From Proto-Italic *okʷelos
*okʷelos m
eye.
Greek - ὄσσε
Eyes
from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷih₁
Dual declension
*h₃ókʷih₁
nominative/vocative/accusative dual of *h₃ókʷs
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φαίνω • (phaínō)
Verb
(transitive) I cause to appear, bring to light; I show, uncover, reveal.
From Proto-Hellenic *pʰáňňō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰn̥h₂ye-, from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”).
*bʰeh₂- (imperfective)
to shine, glow light.
φᾰ́σῐς • (phásis) f (genitive φᾰ́σεως); third declension
Noun
appearance
From φαίνω (phaínō) + -σις (-sis).
φῶς • (phôs) n (genitive φωτός); third declension
Noun
Attic form of φᾰ́ος (pháos)
φάος • (pháos) n (genitive φᾰ́εος); third declension
Noun
light, especially daylight
(poetic) the life of men
the light of a torch, fire, a light
the light of the eyes
light as a metaphor for delight, deliverance, happiness, victory, glory, etc.
φᾰεινός • (phaeinós) m (feminine φᾰεινή, neuter φᾰεινόν); first/second declension
Adjective
Epic form of φᾱνός (phānós, “bright, shining, resplendent”)
LATIN
Latin - iubar n (genitive iubaris); third declension
Noun
radiance of celestial bodies, light, splendor, sunshine
(figuratively) a splendid appearance, glory, splendor.
From Proto-Indo-European *dyew-bʰeh₂-es- (“bringing the light of daytime”, literally “sky-shining”), from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”) (whence Latin diēs (“day”)) and *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”) (whence Ancient Greek φάος (pháos, “light”)).
SANSKRIT भास् • (bhā́s) n (metrically bháas) Noun light, lustre radiance, effulgence glory, brilliance.
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰáHas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰáHas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os, from *bʰeh₂- (“shine”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φάος (pháos, “radiance, light”) (whence English photo-, phosphorescence), Latin (iu)bar and possibly Old English basu (“purple”).
OLD ENGLISH
basu
purple; scarlet; crimson.
From Proto-Germanic *baswaz (“crimson, purple”).
phosphorescence (countable and uncountable, plural phosphorescences)
The emission of light without any perceptible heat; the quality of being phosphorescent.
phosphorescent (comparative more phosphorescent, superlative most phosphorescent)
Having the property of emitting light for a period of time after the source of excitation is taken away, e.g., in electrostatic storage tubes and cathode-ray tubes.
From phosphorus + -escent.
SUFFIX
-escent
beginning to be; becoming
resembling.
From Latin -ēscēns, present participle of -ēscō (“I become”).
-ēscō
Forms verbs from adjectives meaning “become (adjective)”.
From -eō + -scō.
-eō
Forms stative verbs from adjectives.
-scō
Forms inchoative verbs from existing verbs, meaning “to start to (verb), to begin to (verb)”.
*(Ø)-sḱéti
Forms durative or iterative imperfective verbs from roots.
Proto-Indo-Iranian/ *bʰáHmas
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰóh₂-mo-s, from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine, glow light”) + *-mos (deverbal suffix).
*bʰáHmas m
light, splendor, radiance.
Proto-Celtic - *bānos
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”).
*bānos
white.
φᾱνός • (phānós) m (feminine φᾱνή, neuter φᾱνόν); first/second declension
Adjective
bright, shining, resplendent.
φᾱνός • (phānós) m (genitive φᾱνου); second declension
Noun
torch, lantern.
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”).
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μορφή • (morphḗ) f (genitive μορφῆς); first declension Noun shape, form appearance outline kind, type.
Μορφεύς • (Morpheús) m (genitive Μορφέως); third declension
Proper noun, a name.
Morpheus.
From μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, form”) + -εύς (-eús).
SUFFIX
-εύς • (-eús) m (genitive -έως); third declension
Added to noun or adjective stems to form a masculine noun of the person concerned with a thing
Added to an ancestor’s or place name to form a demonym: -ian
Added to verbal stems to form a masculine agent noun: -er
μορφόω • (morphóō)
Verb
To shape, to form.
I cause to shape, form, mold a thing.
From μορφή (morphḗ, “form, type”) + -όω (-óō)
-όω • (-óō)
Added to a noun or adjective to make a verb with a causative or factitive meaning: to make someone do or be something.
αγγελόμορφος (angelómorfos, “angelic”)
αμεταμόρφωτος (ametamórfotos, “untransformed”)
αμορφία f (amorfía, “shapelessness”)
αμορφοποίητος (amorfopoíitos, “unshaped”)
άμορφος (ámorfos, “amorphous, shapeless”)
μεταμορφώνω (metamorfóno, “to transform”)
όμορφος (ómorfos, “beautiful”)
and compare with: μόρφωση f (mórfosi, “education”)
μόρφωση • (mórfosi) f (uncountable) Non education erudition, learning shaping, form.
From Koine μόρφωσις (mórphōsis, “shaping”)
μόρφωσις • (mórphōsis) f (genitive μορφώσεως); third declension
Noun
shaping
form, semblance.
From μορφόω (morphóō, “to form”) + -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix).
morphosis (plural morphoses)
Noun
(biology) The way in which an organism (or an organ) changes form during development. [from 19th c.]
From Late Latin morphosis, from Ancient Greek μόρφωσις (mórphōsis, “shaping”).
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εκπαίδευση • (ekpaídefsi) f (plural εκπαιδεύσεις)
Noun
education (compare with παιδεία the teaching and training of the child)
Synonyms: παιδεία (paideía), παιδαγώγηση (paidagógisi), διαπαιδαγώγηση (diapaidagógisi)
instruction
Synonym: αγωγή (agogí)
schooling
Synonym: μόρφωση (mórfosi)
training
drill.
see: εκπαιδεύω (ekpaidévo, “to train”)
εκπαιδεύω • (ekpaidévo) (simple past εκπαίδευσα, passive εκπαιδεύομαι)
Verb
educate, train.
ανεκπαίδευτος (anekpaídeftos, “untrained”)
εκπαίδευση f (ekpaídefsi, “training, education”)
εκπαιδευτής m (ekpaideftís, “trainer”)
εκπαιδευτικός (ekpaideftikós, “educational”, adjective)
εκπαιδευτικός • (ekpaideftikós) m or f (plural εκπαιδευτικοί)
teacher.
μορφωτικός • (morfotikós) m (feminine μορφωτική, neuter μορφωτικό)
Adjective
educational, of education
μορφωτικά βιβλία (“educational books”)
cultural
μορφωτικός σύμβουλος (“cultural attaché”)
πολιτιστικός • (politistikós) m (feminine πολιτιστική, neuter πολιτιστικό)
Adjective
cultural
Κάθε χρόνο μία ευρωπαϊκή πόλη γίνεται η πολιτιστική πρωτεύουσα της Ευρώπης.
Káthe chróno mía evropaïkí póli gínetai i politistikí protévousa tis Evrópis.
Every year one European city becomes the cultural capital of Europe.
Morphologically from πολιτι(σμός) (politi(smós), “civilisation”) + -τικός.[1]
πολιτισμός • (politismós) m (plural πολιτισμοί)
culture, civilisation, way of life.
καλλιέργεια f (kalliérgeia, “cultivation”) (figuratively)
κουλτούρα f (koultoúra, “culture”) (of the arts)
κουλτούρα • (koultoúra) f (plural κουλτούρες)
culture.
From Latin cultūra.
cultūra f (genitive cultūrae); first declension
care, cultivation; agriculture, tillage, husbandry
culture, cultivation
(Medieval Latin) adoration, veneration.
From cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“I till, cultivate”).
cultus m (feminine culta, neuter cultum); first/second declension
tilled, cultivated, having been cultivated
protected, nurtured, having been protected
(figuratively) worshipped, honored, having been worshipped
(figuratively) dressed, clothed, adorned, having been adorned.
Perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate; worship”).
cultus m (plural cultussen, diminutive cultusje n) (religion) cult, a particular tradition of worship or veneration of deities, ancestors, guardians or saints.
sekte f (plural sekten or sektes, diminutive sektetje n)
(religion) cult (socially proscribed and often novel religious group)
(archaic, religion) sect (split-off religious or philosophical group)
From Latin - sequī
present active infinitive of sequor.
sequor (present infinitive sequī, perfect active secūtus sum); third conjugation, deponent
Verb
(with accusative) I follow, come or go after.
From Proto-Italic *sekʷōr, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).
Cognates Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai).
Related to Greek ἕπομαι • (hépomai)
Verb
I follow, obey [+dative = someone]
Synonym: ἀκολουθέω (akolouthéō) To Follow Behind. I stand by, support, help I attend, escort I pursue I keep pace with I come near, approach I cling, stick I belong to, am inseparable from I follow suit, agree with I follow, result, am a consequence of I understand.
SANSKRIT
Cognates Sanskrit- सचते • (sácate) (root सच्, class 1 A) (Vedic sácatai)
Verb
to be associated or united with, have to do with, be familiar with, associate oneself with
to be possessed of, enjoy
to take part or participate in, suffer, endure
to belong to, be attached or devoted to, serve, follow, seek, pursue, favour, assist
to be connected with
to fall to the lot of
to be together
to go after, follow, accompany, adhere or be attached to
to help any one to anything
to abide in
to follow, obey
to belong to
to be devoted to or fond of.
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LATIN
intellēctus
intellēctus m (feminine intellēcta, neuter intellēctum); first/second declension
Participle
having been understood, realised.
having been perceived, discerned.
intellēctus m (genitive intellēctūs); fourth declension Noun comprehension, understanding meaning, sense intellect reason, discerning.
From intellegō (“I understand; perceive”).
From inter- (“between”) + legō (“choose; read”).
intellegō (present infinitive intellegere, perfect active intellēxī, supine intellēctum); third conjugation
Verb
I understand, comprehend, realize, come to know.
I perceive, discern, see, observe, recognise; feel, notice.
From Latin - legō (present infinitive legere, perfect active lēgī, supine lēctum); third conjugation
Verb
I choose, select, appoint.
I collect, gather, bring together
I read
Graecum est, non legitur. ― It’s Greek, it cannot be read.
(Medieval Latin) I teach, profess.
From Proto-Italic *legō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-. Cognates include Ancient Greek λέγω (légō, “I speak, I choose, I mean”)
Proto-Italic/ *legō
*legō
gather, collect.
Proto-Indo-European
*leǵ- (imperfective)
to gather, collect, with derivatives meaning to speak.
*les- (imperfective)
to gather, to collect.
From Latin - ligāre
Verb
present active infinitive of ligō
From Latin - ligo
From Proto-Indo-European *leyǵ- (“to bind”)
λόγος
LOGOS
REASON - LOGIC - LOGS - ACCOUNTING
CALCULATE
equivalent to λογ- (“to calculate”)
From the root of λέγω (légō, “I say”).
αναλογία
ratio, proportion, analogy, rate, quota.
λόγος
reason, speech, ratio, word, cause, consideration.
λόγος • (lógos) m (genitive λόγου); second declension
Noun
That which is said: word, sentence, speech, story, debate, utterance.
That which is thought: reason, consideration, computation, reckoning.
An account, explanation, or narrative.
Subject matter.
(Christianity) The word or wisdom of God, identified with Jesus in the New Testament.
λόγος • (lógos) m (plural λόγοι) Noun word (unit of language) word (word of honour) speech, language speech, oration (mathematics) ratio reason, causation.
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λόγια • (lógia) n pl
words
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Original Word: λόγος, ου, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: logos
Phonetic Spelling: (log’-os)
Definition: a word (as embodying an idea), a statement, a speech
Usage: a word, speech, divine utterance, analogy.
3056 lógos (from 3004 /légō, “speaking to a conclusion”) – a word, being the expression of a thought; a saying. 3056 /lógos (“word”) is preeminently used of Christ (Jn 1:1), expressing the thoughts of the Father through the Spirit.
[3056 (lógos) is a common term (used 330 times in the NT) with regards to a person sharing a message (discourse, “communication-speech”). 3056 (lógos) is a broad term meaning “reasoning expressed by words.”]
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Original Word: λέγω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: legó Phonetic Spelling: (leg'-o) Definition: to say Usage: (denoting speech in progress), (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. HELPS Word-studies 3004 légō (originally, "lay down to sleep," used later of "laying an argument to rest," i.e. bringing a message to closure; see Curtius, Thayer) – properly, to say (speak), moving to a conclusion (bringing it to closure, "laying it to rest").
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The Gospel of John identifies the Christian Logos, through which all things are made, as divine (theos),[9] and further identifies Jesus Christ as the incarnate Logos.
Despite the conventional translation as “word”, it is not used for a word in the grammatical sense; instead, the term lexis (λέξις, léxis) was used.[11] However, both logos and lexis derive from the same verb légō (λέγω), meaning “(I) count, tell, say, speak”.
What logos means here is not certain; it may mean “reason” or “explanation” in the sense of an objective cosmic law, or it may signify nothing more than “saying” or “wisdom”.[17] Yet, an independent existence of a universal logos was clearly suggested by Heraclitus.
Aristotle identifies two specific types of persuasion methods: artistic and inartistic.[19] He defines artistic proofs as arguments that the rhetor generates and creates on their own. Examples of these include relationships, testimonies, and conjugates. He defines inartistic proofs as arguments that the rhetor quotes using information from a non-self-generated source. Examples of these include laws, contracts, and oaths.
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άλλα λόγια ν’αγαπιόμαστε •
(literally: Other words so we can love one another)
say no more, let’s not go there (what has already been said conveys all the meaning and information needed to draw a conclusion concerning a matter which it would be imprudent to discuss further)
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λογῐσμός • (logismós) m (genitive λογῐσμοῦ); second declension Noun calculation, computation (in plural): numbers reasoning, argument reflection, thought reasoning power, wisdom.
Greek: λογισμός m (“thoughts, calculation”)
From λογίζομαι (“I calculate”) + -μός (verbal noun suffix).
SUFFIX
-μός • (-mós) m (genitive -μοῦ); second declension
Forms abstract nouns.
-ισμός • (-ismós) m (genitive -ισμοῦ); second declension
Forms abstract nouns.
A suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine.
Proto-Indo-European - *-mós
*(Ø)-mós m
Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
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λογῐ́ζομαι • (logízomai) Verb I count, reckon (mathematics) I calculate, compute I consider, ponder, take into account I count on, expect I think, believe. From λόγος (lógos, “computation, reckoning”) + -ῐ́ζομαι (-ízomai, denominative mediopassive verb suffix).
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λογιστής • (logistís) m (plural λογιστές, feminine λογίστρια) Noun (commerce) accountant, book-keeper Εγώ δουλεύω σαν λογιστής. ― I work as an accountant.
From Ancient Greek λογιστής (logistḗs),
equivalent to…
λογ- (“to calculate”) + -ιστής (“-ist, -er”)
SUFFIX
-ιστής • (-istís) m (feminine -ίστρια)
added to a noun or adjective to create words for a male person who is a follower or supporter of that notion; (-ist)
added to a noun, adjective or verb to create words for a male person who behaves in a certain way;
(-ist, -er)
added to a noun or verb to create words for a male person who is a habitual doer of said action;
(-ist, -er)
From Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs). When it is added to a verb, it is usually of the ending -ίζω
-ῐ́ζω • (-ízō)
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs.
Used to form verbs from proper nouns of cities, demonyms, to denote.
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λογισμός • (logismós) m (plural λογισμοί)
Noun
(mathematics) calculation, calculus
(plural) thoughts.
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υπολογίζω • (ypologízo) active (simple past υπολόγισα, passive υπολογίζομαι) Verb calculate, compute Synonyms: λογαριάζω, στιμάρω (folksy) reckon, estimate Synonyms: νομίζω, θεωρώ gauge, estimate think highly of someone Synonym: στιμάρω (dialectal regional)
υπολογίζουμε • (ypologízoume)
Verb
1st person plural present active form of υπολογίζω.
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υπολογισμένος • (ypologisménos) m (feminine υπολογισμένη, neuter υπολογισμένο)
Participle
calculated, estimated
(of measurable things)
Όλες οι κρατικές δαπάνες είναι υπολογισμένες στον ετήσιο προϋπολογισμό.
All public expenses are calculated in the annual budget.
(of movements, especially repetitive ones)
Οι υπολογισμένες κινήσεις του έμπειρου χειρούργου.
The calculated movements of the experienced surgeon.
(of calculated activities, behaviours)
Οι αποφάσεις του προέδρου ήταν καλά υπολογισμένες· επανεκλέχτηκε.
The president’s decisions were well calculated; he was reelected.
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προϋπολογισμένος (“precalculated”)
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Perfect participle of υπολογίζομαι
(passive voice of υπολογίζω (“I calculate”).
υπολογίζομαι • (ypologízomai) passive (simple past υπολογίστηκα, active υπολογίζω)
Verb
be calculated, estimated
Τα έξοδα είχαν υπολογιστεί, αλλά η επιπλέον δαπάνη δεν υπολογίστηκε.
Ta éxoda eíchan ypologisteí, allá i epipléon dapáni den ypologístike.
The expenses were calculated, but the extra cost has not been calculated.
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CALCULATE
From Latin calculō, calculāre (“calculate”), from calculus (“pebble”), diminutive of calx (“limestone”), from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”).
χᾰ́λῐξ • (khálix) m or f (genitive χᾰ́λῐκος); third declension
Noun
small stone, pebble.
gravel, rubble (used in building and concrete making)
Probably cognate, ancestor, or descendant of Latin calx (“limestone, chalk”).
Latin - calx f (genitive calcis); third declension limestone chalk the white chalk finish line. From Latin calx (“lime”).
English - Chalk
From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English cealc, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”)
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COUNT
μετρώ • (metró) (simple past μέτρησα, passive μετριέμαι)
VERB
count, measure, include
count, matter.
From Proto-Indo-European root…
*meh₁-
to measure
μετράω • (metráo) (simple past μέτρησα, passive μετριέμαι)
Verb
Alternative form of μετρώ (metró)
φυλλομετρώ (fyllometró, “to leaf through a book”)
μέτρημα Noun That which is counted. A measured distance. A measurement.
μετρονόμος
A metronome.
from ancient Greek μέτρον ("measure")
Greek in origin:
metron "measure" and
nomos "regulating, law".
μέτρον • (métron) n (genitive μέτρου); second declension
Noun
something used to measure: measure, rule, weight
length, width, breadth
(music, poetry) metre.
From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”) + -τρον (-tron).
SUFFIX
-τρον • (-tron) n (genitive -τρου); second declension
Forms instrument nouns.
Transforms a noun into a tool or instrument.
νέμω • (némō) Noun to deal out, distribute, dispense (of herdsmen), to pasture or graze their flocks, drive to pasture, tend, lead the sheep. From Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to assign, allot; take”). *nem- to distribute to give, to take. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
μῆτῐς • (mêtis) f (genitive μήτῐος or μήτῐδος); third declension (poetic)
Noun
skill, counsel, plan.
From Proto-Indo-European *méh₁tis (“measurement”)
from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”). Cognate with Old English mǣþ.
πολύμητις • (polúmētis)
Adjective
of many counsels.
compound of πολύς (polús, “many”) + μῆτις (mêtis, “counsel”).
μητίετᾰ • (mētíeta) m (indeclinable)
Noun
(Epic) counselor; all-wise one (epithet of Zeus)
The counsellor or deviser. Epithet of Zeus.
μήτηρ cognate with L. mater, Eng. mother, German mutter. A mother, one's mother.
μητιάω
To deliberate, take counsel, concert measures.
To meditate, purpose, propose to oneself, have in mind.
To devise, plan, contrive, scheme to bring about.
μητίομαι
To exhibit skill or address.
To devise, plan, contrive, scheme to bring about.
μητιόεις
Skilful in attaining one’s ends.
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-λογῐ́ᾱ • (-logíā) f (genitive -λογῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Base for nouns denoting the study of something, or the branch of knowledge of a discipline.
From λόγος (lógos, “explanation”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix).
SUFFIX
-λογία • (-logía) f
Suffix
Suffix denoting the study of something, or the branch of knowledge of a discipline.
φιλολογία
From Middle French philologie, from Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”), from φίλος (phílos, “loved, beloved, dear, friend”) + λόγος (lógos)
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ἀστρολογία f (astrología, “astronomy; astrology”) γενεαλογία f (genealogía, “genealogy”) ἐτυμολογία f (etumología, “etymology”) θεολογία f (theología, “theology”) ἰᾱτρολογία f (iātrología) κοσμολογία f (kosmología, “cosmology”) μετεωρολογία f (meteōrología, “meteorology”) μῡθολογία f (mūthología, “romance, fiction, legend; story-telling”) ὀνειρολογία f (oneirología) ὀστεολογία f (osteología) τεχνολογία f (tekhnología, “technology”) χρονολογία f (khronología)
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Recent additions to the category επιστημολογία χρονολογία μεταφρασιολογία φορολογία γλωσσολογία ομολογία ψυχολογία νεκρολογία σκατολογία απεραντολογία Oldest pages ordered by last edit φορολογία απεραντολογία σκατολογία ομολογία μεταφρασιολογία χρονολογία επιστημολογία νεκρολογία ψυχολογία γλωσσολογία
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σχέση • (schési) f (plural σχέσεις) No n relationship (personal) relation, connection relationship (between two things) (automotive) gear, ratio (a particular combination or choice of interlocking gears)
ᾰ̓ρχή
BEGINNING
ᾰ̓ρχή • (arkhḗ) f (genitive ᾰ̓ρχῆς); first declension
beginning, origin
300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 1.1
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν.
En arkhêi epoíēsen ho theòs tòn ouranòn kaì tḕn gên.
In the beginning, God made the sky and the earth.
50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of John 1:1
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.
En arkhêi ên ho lógos, kaì ho lógos ên pròs tòn theón, kaì theòs ên ho lógos.
In the beginning, there was the word, and the word was with God, and God was the word.
sovereignty, dominion, authority
the end of a rope or stick, the corner of a sheet
New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 10:11:
[Πέτρος] θεωρεῖ […] ὀθόνην μεγάλην, τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς δεδεμένον, καὶ καθιέμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς
[Pétros] theōreî […] othónēn megálēn, téssarsin arkhaîs dedeménon, kaì kathiémenon epì tês gês
[Peter] beholds […] a great sheet, tied by four corners, and being let down on the earth.
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αρχή • (archí) f (plural αρχές) Noun. origin, beginning στην αρχή ― stin archí ― in the beginning principle authority government authorities (as plural)
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EXIST
υπάρχω (“to exist”)
προϋπάρχω (proÿpárcho, “preexist”)
συνυπάρχω (synypárcho, “coexist”)
ανύπαρκτος (anýparktos, “nonexistent”)
ανυπαρξία f (anyparxía, “nonexistence”)
αυθύπαρκτος (afthýparktos, “self-contained”)
ενυπάρχω (enypárcho, “exist inside”)
υπαρκτικός (yparktikós, “existential”)
υπαρκτός (yparktós, “existing”)
ύπαρξη f (ýparxi, “existence”)
υπαρξισμός m (yparxismós, “existentialism”)
υπαρξιακός (yparxiakós, “existentialist”)
υπαρξιστής m (yparxistís, “existentialist”)
υφίσταμαι (yfístamai, “to subsist”) -------------- Coordinate terms compare with: είμαι (eímai, “to be”) είμαι is more of a copulative word.
υπαρξισμός • (yparxismós) m (uncountable)
Noun
(philosophy) existentialism.
From ύπαρξη (“existence”) + -ισμός (-ism”)
SUFFIX -ισμός • (-ismós) m A suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ BEGIN - AUTHORITY - RULE
αρχή f (archí, “beginning; authority”) άρχω (“to govern; to begin”) απαρχή f (“beginning”) απαρχής (“from the beginning”, adverb) αποξαρχής (“from the beginning”, adverb) αρχήθεν (“from the beginning”, adverb) αρχίζω (“to begin”) αρχικά (“initially”, adverb) αρχικώς (“initially”, adverb) εξαρχής (“from the beginning”, adverb) κατ' αρχάς (“at first, initially”) κατ' αρχήν (“in principle”)
ενυπάρχω (enypárcho, “exist inside”) ιεραρχώ (ierarchó, “hierarchize”) καλοναρχώ (kalonarchó), καλαναρχώ (kalanarchó) (ecclesiastic) κανοναρχώ (kanonarchó) κυριαρχώ (kyriarchó, “prevail, dominate”) πειθαρχώ (peitharchó, “obey”) ποιμεναρχώ (poimenarchó) (ecclesiastic) προεξάρχω (proexárcho) (ecclesiastic)
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άρχω • (árcho) (passive άρχομαι) found only in the present tense
(formal, archaic) rule, exercise power, govern
(intransitive)
Άρχει με σιδερένια πυγμή. ― Árchei me siderénia pygmí. ― S/He rules with an iron fist.
(transitive) + genitive
Άρχει του κόμματος με σιδερένια πυγμή. ― Árchei tou kómmatos me siderénia pygmí. ― S/He rules the party with an iron fist.
(formal, archaic) (passive form) see άρχομαι: begin.
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νόμος
NOMOS - LAW
(That which is assigned)
nomos: that which is assigned, hence usage, law
Original Word: νόμος, ου, ὁ
Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine
Transliteration: nomos
Phonetic Spelling: (nom’-os)
Definition: that which is assigned, usage, law
Usage: usage, custom, law; in NT: of law in general, plur: of divine laws; of a force or influence impelling to action; of the Mosaic law; meton: of the books which contain the law, the Pentateuch, the Old Testament scriptures in general.
HELPS Word-studies
3551 nómos – law. 3551 (nómos) is used of: a) the Law (Scripture), with emphasis on the first five books of Scripture; or b) any system of religious thinking (theology), especially when nomos occurs without the Greek definite article.
3551 /nómos (“law”) then can refer to “the Law,” or “law” as a general principle (or both simultaneously). The particular sense(s) of 3551 (nómos) is determined by the context.
*ǵʰutós
TO POUR - LIBATION
GOD - Proto-Indo-European/ ǵʰutós
*ǵʰutós
Adjective
invoked
libated, poured as part of a liquid offering.
From *ǵʰewd-
Root
to pour
From *ǵʰew- (“pour, libate”) + *-tós.
*ǵʰew-
Root
to pour.
SUFFIX
*-tós
*(Ø)-tós
Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems.
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GREEK COGNATES
χέω • (khéō)
(of liquids) I pour I shed (of tears) I smelt, cast (of metal) (passive) I become liquid, melt, dissolve (of solids) I scatter, shed I throw up (of soil) I shower (of spears) I let fall, drop (passive) I am heaped up, mounded I move together, stream (perfect, passive) I am engaged, absorbed in.
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SANSKRIT COGNATES
जुहोति • (juhóti) (root हु, class 3, type P, present)
to sprinkle on
to worship or honor with
to sacrifice to
to offer or present an oblation.
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GERMAN
gießen
(transitive) to pour; usually only of liquids, especially of large quantities.
(transitive) to pour; to cast; to found (shape molten metal or glass by pouring)
(transitive, horticulture) to water.
(impersonal, intransitive, of rain) to pour down; to rain strongly.
begießen
Verb
to pour water over
to water (plants etc.)
(cooking) to baste
(figuratively) to celebrate.
From be- + gießen
be-
Inseparable verbal prefix that signifies working on something or change of state.
Inseparable verbal prefix that signifies touching the object.
Inseparable verbal prefix that signifies discussing or mentioning the object.
From Proto-Germanic *geutaną
To pour.
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”).
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LATIN
Latin fundō
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd-.
Cognates include Ancient Greek χέω
Cognates include Old English ġēotan.
fundō (present infinitive fundere, perfect active fūdī, supine fūsum); third conjugation, limited passive
(transitive) I pour out, shed
(military) I rout, scatter
(transitive) I found, make by smelting
(transitive, figuratively) I moisten, wet
(transitive) I extend, spread out
(transitive) I utter.
Proto-Italic
*hundō
pour out
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OLD ENGLISH
ġēotan Verb to pour, gush Hēo ġēat meoloc on þæt glæs. She poured milk into the glass. tēaras ġēotan to shed tears to cast, found (metal) Sēo anlīcnes wearþ fram þām cræftigan selfum ġegoten. The statue was cast by the artist himself.
From beġēotan
Verb
to pour over, soak
to anoint, besprinkle, drench, cover with, bestrew with.
From be- + ġēotan.
be-
A productive prefix usually used to form verbs and adjectives, especially:
verbs with the sense “around, throughout”,
transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns.
ġēotan
Verb
to pour, gush.
From Middle English: ȝeten
ȝeten (third-person singular simple present ȝeteþ, present participle ȝetende, simple past ȝatte, past participle ȝet)
Verb
To give by grant; to confer, bestow.
To give something up to someone; to yield.
To provide a service, e.g. counsel.
To give affirmation or permission; to assent.
To allow.
To admit, recognize or confess something to be true; to acknowledge.
(optative) May it be that…; were it that…
From From Old English ġēatan
ġēatan
Verb
To grant; affirm; assent to.
From From Proto-Germanic *jahatjaną.
From *jehaną (“to speak”) + *-atjaną.
*jahatjaną
Verb
to say ‘yes’, assent (to), consent, confirm, grant.
*jehaną
to speak, say, express.
SUFFIX
*-atjaną
Creates intensive verbs.
Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω
-άζω
Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives, and other verbs.
Added to verb stems to create a frequentative form.
ῥῑ́πτω (rhī́ptō, “throw”) + -άζω (-ázō) → ῥῑπτᾰ́ζω (rhīptázō, “throw around”)
Middle English - yeten
yeten (third-person singular simple present yetteþ, present participle yetende, simple past yette, past participle yoten)
(transitive) To pour out from a container.
(intransitive) To flow or gush.
(reflexive) To overflow.
(transitive, medicine) To emit fluid from the body.
(transitive, figuratively) To send out, to send forth; to express.
(transitive, medicine) to administer medication by drop or injection.
(transitive, chemistry) To melt or soften; to dissolve.
(transitive, smithing) To cast; to found.
(transitive) To disperse or scatter.
(transitive) To take out for use; to brandish.
ἦθος
ETHOS - ETHICS
ἦθος • (êthos) n (genitive ἤθους); third declension
Noun
character
custom, habit.
έθιμο
Custom
ἔθος • (éthos) n (genitive ἔθους or ἔθεος); third declension Noun habit, custom, manner disposition, temper habitually, customarily (in dative)
From ἔθω (éthō).
Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā, “habit, custom”).
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ἠθῐκός • (ēthikós) m (feminine ἠθῐκή, neuter ἠθῐκόν); first/second declension Adjective of or for morals moral expressing character.
From ἦθος (“character, moral nature”) + -ῐκός
SUFFIX
-ῐκός • (-ikós) m (feminine -ῐκή, neuter -ῐκόν); first/second declension
Added to noun stems to form adjectives: of or pertaining to, in the manner of; -ic.
-κός • (-kós) m (feminine -κή, neuter -κόν); first/second declension
Suffix
forms adjectives with the sense of ‘of or pertaining to’, ‘in the manner of’
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ἠθολόγος • (ēthológos) m or f (neuter ἠθολόγον); second declension
Adjective
painting manners or character by mimic gestures.
From ἦθος (“character”) + λόγος (“account”).
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ethos (plural ethe or ethea or ethoses)
The character or fundamental values of a person, people, culture, or movement.
(rhetoric) A form of rhetoric in which the writer or speaker invokes their authority, competence or expertise in an attempt to persuade others that their view is correct.
(aesthetics) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than realistic or emotional situations or individual character in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.
Original Word: ἦθος, ους, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: éthos
Phonetic Spelling: (ay'-thos)
Definition: custom
Usage: habit, manner, custom, morals.
HELPS Word-studies
2239 ēthos (from 1485 /éthos, "habit, custom") – "familiar morals," referring to daily life-style (moral habits, behavioral patterns). 2239 /ēthos ("habits, morally regarded") only occurs in 1 Cor 15:33.
[The English term “ethics” is derived from 2239 /ēthos.]
Original Word: ἔθος, ους, τό
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: ethos
Phonetic Spelling: (eth’-os)
Definition: custom, a usage (prescribed by habit or law)
Usage: a custom, habit; an institute, rite.
Cognate: 1485 éthos (from 1486 /éthō, “to be accustomed”) – an unwritten custom; behavior based on tradition (a habit) fixed by the religious social life of a nation. See 1486 (ethō).
contextually, usage prescribed by law, institute, prescription, rite:
εἴωθα Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: ethó Phonetic Spelling: (eth'-o) Definition: to be accustomed, custom Usage: I am accustomed, custom, what was customary.
ἔθο
éthō (cognate with 1485 /éthos, “behavior based on tradition or custom”) – doing what one is accustomed to do, i.e. on the basis of habit or tradition (see Mt 27:15; Lk 4:16; Ac 17:2).
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SANSKRIT
स्वधा • (svadhā́, svádhā) f
custom, habit, natural state
inherent power.
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Ethos (/ˈiːθɒs/ or US: /ˈiːθoʊs/) is a Greek word meaning “character” that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology.
Ethos (ἦθος, ἔθος; plurals: ethe, ἤθη; ethea, ἤθεα) is a Greek word originally meaning “accustomed place” (as in ἤθεα ἵππων “the habitats of horses”, Iliad 6.511, 15.268),[2] “custom, habit”, equivalent to Latin mores.
Ethos forms the root of ethikos (ἠθικός), meaning “moral, showing moral character”.[3] As an adjective in the neuter plural form ta ethika (τὰ ἠθικά), used for the study of morals, it is the origin of the modern English word ethics.
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LATIN
The concept of mores (/ˈmɔːreɪz/ sometimes /ˈmɔːriːz/;[1] from Latin mōrēs, [ˈmoːreːs], plural form of singular mōs, meaning ‘manner, custom, usage, or habit’) refers to social norms that are widely observed and are considered to have greater moral significance than others. Mores include an aversion for societal taboos, such as incest.[2] The mores of a society usually predicate legislation reinforcing their taboos. Often, countries will employ specialized vice squads or vice police to combat specific crimes offending against societal mores.
The Greek terms equivalent to Latin mores are ethos (ἔθος, ἦθος, ‘character’) or nomos (νόμος, ‘law’). As with the relation of mores to morality, ethos is the basis of the term ethics, nomos give the suffix -onomy, as in astronomy.
The meaning of all these terms extend to all customs of proper behavior in a given society, both religious and profane, from more trivial conventional aspects of custom, etiquette or politeness—”folkways” enforced by gentle social pressure, but going beyond mere “folkways” or conventions in including moral codes and notions of justice—down to strict taboos, behavior that is unthinkable within the society in question, very commonly including incest and murder, but also the commitment of outrages specific to the individual society such as blasphemy.
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CUSTOM
Convention (norm), a set of agreed, stipulated or generally accepted rules, norms, standards or criteria, often taking the form of a custom
Custom (law) or customary law, laws and regulations established by common practice
Norm (social), a rule that is socially enforced
Mores
Tradition
Minhag (pl. minhagim), Jewish customs
ʿUrf (Arabic: العرف), the customs of a given society or culture
Custom (canon law)
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HABBIT
συνήθεια • (synítheia) f (plural συνήθειες)
Noun
habit (habitual action)
πάθος
παθητικός
πᾰ́σχω
PAIN - SUFFERING - ENDURE
Pathos (/ˈpeɪθɒs/, US: /ˈpeɪθoʊs/; plural: pathea;
Greek: πάθος, for “suffering” or “experience”
adjectival form: pathetic from παθητικός
πάθος as an argument style appeals to the emotions of the audience and elicits feelings that already reside in them.
Pathos - appeal to emotions.
Ethos - appeal to traditions, customs & character.
Logos - appeal to reason.
Pathos is a communication technique used most often in rhetoric (in which it is considered one of the three modes of persuasion, alongside ethos and logos), as well as in literature, film, and other narrative art.
Emotional appeal can be accomplished in many ways, such as the following:
by a metaphor or storytelling, commonly known as a hook;
by passion in the delivery of the speech or writing, as determined by the audience; and
by personal anecdote.
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πᾰ́θος • (páthos) n (genitive πᾰ́θους or πᾰ́θεος); third declension
pain, suffering, death misfortune, calamity, disaster, misery any strong feeling, passion, emotion condition, state incident modification of words.
From παθ-
zero-grade of the root of πᾰ́σχω (“I feel, suffer”).
Compare the aorist ἔπαθον.
Related to πένθος (pénthos), as βάθος (báthos) is related to βένθος (bénthos).
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βᾰ́θος • (báthos) n (genitive βᾰ́θους or βᾰ́θεος); third declension
extension in space: depth, height, breadth, fullness
profundity
From βαθύς (bathús), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂dʰ- (“to sink, submerge”).
Greek: βάθος n (váthos, “rank, grade”)
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πένθος • (pénthos) n (genitive πένθους or πένθεος); third declension Noun grief, sorrow mourning a misery, misfortune.
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷendʰ-
cognate with πάθος and πάσχω.
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πᾰ́σχω • (páskhō)
to undergo, experience (as opposed to acting)
(with another person involved) have someone do something to oneself, to be treated a certain way by someone (with ὑπό (hupó) and genitive, sometimes with adverb of manner)
(in a negative sense) suffer at someone’s hands
Góðr
GOOD - GOD
From Old Norse góðr
positive - góðr (good)
comparative - betri (better)
superlative - beztr (best)
good, righteous, morally commendable good, honest, true góðir vinir — good friends kind, friendly góð orð — good, kind words good, gifted gott skáld — a good poet goodly, fine.
from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂d- (“good”).
*bʰed-
Root
to facilitate, improve, good.
*batizô (adverb *batiz)
comparative degree of *gōdaz
English - ("better")
As in, good, better, best.
*bataz (adverb *wela, comparative *batizô, superlative *batistaz)
good
*gōdaz - good
*batizô - better
*batistaz - best
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from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz
from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, suit”).
*gōdaz (adverb *wela, comparative *batizô, superlative *batistaz)
good.
Synonym: *bataz
Antonym: *ubilaz
*ubilaz (adverb *wirsiz,
comparative *wirsizô (worse)
superlative *wirsistaz (worst)
Adjective
bad, evil.
Cognates Old English: yfel
yfel (adverb yfele, comparative wyrsa, superlative wyrrest)
Adjectives ve
bad, bad in a moral sense, evil.
Cognates Old High German
übel (comparative übler, superlative am übelsten)
Adjective
evil, queasy, ill, bad.
Compare Dutch euvel, English evil.
Dutch euvel
Evil
English evil (comparative eviller or eviler or more evil, superlative evillest or evilest or most evil)
Adjective
Intending to harm; malevolent.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂upélos, diminutive of *h₂wep-, *h₂wap- (“treat badly”)
Cognate with Old Irish fel (“bad”)
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from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to join, to unite”).
*gʰedʰ-
to join
to unite
to suit.
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call, to invoke”)
*ǵʰewH-
to call on, invoke.
Sanskrit: जोहूयते (jóhūyate, “to call on, invoke”)
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SANSKRIT
भद्र • (bhadrá)
Adjective
blessed, auspicious, fortunate, prosperous, happy.
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰadrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰadrás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰed-ró-s, from *bʰed- (“good”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬠𐬀𐬜𐬭𐬀 (hubaδra), Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌶𐌰 (batiza), Icelandic betri, German besser, Dutch beter, Old English betera (whence English better).
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PROTO-GERMANIC
from Proto-Germanic *gudą [ˈɣu.ðɑ̃]
*gudą n
invoked one
god, deity.
from earlier *guþóm
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós.
Possibly from earlier “[libation made to an] idol” or “spirit immanent in a burial mound”.
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GOTHIC
𐌲𐌿𐌸
𐌲𐌿𐌸 • (guþ) m
Non
god, deity.
From Proto-Germanic *gudą (“god”)
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰutós.
Gothic Bible, John 10.35:
𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰, 𐌳𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌸,
jabai jainans qaþ guda, du þaimei waurd gudis warþ,
If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came … (KJV)
(Christianity) God
Synonym: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰 (frauja)
Gothic Bible, Mark 12.17:
𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐍉 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌹𐍃 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌸𐍉 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰. 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰.
jah andhafjands iēsus qaþ du im: usgibiþ þō kaisaris kaisara jah þō gudis guda. jah sildaleikidēdun ana þamma.
And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. And they marvelled at him. (KJV)
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DUTCH
goed
goed (comparative beter, superlative best) good. correct, right (factually or morally) Ik voel me goed. I feel good. Het is een goede informatiebron. It is a good source of information.
Antonym: slecht
slecht (comparative slechter, superlative slechtst)
Adjective
bad
(dialectal, obsolete) ordinary, simple, common, mean
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OLD IRISH
Old Irish: guth
guth m (genitive singular gutha or gotha, nominative plural guthanna or gothanna or gotha)
voice, vote.
From Old Irish guth, from Proto-Celtic *gutus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰuHtus, from *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”).
(Derived terms)
aon-ghuthach Meaning a people of one voice. From aon- + guth (“voice”) + -ach. From aon (“one, only”). mono-, uni- (one) homo- (same) \+ guth (“voice”) \+ -ach (plural -aich or -aichean) Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
guthach - voiced guth fulangach - passive voice guth spreigeach - active voice neo-ghuthach - voiceless \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Latvian: zavêt (“to cast a spell”)
Lithuanian: žavė́ti (“to fascinate, to charm”)
Slavic: *zъvati (“to call”) (see there for further descendants)
ῥήτωρ
ῥητορῐκός
PUBLIC SPEAKING - RHETORIC
THE ART OF PERSUASION
ῥητορῐκός • (rhētorikós) m
feminine ῥητορῐκή
neuter ῥητορῐκόν
Concerning public speaking or oration, rhetorical.
Aristotle’s Rhetoric (Ancient Greek: Ῥητορική, romanized: Rhētorikḗ; Latin: Ars Rhetorica[1]) is an ancient Greek treatise on the art of persuasion, dating from the 4th century BCE.
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ῥήτωρ (“public speaker”) + -ῐκός ῥήτωρ • (rhḗtōr) m (genitive ῥήτορος); third declension Noun orator, public speaker politician, statesman attorney, court advocate judge rhetorician.
From εἴρω (“I speak”).
Consists of ῥή- (rhḗ-) + -τωρ (-tōr).
SUFFIX
-τωρ • (-tōr) m (genitive -τορος); third declension
Used to form agent nouns
δώτωρ (dṓtōr, “a giver”), from δίδωμι (dídōmi, “to give”)
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LATIN
rhētor m (genitive rhētoris); third declension
teacher of rhetoric.
(derogatory) orator, rhetorician.
rhetorical (not comparable)
Part of or similar to rhetoric.
The use of language as a means to persuade.
A rhetorical question is one used merely to make a point, with no response expected.
Not earnest, or presented only for the purpose of an argument.
rhetorical question (plural rhetorical questions)
A question posed only for dramatic or persuasive effect.
(colloquial) A question to which the asker does not expect an answer.
Are you nuts? Don’t answer that – it’s a rhetorical question.
τάξη
τᾰ́σσω
Αταξία
Ευταξία
εντάξει
ORDER - CLASS - ARRANGEMENT
τάξη • (táxi) f (plural τάξεις)
Noun
class (set sharing attributes)
(biology, taxonomy) order.
τάξη ( order, class, arrangement) τᾰ́σσω (to order) Αταξία (out of order - disorder) Ευταξία (in good order - good shape) εντάξει (in order)
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τᾰ́ξῐς • (táxis) f (genitive τᾰ́ξεως or τᾰ́ξῐος); third declension arrangement, ordering battle array, order of battle (military) rank, line of soldiers post, place, position, rank division, brigade, company, cohort band, company arrangement, disposition, manner, nature assessment order, good order duty order, class
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From τᾰ́σσω (tássō, “I arrange”, “I order”, aorist passive participial stem: τᾰγ-, tag-) + -σῐς (-sis)
τᾰ́σσω • (tássō) Verb (transitive) to arrange, put in order (transitive, military) to arrange soldiers, array, marshal (passive) to fall in, form up (transitive) to post, station (transitive) to appoint, assign (transitive) to undertake (transitive) to order, command (transitive) to assess payments (transitive) to agree upon (transitive) to impose punishments, laws.
from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g-.
Cognate with Latin tangō and taxō.
τᾰ́ττω • (táttō)
Verb
Attic form of τᾰ́σσω (tássō)
SUFFIX
-σῐς •
Added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process.
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LATIN
taxō (present infinitive taxāre, perfect active taxāvī, supine taxātum); first conjugation
VERB
I feel, I touch sharply, I handle.
I charge, I twit, I reproach, I censure.
I rate, I appraise, I value, I estimate.
I judge, I compute, I reckon, I estimate.
tangō (present infinitive tangere, perfect active tetigī, supine tāctum); third conjugation Verb (transitive) I touch, grasp. Nōlī mē tangere. Don't touch me. (transitive) I reach, arrive at. (transitive) I attain to. (transitive) I move, affect. (transitive) I come home to.
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Old English þaccian (“to touch, pat”).
More at thack, thwack.
þaccian Verb to touch softly, stroke to pat to strike gently, tap; to clap to beat to put one thing into another, add to.
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εντάξει • (entáxei) (indeclinable) Adjective in order. all right. ἐν (“in”) + τάξει (“order”) Univerbation of the Katharevousa phrase εν τάξει, modelled after Ancient Greek ἐν (“in”) τάξει (“order”), the latter a dative form of τάξις.
εντάξει • (entáxei)
Interjection.
In order, all right, alright, OK.
τᾰ́ξει • (táxei)
Noun n.
dative singular of τᾰ́ξῐς (táxis)
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Αταξία
In disorder. Not ordered.
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Ευταξία
In good order.
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ENTROPY
εντροπία
From Ancient Greek ἔργον (“work”) + Ancient Greek τροπή (“transformation”)
A measure of the disorder in the system.
A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.
The capacity factor for thermal energy that is hidden with respect to temperature.
The dispersal of energy; how much energy is spread out in a process, or how widely spread out it becomes, at a specific temperature.
A measure of the amount of information and noise present in a signal.
The tendency of a system that is left to itself to descend into chaos.
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τρέπω • (trépō)
Verb
I turn.
τρέπω • (trépo) (simple past έτρεψα, passive τρέπομαι) Verb divert, convert τρέπομαι σε φυγή ― Ι flee, run away τράπηκε σε φυγή ― S/he fled ετράπη εις φυγήν (in ancient fashion) ― S/he fled turn, veer.
ανατρέπω (“to thwart, to overturn”) αποτρέπω (“to avert, to dissuade”) παρεκτρέπομαι (“to misbehave”) μετατρέπω (“to transform, to convert”) επιτρέπω (“to allow”) προτρέπω (“to incite, to encourage”)
τρόπος • (trópos) m (genitive τρόπου); second declension Noun a turn, way, manner, style a trope or figure of speech a mode in music a mode or mood in logic the time and space on the battlefield when one side's belief turns from victory to defeat, the turning point of the battle. From τρέπω (trépō) + -ος (-os).
τροπή • (tropḗ) f (genitive τροπῆς); first declension Noun a turning, turn back, retreat, return. turning away the enemy, a rout solstice trope. From τρέπω (trépō) + -η (-ē). SUFFIX -η Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.
τροπῐκός • (tropikós) m (feminine τροπῐκή, neuter τροπῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
of or pertaining to a turn or change
of or pertaining to the solstice
of or pertaining to a trope or figure.
From τροπή (tropḗ, “a turn, turning, solstice, trope”) + -ῐκός (-ikós).
τροπαῖος • (tropaîos) m (feminine τροπαίᾱ, neuter τροπαῖον); first/second declension
Adjective
of a turning or change.
of or for defeat.
Routing the enemy.
turning away, averting.
From τροπή (tropḗ, “turn”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).
τρόπαιον • (trópaion) n (genitive τροπαίου); second declension
Noun
trophy, a monument to an enemy’s defeat.
From τροπαῖος (tropaîos, “of defeat”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “rout, turning of an enemy”).
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ενθαλπία
in-warm
the measure of heat within a material system.
From Ancient Greek ἐνθάλπω (“to warm in”)
enthalpy (countable and uncountable, plural enthalpies)
(physics, chemistry) In thermodynamics, a measure of the heat content of a chemical or physical system.
H=U+pV
where H is enthalpy, U is internal energy, p is pressure, and V is volume.
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ακαταστασία • (akatastasía) f (uncountable)
Noun
mess, disorder, confusion
changeability (of weather)
ακατάστατος • (akatástatos) m feminine ακατάστατη neuter ακατάστατο Adjective untidy, messy, disordered, variable.
PREFIX
ακατά-
from α (not) + κατά (intensifier) = very much not
χάος • (cháos) n Noun (singular only) chaos (singular only, figuratively) disorder, mess (singular only, mathematics) chaos.
χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους Noun the primordial state of existence space, air abyss, chasm infinite darkness.
Related to χάσκω (kháskō, “to open the mouth, gape, yawn”)
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰan- / *gʰan- (“to yawn, to gape”) with inchoative verbal suffix -σκω
SUFFIX
-σκω
verb, incomplete action, behavior in progress.
inchoative verbal suffix.
χᾰ́σκω • (kháskō)
Verb
to yawn, gape, open wide.
(chiefly in Comic Poets) to gape in eager expectation.
to yawn from weariness, ennui or inattention.
(less common) to speak with open mouth, to utter.
To open and swallow.
χάσμα • (khásma) n genitive χάσματος Noun hollow, chasm, gulf open mouth space, expanse. From χάσκω (“I yawn, gape”) + -μα (result noun suffix).
SUFFIX
-μα (result noun suffix).
Ἰωνᾶς
Jonas
DOVE
Original Word: Ἰωνᾶς, ᾶ, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: Iónas Phonetic Spelling: (ee-o-nas') Short Definition: Jonah Definition: (Hebrew), Jonah, the Hebrew prophet.
Jonah (or Jonas), a fisherman, father of the apostle Peter: Matthew 16:17.
Of Hebrew origin (Yonah); Jonas (i.e. Jonah), the name of two Israelites – Jonas.
see HEBREW Yonah
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JONAH = PROPHET
Yonah: an Israelite prophet Original Word: יוֹנָה Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Yonah Phonetic Spelling: (yo-naw') Short Definition: Jonah
The same as yownah; Jonah, an Israelite – Jonah.
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YONAH = DOVE
yonah: dove Original Word: יוֹנִים Part of Speech: Noun Feminine Transliteration: yonah Phonetic Spelling: (yo-naw') Short Definition: dove
allowing itself to be snared); simile of return of exiles, like eager flight of doves Hosea 11:11, of ships with white outspread sails Isaiah 60:8.
simile of mourning
figurative of beauty (only Canticles): עֵינַיִךְ יוֺנִים thine eyes are (those of) doves Songs 1:15; Songs 4:1.
Probably from the same as yayin; a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating) – dove, pigeon.
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YAYIN = WINE
yayin: wine Original Word: יָ֫יִן Part of Speech: Noun Masculine Transliteration: yayin Phonetic Spelling: (yah'-yin) Short Definition: wine
common drink, for refreshment .
article of commerce Ezekiel 27:18; Nehemiah 13:15
among supplies in strongholds 2Chronicles 11:11
intoxicating, unfair for kings.
metaphor of wisdom’s drink Proverbs 9:2,5.
of ׳יs wrath Jeremiah 25:15.
of confusion sent by ׳י, יַיִן תַּרְעֵלָה wine of reeling Psalm 60:5.
of ׳יs awaking for vengeance, like a wine-shouter Psalm 78:65;
of Babylon’s fierce power Jeremiah 51:7;
of love Songs 5:1; יֵין חֲמָסִים Proverbs 4:17;
in simile of one bursting with words Job 32:19;
of disheartened prophet Jeremiah 23:9 (כְּגֶבֶר עֲבָרוֺיַיִן);
of lover’s mouth Cant 7:10 (see above); love is better than wine Cant 1:2; 4:10.
Μωσῆς
Μωϋσέως
Μωσῆ
Μωσεῖ
MOSES
The agent by whom ׳י (Yah) gave us the law.
Original Word: Μωσῆς, έως, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: Móusés Phonetic Spelling: (moce-yoos') Short Definition: Moses Definition: Moses; met: the books of Moses, the Pentateuch.
the famous leader and legislator of the Israelites in their migration from Egypt to Palestine.
a word which signifies in Egyptian water-saved?
By metonymy, equivalent to the Books of Moses.
Or Moses (mo-sace’), or Mouses (mo-oo-sace’) of Hebrew origin; (Mosheh) Moseus, Moses, or Mouses (i.e. Mosheh), the Hebrew lawgiver – Moses.
Mosheh: a great Isr. leader, prophet and lawgiver Original Word: מֹשֶׁה Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Mosheh Phonetic Spelling: (mo-sheh') Short Definition: Moses.
Moses, the great Hebrew leader, prophet and lawgiver (probably = Egyptian mes, mesu, child.
agent by whom ׳י (Yah) gave law.
From mashah; drawing out (of the water), i.e. Rescued; Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver – Moses.
Strong's Concordance mashah: to draw Original Word: מָשָׁה Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: mashah Phonetic Spelling: (maw-shaw') Short Definition: drew, to draw out water.
(Talmud) wash the hands; Zinjirli משׂי[י] perhaps wash oneself.
A primitive root; to pull out (literally or figuratively) – draw(out).
From mashah; drawing out (of the water), i.e. Rescued; Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver – Moses.
Rescued from drowning in the turbulent waters caused by ‘the pathogen’. The cure to wickedness.
Original Word: Μωσῆς, έως, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: Móusés Phonetic Spelling: (moce-yoos') Definition: Moses, a leader of Isr Usage: Moses; met: the books of Moses, the Pentateuch.
a word which signifies in Egyptian water-saved,
i. e. ‘saved from water’
the Hebrew form מֹשֶׁה, which in Exodus 2:10 is derived from מָשָׁה to draw out)
the genitive ends in Μωσέως (as if from the nominative Μωυσευς), in the Sept. Μωσῆ, as Numbers 4:41, 45, 49, etc. dative Μωσῆ (as in the Sept., cf. Exodus 5:20; Exodus 12:28; Exodus 24:1; Leviticus 8:21, etc.) and Μωσεῖ (for the manuscripts and accordingly the editors vary between the two (but T WH Μωσῆ only in Acts 7:44 (influenced by the Sept.?).
Mosheh: a great Isr. leader, prophet and lawgiver
Original Word: משֶׁה
Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine
Transliteration: Mosheh
Phonetic Spelling: (mo-sheh’)
Definition: a great Israelite leader, prophet and lawgiver.
mashah: to draw, pull out Original Word: מָשָׁה Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: mashah Phonetic Spelling: (maw-shaw') Definition: to draw.
מָשָׁה] verb draw (Arabic cleanse uterus of camel, Aramaic clean, stroke, the face, etc.; מְשָׁא (Talmud) wash the hands; Zinjirli משׂי[י] perhaps wash oneself,
Qal Perfect suffix מִןהַֿמַּיִם מְשִׁיתִהוּ Exodus 2:10 out of the water I drew him (used to explain משֶׁה, but see this below)
Ἰωσήφ
God Adds
Original Word: Ἰωσήφ, ὁ Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable Transliteration: Ióséph Phonetic Spelling: (ee-o-safe') Short Definition: Joseph Definition: Joseph, a proper name.
Of Hebrew origin (Yowceph); Joseph, the name of seven Israelites – Joseph.
Strong's Concordance Yoseph: "he increases," a son of Jacob, also the name of several Israelites Original Word: יוֹסֵף Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Yoseph Phonetic Spelling: (yo-safe') Short Definition: Joseph
“he increases,” a son of Jacob, also the name of several Isr.
as founder of a tribal division ׳מַטֵּה יו ( = Manasseh)
Yehoseph: Joseph Original Word: יְהוֹסֵף Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Yehoseph Phonetic Spelling: (yeh-ho-safe') Short Definition: Joseph
yasaph: to add Original Word: יָסַף Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: yasaph Phonetic Spelling: (yaw-saf') Short Definition: again
יָסַף verb meaning to add.
Yoseph: "he increases," a son of Jacob, also the name of several Israelites Original Word: יוֹסֵף Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Yoseph Phonetic Spelling: (yo-safe') Short Definition: add
Future of yacaph; let him add (or perhaps simply active participle adding); Joseph, the name of seven Israelites – Joseph. Compare Yhowceph.
see HEBREW yacaph
Ήλιος
ήλιος
HELIOS - THE SUN
ήλιος • (ílios) m (plural ήλιοι)
sun (star that the Earth orbits) Η Γη περιστρέφεται γύρω από τον ήλιο. ― I Gi peristréfetai gýro apó ton ílio. ― The Earth revolves around the sun. (by extension) sunlight, daylight (by extension) sunny weather sun (any star orbited) (figuratively) sunflower.
ἥλιος
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from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.
*sóh₂wl̥ n
sun.
from Proto-Hellenic *hāwélios
*hāwélios m
sun
From Ancient Greek Ἥλιος (Hḗlios, “sun”).
Helios
(Greek mythology) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.
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SANSKRIT
सूर • (sū́ra) m
the Sun
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LATIN
from Latin sōl (“sun”)
sol m (plural soles)
sun sunlight sunny side (of a place) quítate do sol ― go away from sunny side daylight (time between sunrise and sunset)
Borrowed from Spanish sol (“sun”)
sol (plural sols)
A Spanish-American gold or silver coin, now the main currency unit of Peru (also new sol), or a coin of this value.
sol (plural sols)
(historical) An old French coin worth 12 deniers.
From Proto-Italic *soliðos, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-i-dʰ-o-s (“entire”), suffixed form of root *solh₂- (“integrate, whole”).
solidus m (genitive solidī); second declension
A solidus: a Roman ~23-carat gold coin introduced by Diocletian in AD 301.
(Medieval) A bezant: the solidus’s debased Byzantine successors.
(Medieval) A shilling, as a unit of account or silver coin.
c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris
Libra continet viginti solidos
The [London] pound contains twenty shillings.
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Ἡλῐόδωρος • (Hēliódōros) m (genitive Ἡλῐοδώρου); second declension
A male given name, equivalent to English Heliodorus.
From Ἥλῐος (Hḗlios, “the god Helios”) + δῶρον (dôron, “gift”).
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αλεξήλιο n (alexílio, “parasol”)
ηλιάζω (iliázo, “to sunbathe, to dry in the sun”)
ηλιακωτό n (iliakotó, “sunny spot, sun trap”)
ηλίανθος m (ilíanthos, “sunflower”)
ηλίαση f (ilíasi, “sunstroke”)
ηλιαχτίδα f (iliachtída, “sunbeam”)
ήλιο n (ílio, “helium”)
ηλιοθεραπεία f (iliotherapeía, “sunbathing, sun therapy”)
ηλιόλουστος (ilióloustos, “sunny”)
ηλιόλουτρο n (ilióloutro, “sunbathing, sun therapy”)
ηλιόφωτος (iliófotos, “sunny”)
ηλιόχαρος (iliócharos, “sunny”)
ηλιοψημένος (iliopsiménos, “suntanned”)
λιάζω (liázo, “to sunbathe, to dry in the sun”)
λιακάδα f (liakáda, “sunshine”)
λιακωτό n (liakotó, “sunny spot, sun trap”)
יִשְׂרָאֵל
Yisrael
Israel
God Strives - Struggle with God
Yisrael: "God strives," another name of Jacob and his desc. Original Word: יִשְׂרָאֵל Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Yisrael Phonetic Spelling: (yis-raw-ale')
from sarah and el
“God strives,”
another name of Jacob and his desc.
El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) usually - El contendeth or Let El contend.
Egyptian Y-si-r-‘l
undivided kingdom, whole people of…
׳יִשׂ = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah.
usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall.
׳יִשׂ also = Judah
Chronicles: ׳יִשׂ of whole people.
׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ, (1) of undivided people
׳יִשׂ = the laity, opposed to priests.
From sarah and ‘el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity: –Israel.
Sarah
שָׂרָה
sarah: to persist, exert oneself, persevere Original Word: שָׂרָה Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: sarah Phonetic Spelling: (saw-raw') Short Definition: contended.
to persist, exert oneself, persevere.
שָׂרָה verb persist, exert oneself, persevere.
A primitive root; to prevail.
have power (as a prince).
EL
אֵל
el: God, in pl. gods Original Word: אֵל Part of Speech: Noun Masculine Transliteration: el Phonetic Spelling: (ale) Short Definition: God
goddess אלת
Phoenician, Palmyrene
Nabataean, Sabean
applied to men of might and rank.
Παλμύρα
Palmyra
Palmyrene
The Greek name Παλμύρα (Latinized Palmyra) is first recorded by Pliny the Elder in the 1st century AD.
It is generally believed that “Palmyra” derives from “Tadmor” and two possibilities have been presented by linguists; one view holds that Palmyra was an alteration of Tadmor.[8] According to the suggestion by Schultens, “Palmyra” could have arisen as a corruption of “Tadmor”, via an unattested form “Talmura”, changed to “Palmura” by influence of the Latin word palma (date “palm”),[2] in reference to the city’s palm trees, then the name reached its final form “Palmyra”.[11] The second view, supported by some philologists, such as Jean Starcky, holds that Palmyra is a translation of “Tadmor” (assuming that it meant palm), which had derived from the Greek word for palm, “Palame”.
An alternative suggestion connects the name to the Syriac tedmurtā (ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ) “miracle”, hence tedmurtā “object of wonder”, from the root dmr “to wonder”
According to this theory, “Tadmor” derives from the Hurrian word tad (“to love”) with the addition of the typical Hurrian mid vowel rising (mVr) formant mar.[12] Similarly, according to this theory, “Palmyra” derives from the Hurrian word pal (“to know”) using the same mVr formant (mar).
Ἑβραῖος
A Hebrew.
Heber, an ancestor of Christ.
Of Hebrew origin (Eber); Eber, a patriarch.
Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: Hebraios Phonetic Spelling: (heb-rah'-yos) Short Definition: a Hebrew Definition: a Hebrew, particularly one who speaks Hebrew (Aramaic).
Ἑβραῖος (WH Ἐβραῖος, see their Introductory § 408), ἑβραιου, ὁ, a Hebrew (עִבְרִי a name first given to Abraham, Genesis 14:13, afterward transferred to his posterity descended from Isaac and Jacob; by it in the O. T. the Israelites are both distinguished from and designated by foreigners, as afterward by Pausanias, Plutarch, others. The name is now generally derived from עֵבֶר for הַנָּהָר עֵבֶר, i. e. of the region beyond the Euphrates, whence עִבְרִי equivalent to one who comes from the region beyond the Euphrates.
Original Word: Ἕβερ, ὁ
Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable
Transliteration: Eber
Phonetic Spelling: (eb-er’)
Short Definition: Eber
Definition: Eber, father of Peleg and son of Shelah.
Ἰσραηλίτης
an Israelite; a descendant of the elect-nation of Israel.
Israēlítēs (“Israelite”) has a positive (covenant) overtone, implying someone is a true covenant-believer.
In contrast, 1445 /Hebraíos (“Jew”) in the NT has a negative implication of being hostile to Christ, the true Messiah.
one of the race of Israel, a name held in honor.
(see Ἰσραήλ)
From Israel; an “Israelite”, i.e. Descendant of Israel (literally or figuratively) – Israelite.
Original Word: Ἰσραηλίτης, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: Israelites Phonetic Spelling: (is-rah-ale-ee'-tace) Short Definition: an Israelite Definition: an Israelite, one of the chosen people of Israel, a Jew.
Ἰσραήλ
Original Word: Ἰσραήλ, ὁ
Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable
Transliteration: Israél
Phonetic Spelling: (is-rah-ale’)
Short Definition: Israel
Definition: (Hebrew), Israel, surname of Jacob, then the Jewish people, the people of God.
Israél: Israel, the name of the Jewish people and their land.
Israel; the elect-nation of God in the OT “consummated by the inclusion of Gentile believers in the NT to form the body of Christ”
Israel, a name given to the patriarch Jacob (and borne by him in addition to his former name from Genesis 32:28 on): ὁ οἶκος Ἰσραήλ, the family or descendants of Israel, the race of Israel (A. V. the house of Israel)
By metonymy, for the posterity of Israel i. e. the Israelites (a name of especially honor because it made reference to the promises of salvation through the Messiah, which were given to Jacob in preference to Esau, and to be fulfilled to his posterity (see Ἰουδαῖος)
ὁ Ἰσραήλ κατά σάρκα, Israelites by birth, i. e. Jews.
in an emphatic sense, οὐ γάρ πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ κτλ., for not all those that draw their bodily descent from Israel are true Israelites, i. e. are those whom God pronounces to be Israelites and has chosen to salvation.
Of Hebrew origin (Yisra’el); Israel (i.e. Jisrael), the adopted name of Jacob, including his descendants (literally or figuratively) – Israel.
Ναθαναήλ
Gift of God, Given of God.
Original Word: Ναθαναήλ, ὁ
Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable
Transliteration: Nathanaél
Phonetic Spelling: (nath-an-ah-ale’)
Short Definition: Nathanael
Definition: Nathanael, of Cana in Galilee, an early disciple, probably to be identified with Bartholomew.
Nathanael (probably the same as Bartholomew)
Ναθαναήλ, ὁ (נְתַנְאֵל, gift of God), Nathanael, an intimate disciple of Jesus.
Of Hebrew origin (Nthane’l); Nathanael (i.e. Nathanel), an Israelite and Christian – Nathanael.
Nethanel: "given of God," the name of a number of Isr. Original Word: נְתַנְאֵל Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Nethanel Phonetic Spelling: (neth-an-ale')
from nathan and el
“given of God,” the name of a number of Isr.
נָתַן - Nathan nathan: to give, put, set Original Word: נָתַן Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: nathan Phonetic Spelling: (naw-than') Short Definition: give
Ναζαρέτ
Original Word: Ναζαρέτ, ἡ
Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable
Transliteration: Nazara or Nazaret or Nazareth
Phonetic Spelling: (nad-zar-eth’)
Short Definition: Nazareth
Definition: Nazareth, a city of Galilee, where Jesus lived before His ministry.
Nazareth, a city in Galilee.
Nazareth, a town of lower Galilee, mentioned neither in the O. T., nor by Josephus, nor in the Talmud (unless it is to be recognized in the appellation נֵצֶר בֶּן, given there to Jesus Christ). It was built upon a hill, in a very lovely region and was distant from Jerusalem a three days’ journey, from Tiberias eight hours (or less); it was the home of Jesus its present name is en Nazirah, a town of from five to six thousand inhabitants.
As respects the Hebrew form of the name, it is disputed whether it was נֵצֶר ‘a sprout’, ‘shoot’
Nazaret, a place in Palestine.
יְהוּדָה
Yehudah
Judah
Yehudah: probably "praised," a son of Jacob, also his desc., the S. kingdom, also four Israelites Original Word: יְהוּדָה Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Yehudah Phonetic Spelling: (yeh-hoo-daw') Short Definition: Judah
probably from yadah
object of praise
son of Jacob and Leah, explained by Leah’s words I will praise.
בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה sons of Judah
tribe descended from Judah.
nation, of southern kingdom under dynasty of David, as distinguished from northern kingdom of Ephraim or Israel.
A Levite in Ezra’s time.
וִֽיהוּדָה֙ - Judah
יָדָה
yadah
yadah: to throw, cast Original Word: יָדָה Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: yadah Phonetic Spelling: (yaw-daw') Short Definition: thanks
throw, cast on or in - meaning publish?
Publicly acknowledge your association with.
give thanks, confess (originally acknowledge ?) is commonly derived, perhaps from gestures accompanying the act.
give thanks, laud, praise.
confess, profess.
cast out, make confession, praise, shoot, give thankful.
יָד
yad
yad: hand Original Word: יָד Part of Speech: Noun Feminine Transliteration: yad Phonetic Spelling: (yawd) Short Definition: hand
Metaphorically:
The Monetary Power, Military Power and Legal Power conferred to an occupant of an office.
especially figurative of consecrating or installing (as priest)
Investiture into office with its accompanying commission and powers.
(certainly) of offering gifts to.
man is work of God’s hand.
taking an oath.
one’s hand bringing deliverance to, gaining success, by force.
Ἰούδας
Original Word: Ἰούδας, α, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: Ioudas Phonetic Spelling: (ee-oo-das') Short Definition: Judah, Judas, Jude Definition: Judah, Judas, Jude.
Judah, Judas, the name of several Isr., also one of the twelve tribes of Isr., also the Southern kingdom.
the fourth son of the patriarch Jacob.
metonymy, the tribe of Judah, the descendants of Judah:
ὁ οἶκος Ιουδα, citizens of the kingdom of Judah.
Judah (or Judas) an unknown ancestor of Christ.
Judas surnamed the Galilaean, a man who at the time of the census under Quirinus (better Quirinius), excited a revolt in Galilee: Acts 5:37 (Josephus, Antiquities 18, 1, 1, where he is called ὁ Γαυλανιτης because he came from the city Gamala, near the Lake of Galilee in lower Gaulanitis; but he is called also ὁ Γαλιλαῖος by Josephus.
Judas, surnamed Barsabas.
Judas, an apostle, John 14:22, who is called Ἰούδας Ἰακώβου in Luke 6:16.
Judas, the brother of our Lord: Matthew 13:55.
Ἰουδαῖος
Original Word: Ἰουδαῖος, αία, αῖον Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: Ioudaios Phonetic Spelling: (ee-oo-dah'-yos) Short Definition: Jewish Definition: Jewish.
belonging to the Jewish race.
Jewish as respects birth, race, religion; a Jew.
before the exile citizens of the kingdom of Judah; after the exile all the Israelites.
Ἰουδαῖοι
Ἰουδαῖοι is used of converts from Judaism, Jewish Christians.
The apostle John, inasmuch as agreeably to the state of things in his day he looked upon the Jews as a body of men hostile to Christianity, with whom he had come to see that both he and all true Christians had nothing in common as respects religious matters, even in his record of the life of Jesus not only himself makes a distinction between the Jews and Jesus, but ascribes to Jesus and his apostles language in which they distinguish themselves from the Jews, as though the latter sprang from an alien race: John 11:8; John 13:33. And those who (not only at Jerusalem, but also in Galilee, cf. John 6:41, 52) opposed his divine Master and his Master’s cause — especially the rulers, priests, members of the Sanhedrin, Pharisees — he does not hesitate to style οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, since the hatred of these leaders exhibits the hatred of the whole nation toward Jesus.
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Jerusalem
Original Word: Ἱεροσόλυμα, ατος, τά, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine; Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: Hierosoluma
Phonetic Spelling: (hee-er-os-ol’-oo-mah)
Short Definition: Jerusalem
Definition: the Greek form of the Hebrew name: Jerusalem.
Hierosólyma, dwelling of peace.
יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ
Yerushalaim
Foundation of peace.
Yerushalaim or Yerushalayim: probably “foundation of peace,” capital city of all Isr.
Original Word: יְרוּשָׁלַ֫םִ
Part of Speech: proper name, of a location
Transliteration: Yerushalaim or Yerushalayim
Phonetic Spelling: (yer-oo-shaw-lah’-im)
Original Word: יְרוּאֵל Part of Speech: Proper Name Location Transliteration: Yruw'el Phonetic Spelling: (yer-oo-ale') Short Definition: Jeruel
יְרוּאֵל (founded of El)
From yarah and ‘el; founded of God; Jeruel, a place in Palestine – Jeruel.
YARAH yarah or yara: to throw, shoot Original Word: יָרָה Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: yarah or yara Phonetic Spelling: (yaw-raw') Short Definition: teach archers (2), archers shot (1), archers* (2), cast (3)
News, inform, information.
publish, make public.
let it be known.
Throw or cast into the public realm.
specially of the authoritative direction (see תּוֺרָה) given by priests on matters of ceremonial observance.
the priests give such ‘direction’ for hire; less, technically, of Moses.
EL Original Word: אֵל Part of Speech: Noun Masculine Transliteration: el Phonetic Spelling: (ale) Short Definition: God
Γαλιλαία
גְּלִילִים
Original Word: Γαλιλαία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: Galilaia Phonetic Spelling: (gal-il-ah'-yah) Short Definition: Galilee Definition: Galilee, a district towards the southern end of the Roman province Syria; the northern division of Palestine.
the circle or circuit, by which name even before the exile a certain district of northern Palestine was designated.
Of Hebrew origin (Galiyl); Galiloea (i.e. The heathen circle), a region of Palestine – Galilee.
galil: a turning, folding Original Word: גְּלִילִים Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: galil Phonetic Spelling: (gaw-leel') Short Definition: pivots
adjective - turning, folding (= revolving)
Of the leaves of a door pivot on the cylinder of a hinge.
From galal; a valve of a folding door (as turning); also a ring (as round) – folding, ring.
see HEBREW galal Original Word: גָּלַל Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: galal Phonetic Spelling: (gaw-lal') Short Definition: roll
and the heavens shall roll up like a book.
roll, roll up or along (intransitive)
Pilpel Perfect וְגִלְגַּלְתִּיךָ consecutive Jeremiah 51:25 and I will roll thee down from (מִן) the rocks (subject ׳י; object Babylon under figure of mountain)
Ἰωάννης
GOD GIVES GRACIOUSLY
Yhvh: the proper name of the God of Israel
Original Word: יְהוָֹה
Part of Speech: Proper Name
Transliteration: Yhvh
Phonetic Spelling: (yeh-ho-vaw’)
Definition: the proper name of the God of Israel.
Nomen ineffable.
chanan: beseech Original Word: חָנַן Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: chanan Phonetic Spelling: (khaw-nan') Definition: to show favor, be gracious
Original Word: Ἰωάννης, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: Ióannés Phonetic Spelling: (ee-o-an'-nace) Short Definition: John Definition: John: the Baptist, the apostle, a member of the Sanhedrin, or John Mark.
John the Baptist, the son of Zacharias the priest and Elisabeth, the forerunner of Christ. By order of Herod Antipas he was cast into prison and afterward bebeaded: Matthew 3:1; Matthew 14:3, and often in the historical books of the N. T.; Josephus, Antiquities 18, 5, 2 (B. D. American edition, under the word ).
John the apostle, the writer of the Fourth Gospel, son of Zebedee and Salome, brother of James the elder.
He is that disciple who (without mention by name) is spoken of in the Fourth Gospel as especially dear to Jesus, and according to the traditional opinion is the author of the Apocalypse.
the father of the apostle Peter.
A member of the Sanhedrin.
regard as the author of the Apocalypse, and accordingly, esteem him as an eminent prophet of the primitive Christians and as the person referred to in Revelation 1:1, 4, 9; Revelation 21:2 Rec.; Revelation 22:8.
Original Word: יוֹחָנָן Part of Speech: Proper Name Masculine Transliteration: Yochanan Phonetic Spelling: (yo-khaw-nawn') Short Definition: Johanan A form of Yhowchanan; Jochanan, the name of nine Israelites -- Johanan.
yō·w·ḥā·nān — 13 Occurrences
1 Chronicles 3:15
HEB: יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ הַבְּכוֹר֙ יוֹחָנָ֔ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖י יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים
KJV: [were], the firstborn Johanan, the second
INT: of Josiah the firstborn Johanan and the second Jehoiakim
1 Chronicles 6:9
HEB: הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת־ יוֹחָנָֽן׃
KJV: and Azariah begat Johanan,
INT: and Azariah the father Johanan
Ezra 8:12
HEB: וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַזְגָּ֔ד יוֹחָנָ֖ן בֶּן־ הַקָּטָ֑ן
KJV: of Azgad; Johanan the son
INT: the sons of Azgad Johanan the son of Hakkatan
Nehemiah 12:23
HEB: וְעַד־ יְמֵ֖י יֽוֹחָנָ֥ן בֶּן־ אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב׃
KJV: even until the days of Johanan the son
INT: up to the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib
Jeremiah 40:16
HEB: אֲחִיקָם֙ אֶל־ יוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־ קָרֵ֔חַ
KJV: said unto Johanan the son
INT: of Ahikam about Johanan the son of Kareah
Jeremiah 41:11
HEB: וַיִּשְׁמַע֙ יוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־ קָרֵ֔חַ
KJV: But when Johanan the son of Kareah,
INT: heard Johanan the son of Kareah
Jeremiah 41:13
HEB: יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל אֶת־ יֽוֹחָנָן֙ בֶּן־ קָרֵ֔חַ
KJV: saw Johanan the son
INT: were with Ishmael Johanan the son of Kareah
Jeremiah 41:14
HEB: וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ אֶל־ יֽוֹחָנָ֖ן בֶּן־ קָרֵֽחַ׃
KJV: and went unto Johanan the son
INT: and went unto Johanan the son of Kareah
Jeremiah 41:15
HEB: אֲנָשִׁ֔ים מִפְּנֵ֖י יֽוֹחָנָ֑ן וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־
KJV: escaped from Johanan with eight men,
INT: men from Johanan and went to
Jeremiah 41:16
HEB: וַיִּקַּח֩ יוֹחָנָ֨ן בֶּן־ קָרֵ֜חַ
KJV: Then took Johanan the son of Kareah,
INT: took Johanan the son of Kareah
Jeremiah 42:8
HEB: וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֶל־ יֽוֹחָנָן֙ בֶּן־ קָרֵ֔חַ
KJV: Then called he Johanan the son
INT: called about Johanan the son of Kareah
Jeremiah 43:4
HEB: וְלֹֽא־ שָׁמַע֩ יוֹחָנָ֨ן בֶּן־ קָרֵ֜חַ
KJV: So Johanan the son of Kareah,
INT: did not obey Johanan the son of Kareah
Jeremiah 43:5
HEB: וַיִּקַּ֞ח יוֹחָנָ֤ן בֶּן־ קָרֵ֙חַ֙
KJV: But Johanan the son of Kareah,
INT: took Johanan the son of Kareah
YHVH
יהוה
Jehovah
Nomen ineffable
Yhvh: the proper name of the God of Israel
Original Word: יְהוָֹה
Part of Speech: Proper Name
Transliteration: Yhvh
Phonetic Spelling: (yeh-ho-vaw’)
Definition: the proper name of the God of Israel.
havah: to become.
The one bringing into being, life-giver.
Giver of existence, creator.
He who brings to pass.
Performer of his promises.
HAVAH
To Become
YEHU
There it shall be.
yə·hū — 1 Occurrence Ecclesiastes 11:3 HEB: הָעֵ֖ץ שָׁ֥ם יְהֽוּא׃ KJV: falleth, there it shall be. INT: the tree there shall be
Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong’s Numbers • Englishman’s Greek Concordance • Englishman’s Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts
Adon - Adonai
אָדוֹן
אֲדֹנָי
MY MASTER - MY LORD
Adonai is the perpetual substitute for the ineffable Name Yahve.
אָדוֹן • (adón) m
Lord, Master.
From Hebrew אָדוֹן (adón, “lord”).
From Hebrew אֲדֹנָי (ādônay, “My Lord”); used in place of the Tetragrammaton YHWH as a name of the God of the Hebrews during prayer recitation. In many christian languages the same word is used for “Mr.” and “My Lord” addressing God, e.g. German Herr, Portuguese Senhor, Greek κύριος (kýrios), Serbo-Croatian Gospod.
Adonai is the plural of Adon, with the suffix of the possessive pronoun, first person, singular number.
It may be looked upon as a plurale abstractum, and as such it would indicate the fullness of divine sway and point to God as the Lord of lords.
Whenever therefore, the word Yahve occurs in the text, the Jew will read Adonai.
The possessive pronoun has no more significance in this word than it has in Rabbi (my master), Monsieur, or Madonna.
אֲדֹנֵי־ (ăḏōnê, “lords of”) + ־י (i, “of mine”)
אֲדוֹנִי • (ăḏônî)
sir, my lord (used when addressing a man)
Singular construct form of אָדוֹן with first-person personal pronoun as possessor.
אדון
Perhaps related to דִּין (dín, “law”). Compare Ugaritic 𐎀𐎄𐎚 (ảdt, “lady”).
אָדוֹן • (adón) m (plural indefinite אֲדוֹנִים, singular construct אֲדוֹן־, plural construct אֲדוֹנֵי־)
lord
(preceding a man’s name) Mr.
FEMININE FORM גברתי גְּבִרְתִּי • (g'virtí) f miss, madam, my lady (used in addressing a woman) my lady גְּבֶרֶת. (g'véret) + ־ִי (í) ־י • (transliteration needed) (-í/-ái) My, of mine, me (one suffix form of the first-person singular personal pronoun).
κύριος
POWER OVER OTHERS
Summit - Most High - Supreme - Top
Highest Authority
From κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy”) + -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewH- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”). Cognate with κύω (kúō), Latin cumulus, cavus.
supremacy (usually uncountable, plural supremacies)
The quality of being supreme.
Power over all others.
(in combination) The ideology that the specified group is superior to others or should have supreme power over them.
supreme (comparative supremer or more supreme, superlative supremest or most supreme)
Dominant, having power over all others.
Greatest, most excellent, extreme, most superior, highest, or utmost.
κύριος • (kýrios) m (plural κύριοι)
mister (title conferred on an adult male)
master (someone who has control over something or someone)
sir (an address to any male)
As an adjective
κῡ́ρῐος • (kū́rios) m (feminine κῡρῐ́ᾱ, neuter κῡ́ρῐον); first/second declension
(of people): ruling, governing, having power
(of things): decisive, critical, authorized, valid, legal, entitled
(of times): fixed, set, appointed
(of language): literal
main, major, primary, principal.
κῡρίᾱ • (kūríā)
inflection of κῡ́ριος (kū́rios):
nominative and vocative singular feminine
nominative and accusative and vocative dual feminine
κῡρίᾱ • (kūríā) f (genitive κῡρίᾱς); first declension
authority, power
lady, mistress
ma’am, madam.
κυρία • (kyría) f (plural κυρίες)
madam
lady.
(abbreviation): κα (ka, “Mrs, Ms”)
κύριος m (kýrios, “mister”)
Κύριος m (Kýrios, “Lord”)
-ῐος • (-ios) m (feminine -ῐ́ᾱ, neuter -ῐον); first/second declension
Suffix added to nouns or adjectives, forming adjectives: pertaining to, belonging to.
Proto-Indo-European/-yós
Creates adjectives from nouns.
Adjectival form.
Κύριος m (Kýrios, “Lord”) (Christianity) κυρία f (kyría, “madam”) Κυριακή f (Kyriakí, “Sunday”) σαββατοκύριακο n (savvatokýriako, “weekend”) See also Edit δεσποινίς f (despoinís, “miss”) Adjective κύριος • (kýrios) m (feminine κύρια, neuter κύριο) main, principal, most important.
Compare
From Proto-Indo-European *ku-m-olo,
from *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”); see also Lithuanian saunas (“firm, fit, solid, capable”), Ancient Greek κύω (kúō), and Sanskrit श्वयति (śvayati, “swell”).
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /ˈku.mu.lus/, [ˈkʊ.mʊ.ɫʊs]
Noun
Compare - Latin cumulus m (genitive cumulī); second declension
heap, pile
surplus
summit
κα
Mrs.
κα • (ka)
Abbreviation of κυρία (kyría): Mrs, Ms Synonyms Edit κ (k) See also Edit δ (d, “Miss”) δις (dis, “Miss”) κ (k, “Mr”)
Lord
LAIRD
The Scottish title Laird is a shortened form of ‘laverd’ which is an old Scottish word deriving from an Anglo-Saxon term meaning ‘Lord’ and is also derived from the middle English word ‘Lard’ also meaning ‘Lord’. The word is generally used to refer to any owner of a landed estate and has no meaning in heraldic terms and its use is not controlled by the Lord Lyon.
HOUSE OF LORDS
The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster.[2] Officially, the full name of the house is the Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled.
LORDS OF APPEAL IN ORDINARY
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, commonly known as Law Lords, were judges appointed under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 to the British House of Lords in order to exercise its judicial functions, which included acting as the highest court of appeal for most domestic matters. The House of Lords lost its judicial functions upon the establishment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in October 2009.
PEERS
The Hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. As of 2016 there are 820 hereditary peers[1]. The numbers of peers - of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the UK - whose titles are the highest they hold (i.e. are not subsidiary titles) are: dukes, 24 (non-royal); marquesses, 34; earls, 193; viscounts, 112; barons, 445.
Not all hereditary titles are titles of the peerage. For instance, baronets and baronetesses may pass on their titles, but they are not peers. Conversely, the holder of a non-hereditary title may belong to the peerage, as with life peers. Peerages may be created by means of letters patent, but the granting of new hereditary peerages has largely dwindled; only seven hereditary peers have been created after 1965, four of them members of the British royal family.
Before 1999, peers were entitled to sit in the House of Lords, but since the House of Lords Act 1999 was passed, only 92 are permitted to do so, unless they are also life peers.[2] Peers are called to the House of Lords with a writ of summons.
LETTERS PATENT Letters patent (always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, president, or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation. Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices, or for the granting of city status or a coat of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as governors and governors-general of Commonwealth realms, as well as appointing a Royal Commission. In the United Kingdom they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm. A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern patent (referred to as a utility patent or design patent in United States patent law) granting exclusive rights in an invention (or a design in the case of a design patent). In this case it is essential that the written grant should be in the form of a public document so other inventors can consult it to avoid infringement and also to understand how to "practice" the invention, i.e., put it into practical use.
οὐροβόρος
TAIL EATER
The term derives from Ancient Greek: οὐροβόρος,
from οὐρά (oura), “tail” + βορά (bora), “food”,
from βιβρώσκω (bibrōskō), “I eat”.
NAZARITE - NAZIRITE
Hebrew word נזיר nazir meaning “consecratedy” or “separated”
ONE WHO TAKES VOWS
One who takes a vow and promises to observe and obey the law.
In the Hebrew Bible, a nazirite or nazarite is one who voluntarily took a vow described in Numbers 6:1–21. “Nazarite” comes from the Hebrew word נזיר nazir meaning “consecratedy” or “separated”.[1] This vow required the person to:
Abstain from wine, wine vinegar, grapes, raisins, intoxicating liquors,[2] vinegar made from such substances,[3] and eating or drinking any substance that contains any trace of grapes.[4]
Refrain from cutting the hair on one’s head; but to allow the locks of the head’s hair to grow.[5]
Not to become ritually impure by contact with corpses or graves, even those of family members.[6]
After following these requirements for a designated interval (which would be specified in the individual’s vow), the person would immerse in a mikveh and make three offerings: a lamb as a burnt offering (olah), a ewe as a sin-offering (hatat), and a ram as a peace offering (shelamim), in addition to a basket of unleavened bread, grain offerings and drink offerings, which accompanied the peace offering. They would also shave their head in the outer courtyard of the Jerusalem Temple and then place the hair on the same fire as the peace offering. (Numbers 6:18)
The nazirite is described as being “holy unto YHWH” (Numbers 6:8), yet at the same time must bring a sin offering. This has led to divergent approaches to the nazirite in the Talmud, and later authorities, with some viewing the nazirite as an ideal, and others viewing him as a sinner.
στέφανος
Stephanos
ENCIRCLE - CROWN - STAFF - WREATH - BELT
from stephó (to encircle)
that which surrounds, i.e. a crown
Original Word: στέφανος, ου, ὁ Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: stephanos Phonetic Spelling: (stef'-an-os) Definition: that which surrounds, a crown Usage: a crown, garland, honor, glory.
4735 stéphanos – properly, a wreath (garland), awarded to a victor in the ancient athletic games (like the Greek Olympics); the crown of victory (versus 1238 /diádēma, “a royal crown”).
[4735 (stéphanos) is used of a plaited wreath (“crown”), like the one made of thorns placed on the head of Christ at His trial (Mt 27:29, Mk 15:17; Jn 19:2,5).]
Metaphorically, the eternal blessedness which will be given as a prize to the genuine servants of God and Christ: in other words, those who have been persuaded they ‘already possess’ eternal life, hence are without fear of death, courageous and filled with abundant love having knowledge they receive the gift of life moment to moment, day to day, by which all things derive their value and worth.
From an apparently primary stepho (to twine or wreathe); a chaplet (as a badge of royalty, a prize in the public games or a symbol of honor generally; but more conspicuous and elaborate than the simple fillet, diadema), literally or figuratively – crown.
διάδημα from diadeó (to bind around) Original Word: διάδημα, ατος, τό Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: diadéma Phonetic Spelling: (dee-ad'-ay-mah) Definition: a diadem, a crown Usage: a head-wreath, crown, diadem. 1238 diádēma – properly, a royal crown: "a narrow filet encircling the brow," a "kingly ornament for the head" (R. Trench, 78).
1238 /diádēma (“a royal crown”) is used three times in the NT – referring to: a) the pagan empires of ancient history which opposed God (Rev 12:3); b) the end-times coalition led by Antichrist (Rev 13:1); and c) the infinite majesty (kingship) of Christ (Rev 19:12).
Ἄννα
Hannah
Hebrew חַנָּה (ḥannâ)
ANNE - HANNA - ANNE
The Latinate and New Testament form of Ann, from Ancient Greek Ἄννα (Ánna), equal to the Hebrew female name חַנָּה (ḥannâ) of Old Testament, meaning “grace, gracious”.
Proper noun Edit
חַנָּה • (kḥaná) f [pattern: קַטְלָה]
A female given name, Hannah, Hana or Chana.
Hannah (biblical character)
From the Hebrew חַנָּה (ḥannâ), meaning favour, grace, or graced with child.
Ἄννα • (Ánna) f (genitive Ἄννᾱς); ? declension
Hannah (biblical character)
A female given name, equivalent to English Anna or Hannah.
ANU
A female given name, variant of Anna.
Anu m
(Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian mythology) Anu (god of heaven)
Cuneiform sign AN.
𒀭Cuneiform sumer
𒀭 AN "heaven" DINGIR "deity" Sumerian: AN, DINGIR Akkadian: ìl Hittite: an AN-KI "heaven and earth" (logogram) goddess
Proto-Semitic/ *šamāy- *šamāy- sky, heaven. Akkadian: 𒀭 (šamû [AN]) Hebrew: שָׁמַיִם (šāmáyim) Phoenician: 𐤔𐤌𐤌 (šmm) Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎎𐎎 (šmm), 𐎌𐎎𐎊𐎐 (šmyn)
___________________________________
שָׁמָיִם
שָׁמַיִם • (shamáyim) m pl (singular construct שְׁמֵי־, Biblical Hebrew pausal form שָׁמָיִם)
(plural only) The sky, skies, heavens, heaven.
(figuratively) God.
שְׁחָקִים • (sh’khakím) m pl
heavens, sky.
שוכן שחקים (shokhén sh’khakím)
____________________________
𐤔𐤌𐤌 (šmm)
heaven
אביאל
Avi-EL
Avalon
GOD IS MY FATHER
Abiel < Hebrew אביאל (Avi’el), עלבון-אבי (‘Avi-‘alvon‘) “God is my father”
עֲזָאזֵל
Azazel
Azaz-EL
SCAPE GOAT - DEBT BEARER
Azazel
A fallen angel in some traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Satan.
Hebrew עֲזָאזֵל, Arabic عَزَازِيل (ʿazāzīl).
Azazel m
(Christian mythology) Azazel (a fallen angel)
Uncertain; perhaps from עָזַז (azáz, “to be strong, impudent”) + אֵל (él, “god, God”).
The English word scapegoat comes from an interpretation as…
coming from עֵז (éz, “goat”) + אזֵל (ozél, “escapes”).
עֲזָאזֵל • (azazél) m
Azazel.
Leviticus 16:8, with translation from the King James Version:
ונתן אהרן על שני השעירם גורלות גורל אחד לה׳ וגורל אחד לעזאזל׃
And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat.
From scape + goat; coined by Tyndale, interpreting Hebrew עֲזָאזֵל (“azazél”) (Leviticus 16:8, 10, 26), from an interpretation as coming from עֵז (ez, “goat”) and אוזל (ozél, “escapes, used up”).
אָזַל • (azál) (pa’al construction)
to be used up, be exhausted, be gone, evaporated.
1 Samuel 9:7, with translation of the King James Version:
וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁאוּל לְנַעֲרוֹ וְהִנֵּה נֵלֵךְ וּמַה־נָּבִיא לָאִישׁ כִּי הַלֶּחֶם אָזַל מִכֵּלֵינוּ וּתְשׁוּרָה אֵין־לְהָבִיא לְאִישׁ הָק׳ מָה אִתָּנוּ׃
Then said Saul to his servant, But, behold, if we go, what shall we bring the man? for the bread is spent in [literally from] our vessels, and there is not a present to bring to the man of G-d: what have we?
עֵז • (éz) f (plural indefinite עִזִּים, masculine counterpart תַּיִשׁ) [pattern: קֵטֶל]
a (female) goat
OR
עַז • (áz) (feminine עַזָּה, masculine plural עַזִּים, feminine plural עַזּוֹת) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
mighty, strong
intense
Ἀζαραήλ
Azrahel
Hebrew עֲזַרְאֵל (ʿăzarʾēl)
ANGEL OF DEATH
From Latin Azrahel, from Ancient Greek Ἀζαραήλ (Azaraḗl), from Biblical Hebrew עֲזַרְאֵל (ʿăzarʾēl), possibly via Aramaic (compare Classical Syriac ܥܲܙܪܵܐܹܝܠ (ʿazrāʾēl)).
Azrael
The angel of death in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity, and in Islam.
Synonyms Edit
(personification of death): Death, the Grim Reaper, the reaper, the pale rider, the rider, the angel of death, the Shinigami, psychopomp.
Azrael m
(Christianity, Judaism, Islam) Azrael (angel of death)
בֵּית אֵל
Beth-EL
HOUSE OF GOD
From Hebrew בֵּית אֵל (beth el, literally “house of God”).
From Latin Bēthlehēmum,
from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém),
from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem). Doublet of bedlam.
Bethlehem (plural Bethlehems)
(obsolete) A lunatic asylum.
(architecture) In the Ethiopic church, a small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread for the Eucharist is made.
Bēthlehēmum n (genitive Bēthlehēmī); second declension
Bethlehem (a town of the tribe of Judah, the birthplace of David and of Christ, now Bēt Laḥm)
Βηθλεέμ
Bethlehem
בּית לחם
HOUSE OF BREAD
Borrowed from Hebrew בּית לחם (bet léchem).
Βηθλεέμ • (Bēthleém) f (indeclinable)
Bethlehem • (Bēthleém) f (indeclinable)
Bethlehem
From בֵּית (bet, “house of”) + לֶחֶם (lékhem, “bread”)
בֵּית לֶחֶם • (bet lékhem) f (Biblical Hebrew pausal form בֵּית לָחֶם)
Bethlehem (a city)
בַּיִת • (báyit) m (plural indefinite בָּתִּים, singular construct בֵּית־, plural construct בָּתֵּי־, Biblical Hebrew pausal form בָּיִת) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
לֶחֶם • (lékhem) m (singular construct לֶחֶם־, Biblical Hebrew pausal form לָחֶם) [pattern: קֶטֶל] bread (archaic or poetic) food (poetic) grain from which bread is made house
Δανιήλ
Daniel
דניּאל
DANIEL - GOD IS MY JUDGE
Daniel < Ancient Greek Δανιήλ (Daniḗl), from Hebrew דניּאל (daniyél, “God is my judge”) < דון (“to judge”) + אֵל (el, “God”)
דוּן • (dun) bare infinitive (gerund) of דן (dan)
Verb Edit
דָּן • (dan) (pa’al construction)
To discuss; construed with על (al, “on”).
(transitive) To judge.
דָּן • (dan)
Dan (one of the Israelite tribes).
Dan (the region of Ancient Israel occupied by this tribe).
A male given name.
עַל • (ál) Super-: above; more than; larger than. עַל • (al) (literally) On, on top of. (figuratively) On.
Ιεζεκιήλ
Ezekiel
יְחֶזְקֵאל
EZEKIEL - GOD STRENGTHENS
Ezekiel < Hebrew יְחֶזְקֵאל (Yḥezq’el) “God strengthens”
Hebrew יְחֶזְקֵאל (“God strengthens”).
יְחֶזְקֵאל • (yekhezkel)
A male given name, Yechezkel or Yehezkel, equivalent to English Ezekiel.
Γαβριήλ
Gabriel
גבריאל
GABRIEL - SERVANT - MAN OF GOD - HERO
Gabriel < Hebrew גבריאל (Gavri’el, “man of God”), from גֶּבֶר (géver, “man”) and אֵל (el, “God”)
גְּבַר • (gəḇar)
absolute form of גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā)
From Proto-Semitic *gabr-, compare Aramaic גַּבְרָא (gaḇrā, “man”), Ge’ez (gäbr, “servant”).
גָּבַר • (gavár) (pa’al construction)
to become stronger, gain power
to overpower, conquer, vanquish, defeat.
גֶּבֶר • (géver) m (plural indefinite גְּבָרִים, feminine counterpart גְּבֶרֶת) [pattern: קֶטֶל]
man (an adult male human being)
strong man, hero.
