PREPOSITIONS - Greek Flashcards
LIST
DEIXIS Center "Point Of View" - POV Center of conscious aware experience Center of mind - knowledge - standard model Center of body Center of legal Person Center of legal jurisdiction Center of spoken word Center of building Center of land parcel Center of country Center of world Center of solar system Center of universe
POSITION Up Down Front Back Above Below Side Along side Parallel Through In Into Within Onto Upon
LOCATION
Topography
Coordinates
Frame of reference
TEMPORAL SEQUENCE Time Tense Center of present moment Center of a choice Come Go Arrive Leave - Leaving - Left Depart Front of train, convoy Rear of train, convoy
SPACIAL SEQUENCE
ROLL - REGISTER - RECORD
ἔμπροσθεν
WITHIN PRIOR FROM
Literally- Within before from which.
Preceding from within this toward that.
(of place) before, in front.
(of time) before, earlier, of old.
(of degree) preferred, priority, more important.
Do this first.
This is a priority.
This is more important.
From ἐν (“in”) + πρόσθεν (“before”)
πρόσθεν • (prósthen)
(of place) before, in front
(of time) before, earlier, formerly
-θεν
Added to nouns to form adverbs of place-
“from which”. “from”
also used, like genitive, “with”
in front, before the face; sometimes made a subst. by the addition of the article: in front of, before the face of.
from en and pros
adverbially, in front, before:
before, i. e. in that local region which is in front of a person or a thing:
before, in the presence of, equivalent to opposite to, over against one:
πρός
πρός • (prós) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)
(of direction) forward to, toward.
(with genitive) the side of, pertaining to.
(with dative) by the side of, near to.
(with accusative) the place, time, occasion, or respect, which is the destination of the relation, or whither or for which it is predicated: about, according to, against, among, at, because of, before, between, ([where-]) by, for, at someone’s house, in, for intent, nigh unto, of, which pertain to, that, to (the end that), together, to ([you]) -ward, unto, with (-in)
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προς • (pros) (+ accusative)
(positional) towards, toward
Προχώρησε προς το σχολείο. ― Prochórise pros to scholeío. ― She walked to (towards) school
(temporal) towards
Προς το βράδυ το γάλα λιγοστεύει σε ποσότητα. ― Pros to vrády to gála ligostévei se posótita. ― Towards evening the quantity of milk diminishes.
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As a Prefix
προσ- • (pros-)
toward (means proximity) (means agreement, similarity) (means hostility) (accentuates the meaning)
From προς (pros, “toward”)
Recent additions to the category προσβλέπω προσφύομαι προσελκύω προσκρούω προσθήκη προσευχή προσεύχομαι Oldest pages ordered by last edit προσθήκη προσελκύω προσεύχομαι προσκρούω προσφύομαι προσβλέπω προσευχή
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toward
denotes motion toward a place or with purpose toward a goal.
properly, motion towards to “interface with”
(literally, moving toward a goal or destination).
(“towards, with”) indicates “extension toward a goal, with implied interaction or reciprocity - with “presumed contact and reaction”
naturally suggests the cycle of initiation and response.
can mean “in view of,” or “in light of, but never “against,” except where the context indicates an active exchange (interface) done in opposition.
Ἐν
ἐν
ἔμ-
In - inside, within, interior.
(figuratively) “in the realm (sphere) of…
- as in the condition (state) in which something operates from the inside (within).
in, on, at, by, with
English in, on, at, with, by, among.
in the interior of some whole
within the limits of some space:
of proximity, at, near, by:
of the contents of a writing, book, in the book of the prophets.
with the dative of a person, in the person, nature, soul, thought of anyone:
in the case of, with.
of that in which something is manifest.
with, among, in the presence of, with the dative of person.
ἦν
Verb
A Verb.
Verb-Imperfect-Indicative-3rd-Singular
V-II-3S
He was being…
Not a preposition,
not to be confused with Ἐν - ἐν
A conjugation form of - εἰμί
eimí (the basic Greek verb which expresses being, i.e. “to be”) – am, is.
ἕν εἷς ἕνα ἑνὶ ἑνὸς μία μίαν μιᾶς Adjective
One
One Thing
How many things? One thing.
How many people? One person.
a cardinal numeral, one.
universally
Not to be confused with - ἐν
Contrasted and opposed to πάντες
πάντας = All things
πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν = (“each, every”) means “all” in the sense of “each (every) part that applies.” The emphasis of the total picture then is on “one piece at a time.” = The Whole of the Parts.
ἓν
Adj-NNS
εἷς
Adj-NMS
ἕνα
Adj-AMS
ἑνὶ
Adj-DMS
ἑνὸς
Adj-GMS
μία
Adj-NFS
μίαν
Adj-AFS
μιᾶς
Adj-GFS
διά - δι
BY - FOR - THROUGH - AS A RESULT OF - BETWEEN
διά • (diá)
by, for, through
————————————-
δῐᾰ́ • (diá) (governs the genitive and accusative)
(+ genitive)
(of a place) in a line through in the midst of, between along at intervals of, at every
(time)
between
after
every (interval of time)
(causality)
through, by
(attested from 1st century B.C.E.) out of (materials from which something is made)
——————-
(+ accusative)
(of a place, poetic) through, among
(time) during
(causality)
thanks to, by aid of
because of
for the sake of
——————————————-
As an Adverb
δῐᾰ́ • (diá)
throughout
——————————————-
This because of that.
This happened through the instrumentality of that.
This resulted from that process.
This on the account of that.
(a) gen: through, throughout, by the instrumentality of, (b) acc: through, on account of, by reason of, for the sake of, because of.
diá (a preposition) – properly, across (to the other side), back-and-forth to go all the way through, “successfully across” (“thoroughly”).
(diá) is also commonly used as a prefix and lend the same idea (“thoroughly,” literally, “successfully” across to the other side).
(diá) is a root of the English term diameter (“across to the other side, through”). Before a vowel, dia is simply written di̓.]
Meter means Mother Earth. Dia-Meter. Across Mother Earth.
χωρίς - ἀγορά
xṓra, “an open or detached space”
apart from, separated (“without”)
(figuratively) detached, rendering something invalid or valid.
From χώρᾱ (khṓrā), χῶρος (khôros, “place”) + -ίς (-ís), initially meaning “in another, separate space or place”.
χωρίζω (khōrízō, “to divide, separate”)
χωρίς • (khōrís) separately, differently
χῶρος • (khôros) m (genitive χώρου); second declension
space, room, place (in which a thing is)
dwelling place
locality
station
district, region, territory, country, land
field, farm, estate
χώρᾱ • (khṓrā) f (genitive χώρᾱς); first declension location, place, spot (see Latin locus) the proper place one's place in life piece of land: tract, land, field country (opposite town), countryside country, nation
wilhout any person or thing
(making no use of, having no association with, apart from, aloof from, etc.)
Separate or apart.
Without this, that cannot be.
Apart from this, that cannot be.
Co-Dependence.
ἀγορά assembly, especially an assembly of the people (as opposed to a council, βουλή (boulḗ)) the place of assembly speech market things sold at market, provisions, supplies sale the time of market: midday
ᾰ̓γορᾰ́ζω • (agorázō)
(intransitive) to be in the market, to frequent it.
(transitive) to buy in the market, buy, purchase.
παρά - παρ’
close beside.
from closely alongside
introduces someone (something) as very “close beside.”
“from close beside” (“alongside”).
It stresses nearness (closeness) which is often not conveyed in translation.
3844 (pará) is typically theologically significant, even when used as a prefix (i.e. in composition).
3844 (pará) usually adds the overtone, “from close beside” (implying intimate participation) and can be followed by the genitive, dative, or accusative case – each one conveying a distinct nuance.
with the genitive; and as in Greek prose writings always with the genitive of a person, to denote that a thing proceeds from. the side or the vicinity of one, or from one’s sphere of power, or from one’s wealth or store,
properly, with a suggestion of union of place or of residence, after verbs of coming, departing, setting out, etc.
joined to passive verbs, παρά makes one the author, the giver, etc. (Winers Grammar, 365 (343); Buttmann, § 134, 1); so after ἀποστέλλεσθαι, John 1:6 (the expression originates in the fact that one who is sent is conceived of as having been at the time with the sender, so that he could be selected or commissioned from among a number and then sent off);
from the Lord, by divine agency or by the power at God’s command)
because God had not spoken in person, but by an angel.
from one
εἰς
INTO WITHIN - UNION WITH
“motion into which” implying penetration (“unto,” “union”) to a particular purpose or result.
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered, of place, time, purpose, result)
into, in, unto, to, upon, towards, for, among.
Not to be confused with εἷς .
into (unto) – literally, “motion into which” implying penetration (“unto,” “union”) to a particular purpose or result.
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered, of place, time, fig. purpose, result)
I. of place, after verbs of going, coming, sailing, flying, falling, living, leading, carrying, throwing, sending, etc.;
of a place entered, or of entrance into a place, into; and a. it stands before nouns designating an open place, a hollow thing, or one in which an object can be hidden:
eis: to or into (indicating the point reached or entered, of place, time, fig. purpose, result)
Original Word: εἰς
Part of Speech: Preposition
Transliteration: eis
Phonetic Spelling: (ice)
Definition: to or into (indicating the point reached or entered, of place, time, purpose, result)
Usage: into, in, unto, to, upon, towards, for, among.
HELPS Word-studies
1519 eis (a preposition) – properly, into (unto) – literally, “motion into which” implying penetration (“unto,” “union”) to a particular purpose or result.
περί
about, concerning, around (denotes place, cause or subject)
properly, all-around (on every side); encompassing, used of full (comprehensive) consideration where “all the bases are covered”
(perí) is often translated “concerning” (“all about”).
perí is the root of the English term, “perimeter.
ἐκ - ἐξ
From
‘Of’ the town…
He is one ‘OF’ his friends.
He came ‘FROM’ the south side ‘OF’ the town.
He came ‘OUT OF’ the building.
Out from, out from among, from,
suggesting from the interior outwards.
“out from and to” (the outcome); out from within.
(ek) has a two-layered meaning (“out from and to”) which makes it out-come oriented (out of the depths of the source and extending to its impact on the object).
ἀνά ἄνω
Up to, upwards, up.
(of location) on, upon.
(+ accusative)
up, upwards, along
in sequence, each, throughout
up to.
upwards, up; among, between; in turn; apiece, by; as a prefix: up, to, anew, back.
Per = steps per meter.
ἀντί
over against, opposite, hence instead of, in comp. denotes contrast, requital, substitution, correspondence.
properly, opposite, corresponding to, off-setting (over-against); (figuratively) “in place of,” i.e. what substitutes (serves as an equivalent, what is proportional).
it seems to have signified over against, opposite to, before, in a local sense.
indicating exchange, succession, for, instead of, in place of (something).
ὀπίσω
behind, after; back, backwards.
the things that are behind.
to go backward, John 18:6; to return home, of those who grow recreant to Christ’s teaching and cease to follow him.
to join oneself to one as an attendant and follower.
to go off in order to follow one, to join one’s party.
to follow anyone as a guide, to be his disciple or follower.
to turn oneself back.
of time, after.
get thee behind me.
πέραν
over, on the other side, beyond.
on the other side.
the region beyond, the opposite shore.
with verbs of going it marks direction toward a place.
Across – beyond, farther (other) side, over.
ὑπέρ
Hyper.
Super.
over, beyond, fig. on behalf of, for the sake of, concerning.
properly, beyond (above); (figuratively) to extend benefit (help) that reaches beyond the present situation.
hypér (“beyond”) is usually best translated “for the betterment (advantage) of,” i.e. focusing on benefit.
naturally expresses conferring benefit, i.e. for the sake of “betterment” (improvement, extending benefit).
Super…
over, beyond, fig. on behalf of, for the sake of, concerning.
Latin super, over, a preposition, which stands before either the genitive or the accusative according as it is used to express the idea of state and rest or of motion over and beyond a place.
ἐπί - ἐπ’ - Ἐφ’
on, onto, over,
against, on the basis of, at.
upon the surface of.
ἐπί with the genitive is used after verbs expressing motion to indicate the rest following the motion.
figuratively used of that upon which anything rests.
figuratively used of things, affairs, persons, which one is set over, over which he exercises power.
ἀπό
from, away from.
of local separation, after verbs of motion from a place (of departing, fleeing, removing, expelling, throwing.)
the separation of apart from the whole; where of a whole some part is taken.
Πρὸ
Before
ὑπὸ
Hypo-
Under, lower, below.
ὑποκάτω
underneath, below, under.
κάτω
(a) down, below, also: downwards, (b) lower, under, less, of a length of time.
μετά
μεθ
Change, after effect, result.
beyond.
Amid, among.
μετά
3326 metá (a preposition) –
properly, with (“after with”), implying “change afterward” (i.e. what results after the activity).
As an active “with,” 3326 (metá) looks towards the after-effect (change, result) which is only defined by the context.
I. with the genitive; (the Sept. for אֵת, עִם, אַחַר, etc.), among, with (cf. Winer’s Grammar, 376f (352f));
1. amid, among;
with (“after with”), implying “change afterward”
(a) in the genitive: with, in company with.
(b) in the accusative
(1) behind, beyond, after, of place.
(2) after, of time, with nouns, neut. of adjectives.
(metá) before a vowel is written met (meth)
μεθερμηνεύω
πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν πάντα πάντες
Adjective
All Parts - Every Part - Everyone How many parts? All parts. How many people? All people. Who was there? Everyone. All, the whole, every kind of...
κᾰτᾰ́ κατ’ καθ’
Against, Down from, this versus that.
Put down, set, lay down, arrange, establish.
Also an intensifier. (Very much)
κᾰτᾰ́ • (katá) (governs the genitive and accusative)
(with genitive) this versus that, against.
Έγινε έγκλημα κατά της Ελλάδας!
Crimes were committed against Greece.
(with accusative) towards.
Το δωμάτιο βλέπει κατά την ανατολή.
The room faces toward the east.
(with accusative) during
κατά τη διάρκεια του ταξιδιού
During the trip…
(with accusative) around, about, close to
Θα έρθω κατά τις έξι το απόγευμα.
I will come at about six pm.
(with accusative) according
κατά τον Γιώργο …
according to George …
(+ genitive) downwards, down from into against (+ accusative) downwards along, through, in towards during for, for the purpose of according to, in conformity with
κατασκηνώνω
Put the tent down on the ground. Make camp.
Morphologically κατα- (kata-, “down”) + σκηνή (skiní, “tent”).
καταπόρφυρος
Intense royal purple.
πορφυρός (porfyrós, “Tyrian purple, royal purple”)
καταπράσινος
Intense green, All green.
κατα- (kata-, “intense”) + πράσινος (prásinos, “green”)
κατακόκκινος
Intense red, All red.
κατα- (kata-, “intense”) + κόκκινος (kókkinos, “red”)
καταγάλανος
Intense blue, All blue.
κατα- (kata-, “intense”) + γαλανός (galanós, “blue”)
καταλύω From κατά + λύω To break down, to destroy, dissolve. Do away with. λῡ́ω • (lū́ō) destroy. Unbind. Loose. Untie.
κᾰτᾰσκευᾰ́ζω Make, create, construct, fabricate. From Ancient Greek κατασκευάζω (kataskeuázō), equivalent to κατα- (kata-, “down”) + σκευάζω (skevázo, “to equip”). σκευάζω • (skeuázō) I arrange, make ready, prepare I collect (passive) I furnish, supply
κατ’ αντιδιαστολή προς
as opposed to,
in contrast to,
in contradistinction to…
in opposition to…
στολή = uniform
έναντι εναντίον εναντία
Versus, opposite
επάνω
Adverb
Up, upstairs, aloft, up there.
From ἐπί and ἄνω.
ἐπᾰ́νω • (epánō)
above, higher than, more than
πάνω
Above, Top
πάνω • (páno)
above, on, up, upstairs
Μη βάζεις τα πόδια σου πάνω στο τραπέζι!
Do not put your feet on the table!
ο πάνω όροφος
The upper floor.
από πάνω από το δικό μου.
The office is one floor above mine.
μπλουζα
Top, highest point, peak.
κορυφή
Apex, Vertex of a triangle.
Peak, summit, tip-top, head, crown.
capitulum, capital, cap-stone.
Perhaps from κόρῠς (kórus, “helmet”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn; top, head”).
ακορύφωτος • (akorýfotos) m (feminine ακορύφωτη, neuter ακορύφωτο)
has not reached a high point, head or climax (events)
has not reached a climax or orgasm (sex)
πίσω
Back, behind
εμπρός
Front, ahead, in front of... onwards Forwards, For, Forth, Ahead.
μπροστά (brostá)
Before
in front, in front of
ahead
κάνω πίσω
to recoil, to pull back.
με
With
του
Of
Pronoun
τοῦ • (toû)
masculine/feminine/neuter genitive singular of τίς (tís)
Article
ὁ • (ho) m, ἡ f (hē), τό n (tó)
(rarely in Epic, often in later Greek) the
Pronoun
ὁ • (ho) m, ἡ f (hē), τό n (tó)
(Epic, demonstrative) that
(Epic, third person personal pronoun) he, she, it, they
(relative, Epic, Ionic, poetic Attic) who, which, that
CRASIS
The article undergoes crasis with nouns and adjectives that start with a vowel:
τὸ ὄνομα → τοὔνομα “the name”
τὰ ἐμά → τᾱ̓μά “my (affairs)”
τὸ ἐναντίον → τοὐναντίον “on the contrary”
τὸ αὐτό → ταὐτό “the same”
καὶ ἐγώ → κᾱ̓γώ “and I”, “I too”
καὶ ἐμοί → κᾱ̓μοί “and to me”
Crasis (from the Greek κρᾶσις, “mixing”, “blending”) is a type of contraction in which two vowels or diphthongs merge into one new vowel or diphthong, making one word out of two.
δίπλα
Beside, by
δίπλα στο
Next to
κατά μήκος
Along, lengthwise, lengthways, longwise, longways.
μακριά
Far, far away
Adverb
