MONEY - (Greek) Flashcards
LIST
Wealth Rich Resource Affluent Worth Price Cost Merit Value Credit Debt Money Currency Payment -Compensation - Remuneration - Wage Check - Cheque - Exchequer Hypothecation Inflation Deflation Undervalue Overvalue Supply Demand Share Stock (equity) Bond (debt Fund Fiat Asset Property Store - Storage Unit of Account Unit of Exchange Unit of Measure Fungibility Owe Own Ownership Distribution Dividend Sustainability Price Discovery Esteem
Gild - Guild
Security
Certificate
Interest
Equity
Note
Promise
Promissory note
Fee - Fine - Penalty - Penance - Damages
Convert - Convertable
αποζημίωση
COMPENSATION
αποζημίωση • (apozimíosi) f
plural - αποζημιώσεις
compensation.
αναποζημίωτος (“uncompensated”, adjective)
ζημίωση
Penalty, Damage
ζημίω
ζημιόω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: zémioó Phonetic Spelling: (dzay-mee-o'-o) Definition: to damage, suffer loss Usage: I inflict loss (damage) upon, fine, punish, sometimes with the acc. of the penalty, even when the verb is passive.
zēmióō (from 2209 /zēmía, "loss") – to cause or experience loss (forfeiture), especially carrying a penalty (significant detriment). See 2209 (zēmia).
2210 /zēmióō (“experience loss”) is pointedly used in Phil 3:8. Here Paul shares the irony of how loss brings gain. As a person grows in knowing Christ they willingly “lose” their “right” to be self-governing – to gain eternal significance in every scene of life by living in faith (“His inworked persuasion,” 4102 /pístis, Phil 3:8,9). This eternal gain always follows, no matter how “menial” or “mundane” the faith-scene seems to be (cf. Mt 13:31,32,17:20).
[Heeding this lesson brings incalculable gain (1 Cor 2:9; 1 Jn 4:17) – and ignoring it results in tragic, eternal loss (1 Cor 3:15).]
ζημία, ας, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: zémia Phonetic Spelling: (dzay-mee'-ah) Definition: damage Usage: damage, loss, detriment.
ζημία
Cognate: 2209 zēmía – damage (detriment)
a mercantile term for “loss”; a “bad deal”
unsuccessful business transaction which results in a fine (penalty, forfeiture).
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LATIN
compēnsātiō f (genitive compēnsātiōnis); third declension
weighing (of factors), balancing, equalizing.
From compēnsō + -tiō.
compēnsō (present infinitive compēnsāre, perfect active compēnsāvī, supine compēnsātum); first conjugation
I balance, poise, weigh, offset (one thing against another)
I compensate.
compenso m (plural compensi)
remuneration
fee
reward
From con- + pēnsō.
pēnsō (present infinitive pēnsāre, perfect active pēnsāvī, supine pēnsātum); first conjugation ponder, consider weigh, counterbalance pay for, purchase (Medieval Latin) think.
From Proto-Italic *pendō
hang, put in a hanging position.
(figuratively) I consider, ponder.
from *(s)pend- (“stretch, pull, draw”).
from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-e-ti
from *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”).
Latin - pendō (present infinitive pendere) (perfect active pependī, supine pēnsum) I suspend, hang I weigh, weigh out I pay.
Latin - pendere (da) (intransitive) to droop to hang (from) to be pending to slope or slant (nautical) To list (of a ship)
From Late Latin pendĕre (conjugation confused with or altered by pendere (“to suspend, hang”)) for Latin pendēre, present active infinitive of pendō (“I hang down, am suspended”), from Proto-Italic *pendēō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”).
*(s)pend-
to stretch.
Possible reanalyzed root of *(s)penh₁-
(to spin (thread); to stretch”) + *-dʰh₁eti.
*(é)-dʰ(h₁)eti
Forms resultative verbs.
From *dʰeh₁- (“to do”).
*dʰeh₁- (perfective)
to do, put, place.
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SUFFIX
-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension
-tion, -ation, -ing; suffixed to a verb (usually a participle form) to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)
quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)
-ātiō f
(Vulgar Latin) Form of -tiō appended to nouns
gradus + -ātiō → gradātiō
cor + -ātiō → *corātiō
Nouns suffixed with
cōnstēllātiō f (genitive cōnstēllātiōnis); third declension (Late Latin) a collection of stars supposed to exert an influence upon human affairs, a constellation. From cum (“together”) + stēlla (“star”) + -ātiō (result noun)
PREFIX
From Old Latin com
from Proto-Italic *kom
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”).
Words suffixes with -tio, -atio
sēnsātiō f (genitive sēnsātiōnis); third declension
Noun
understanding, knowledge, intelligence
Action noun from sentiō (“feel, perceive”).
sēnsus m (genitive sēnsūs); fourth declension
perception, capability of feeling, ability to perceive
a feeling, sentiment
(poetic) understanding, reason
sentiō (present infinitive sentīre, perfect active sēnsī, supine sēnsum); fourth conjugation
I feel; I perceive with the senses
Synonym: percipiō
I perceive: I notice mentally
I have an opinion; I feel an emotion
From Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”)
Cognate with Lithuanian sintėti (“to think”)
Old High German sinnan (“to go; desire”)
Latin: sentiō (“to feel, to perceive”)
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RESULTING NOUN
resultative (not comparable)
(grammar) Indicating the state of a noun resulting from the completion of the action expressed by a verb, as with “blue” in “Mary painted the fence blue”.
resultative (plural resultatives)
(grammar) A grammatical construction that indicates the state of a noun resulting from the completion of the action expressed by a verb.
-tiō
-tiō f (genitive -tiōnis); third declension
-tion, -ation, -ing; used to form a noun relating to some action or the result of an action.
dictātiō (“a dictating, dictation”), from dictātum, supine of dictō (“I dictate”)
quadripartītiō (“a division into four parts”), from quadripartītum, supine of quadripartiō (“I divide in four parts”)
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compensation (countable and uncountable, plural compensations)
The act or principle of compensating.
(Can we find and add a quotation of Emerson to this entry?)
Something which is regarded as an equivalent; something which compensates for loss
Synonyms: amends, remuneration, recompense
Hallam
The parliament which dissolved the monastic foundations […] vouchsafed not a word toward securing the slightest compensation to the dispossessed owners.
Burke
No pecuniary compensation can possibly reward them.
The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount; a set-off.
A recompense or reward for service.
An equivalent stipulated for in contracts for the sale of real estate, in which it is customary to provide that errors in description, etc., shall not avoid, but shall be the subject of compensation.
The relationship between air temperature outside a building and a calculated target temperature for provision of air or water to contained rooms or spaces for the purpose of efficient heating. In building control systems the compensation curve is defined to a compensator for this purpose.
δᾰπᾰ́νη
EXPENSE - EXPENDITURE
δᾰπᾰ́νη • (dapánē) f (genitive δᾰπᾰ́νης); first declension
Noun
expenses
δαπάνη • (dapáni) f (plural δαπάνες) Noun (finance) expenditure, outlay (finance) expenses, costs (finance) payment (figuratively) energy, time spent
τιμή
τιμή • (timí) f (plural τιμές)
(economics, finance) price, value (of something, asset, fare, etc)
Synonyms: τίμημα (tímima), αξία (axía), αντίτιμο (antítimo)
(economics, finance) quotation
honour, virtue, reputation
faithfulness, virginity, fidelity
pride, credit
(mathematics, computing) value of a variable
(physics) coefficient.
τῑμή • (tīmḗ) f (genitive τῑμῆς); first declension Noun honor, worship, esteem high office gift, offering worth, value.
τῑμᾰ́ω • (tīmáō)
Verb
to pay honor to, to hold in honor, treat honorably, to honor, revere.
From τῑμή (tīmḗ, “honor”) + -άω
(of things) to hold in honor.
(active, of the judge) to estimate the amount of punishment due to the criminals, award the penalty.
(middle, of the parties before the court)
πόσις
OWN - OWNERSHIP - PROPERTY - POSSESS - HAVE - TITLE
GREEK
Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis)
πόσις • (pósis) m (genitive πόσιος); third declension
husband
From Proto-Indo-European *ph₃tis, from *peh₃- (“to drink”) (compare πίνω (pínō, “I drink”)).
HUSBAND
equivalent to house + bond (“serf, slave”, originally, “dweller”).
From Old Norse húsbóndi (“master of house”), from hús (“house”) + bóndi (“dweller, householder”)
From Old English hūsbonda, hūsbunda (“male head of a household, householder, master of a house”)
BOND
From Old English beand, bænd, bend (“bond, chain, fetter, band, ribbon, ornament, chaplet, crown”)
From Proto-Germanic *bandaz, *bandiz (“band, fetter”).
Old English
hūsbonda m
master of the house
from hús (“house”) + bóndi (“dweller, householder”)
Old Norse
From Old Norse hūs (“a house; a household”)
From Old Norse bóndi (“farmer; husband”, literally “dweller”).
δεσπότης • (despótēs) m (genitive δεσπότου); first declension (Attic, Koine)
Noun
master, lord (most commonly in the context of one who owns slaves)
ruler, despot
generally: owner
From Ancient Greek δόμος (“house”) and *pótis (“master”) and Ancient Greek πόσις (“husband”)
from Proto-Indo-European *déms pótis (“master of the house”) From Proto-Indo-European *dṓm f *dṓm f home, house From *dem- (“to build”). *dem- to build (up) to arrange, to put together Derived Term Greek δέμω • (démō) (“to build, construct, prepare, make”) From Greek δῶ • (dô) n (indeclinable) (Epic) house Synonym: δῶμα (dôma)
δῶμᾰ • (dôma) n (genitive δώμᾰτος); third declension house chief room, hall (in the plural) a single house halls of the gods the nether world (figuratively) temple (δῶμα Καδμεῖον) Thebes housetop household, family
whence also Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos, “house”); and *pótis (“master”)
Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis, “husband”); with an ending influenced by -της (-tēs, masculine adjectival suffix).
δόμος • (dómos) m (genitive δόμου); second declension
Noun
house, dwelling
household
Synonym οἶκος • (oîkos) m (genitive οἴκου); second declension house or dwelling place estate, inheritance reigning house or family.
οἰκέω • (oikéō) Verb (transitive) I inhabit. I colonize, settle in. I manage, direct, govern. (intransitive) I dwell, live. (of cities) I am situated. I am governed. From οἶκος (“house”) + -έω (denominative verbal suffix).
οἴκημᾰ • (oíkēma) n (genitive οἰκήμᾰτος); third declension
Noun
dwelling-place, home, building.
From οἰκέω (“I inhabit”) + -μα (-result noun).
SUFFIX
-μᾰ • (-ma) n (genitive -μᾰτος); third declension
Added to verbal stems to form neuter nouns denoting the result of an action, a particular instance of an action, or the object of an action.
οἰκῐ́σκος • (oikískos) m (genitive οἰκῐ́σκου); second declension
Noun
small room or chamber
cage for birds.
From οἶκος (oîkos, “house”) + -ῐ́σκος (-diminutive).
-ῐ́σκος • (-ískos) m (genitive -ῐ́σκου); second declension
Noun-forming diminutive suffix.
κατοικέω • (katoikéō) Verb to dwell in, to settle in, to colonise (absolute) to settle, dwell to administer, govern (intransitive, of cities) to lie, be situated
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OLD SAXON
ēgan
to own, to possess, to have
From Proto-Germanic *aiganą,
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂óyḱe.
The adjective is the verb’s old past participle, from *aiganaz; the noun is in turn derived from that participle.
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OLD ENGLISH
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ENGLISH
possess (third-person singular simple present possesses, present participle possessing, simple past and past participle possessed)
(transitive) To have; to have ownership of.
He does not even possess a working telephone.
(transitive) To take control of someone’s body or mind, especially in a supernatural manner.
They thought he was possessed by evil spirits.
What on earth possessed you to go walking by the quarry at midnight?
(transitive, dated, chiefly with of) To vest ownership in (someone, or oneself); to give someone power or knowledge; to acquaint; to inform.
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LATIN - POSSESS
possessus (feminine possessa, neuter possessum); first/second-declension participle
Participle
possessed
seized
possideō (present infinitive possidēre, perfect active possēdī, supine possessum); second conjugation
Verb
I have, hold, own, possess.
I possess lands, have possessions.
I take control or possession of, seize, occupy.
I occupy, inhabit, abide.
From potis (“able”) + sedeō (“sit”). From Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”).
dōma n (genitive dōmatis); third declension
roof
house, dwelling
possideō (present infinitive possidēre, perfect active possēdī, supine possessum); second conjugation
I have, hold, own, possess.
I possess lands, have possessions.
I take control or possession of, seize, occupy.
I occupy, inhabit, abide.
sedeō (present infinitive sedēre, perfect active sēdī, supine sessum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive
Verb
I sit, I am seated
I sit in an official seat; sit in council or court, hold court, preside
I keep the field, remain encamped
I settle or sink down, subside
I sit still; remain, tarry, stay, abide, linger, loiter; sit around
I hold or hang fast or firm; I am established
(Medieval Latin, Ibero-Romance) I am
from Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Root
*sed- (perfective)
to sit
Related to
ἕζομαι • (hézomai) (chiefly poetic)
I sit, sit oneself
Compare to ἵζω • (hízō) Verb (transitive) to cause to sit, seat, place (transitive, 1st aorist) to set up (intransitive) to sit, sit down (intransitive) to sit still, am quiet (intransitive) to sink (intransitive) to settle down
Latin sīdō (present infinitive sīdere, perfect active sīdī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
I sit down, I seat oneself, I settle
I sink down, I sink out of sight
Cognate with Ancient Greek ἵζω (hízō, “I sit, I sit down”).
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PIE ROOT
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂óyḱe
h₂eh₂óyḱe (stative)
Verb
to possess, to own
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PROPER
proper (adj.)
c. 1300, “adapted to some purpose, fit, apt; commendable, excellent” (sometimes ironic), from Old French propre “own, particular; exact, neat, fitting, appropriate” (11c.), from Latin proprius “one’s own, particular to itself,” from pro privo “for the individual, in particular,” from ablative of privus “one’s own, individual” (see private (adj.)) + pro “for” (see pro-). Related: Properly.
From early 14c. as “belonging or pertaining to oneself; individual; intrinsic;” from mid-14c. as “pertaining to a person or thing in particular, special, specific; distinctive, characteristic;” also “what is by the rules, correct, appropriate, acceptable.” From early 15c. as “separate, distinct; itself.” Meaning “socially appropriate, decent, respectable” is first recorded 1704. Proper name “name belonging to or relating to the person or thing in question,” is from late 13c., a sense also preserved in astronomical proper motion (c. 1300). Proper noun is from c. 1500.
property (n.)
c. 1300, properte, “nature, quality,” later “possession, thing owned” (early 14c., a sense rare before 17c.), from an Anglo-French modification of Old French propriete “individuality, peculiarity; property” (12c., Modern French propreté; see propriety), from Latin proprietatem (nominative proprietas) “ownership, a property, propriety, quality,” literally “special character” (a loan-translation of Greek idioma), noun of quality from proprius “one’s own, special”
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seize (third-person singular simple present seizes, present participle seizing, simple past and past participle seized)
(transitive) To deliberately take hold of; to grab or capture.
Synonyms: clasp, grasp, grip; see also Thesaurus:grasp
(transitive) To take advantage of (an opportunity or circumstance).
Synonym: jump on
(transitive) To take possession of (by force, law etc.).
Synonyms: arrogate, commandeer, confiscate
to seize smuggled goods
to seize a ship after libeling
(transitive) To have a sudden and powerful effect upon.
a panic seized the crowd
a fever seized him
(transitive, nautical) To bind, lash or make fast, with several turns of small rope, cord, or small line.
to seize two fish-hooks back to back
to seize or stop one rope on to another
(transitive, obsolete) To fasten, fix.
(intransitive) To lay hold in seizure, by hands or claws (+ on or upon).
to seize on the neck of a horse
(intransitive) To have a seizure.
(intransitive) To bind or lock in position immovably; see also seize up.
Rust caused the engine to seize, never to run again.
(Britain, intransitive) To submit for consideration to a deliberative body.
(law) (with of) To cause (an action or matter) to be or remain before (a certain judge or court).
This Court will remain seized of this matter.
seise (third-person singular simple present seises, present participle seising, simple past and past participle seised)
(transitive, law) To vest ownership of a freehold estate in (someone).
(transitive, with of, law) To put in possession.
(dated) To seize.
((with of), to vest ownership): seise
(qualities or characteristics): inhold
session (n.)
late 14c., “periodical sitting of a court,” from Old French session “act or state of sitting; assembly,” from Latin sessionem (nominative sessio) “act of sitting; a seat; loitering; a session,” noun of action from past participle stem of sedere “to sit,” from PIE root *sed- (1) “to sit.”
*sed- (1)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to sit.”
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by:
Sanskrit a-sadat “sat down,” sidati “sits,” nidah “resting place, nest;”
Old Persian hadis “abode;”
Greek ezesthai “to sit,” hedra “seat, chair, face of a geometric solid;”
Latin sedere “to sit; occupy an official seat, preside; sit still, remain; be fixed or settled,” nidus “nest;”
Old Irish suide “seat, sitting,” net “nest;”
Welsh sedd “seat,” eistedd “sitting,” nyth “nest;” Old Church Slavonic sežda, sedeti “to sit,” sedlo “saddle,” gnezdo “nest;”
Lithuanian sėdėti “to sit;”
Russian sad “garden,”
Lithuanian sodinti “to plant;”
Gothic sitan,
Old English sittan “to sit.”
assize (n.)
“session of a law court,” c. 1300 (attested from mid-12c. in Anglo-Latin),
from Old French assise “session, sitting of a court” (12c.), noun use of fem. past participle of asseoir “to cause to sit,”
from Latin assidere/adsidere “to sit beside” (and thus to assist in the office of a judge), “sit with in counsel or office,”
from ad “to” (see ad-) + sedere “to sit,”
from PIE root *sed- (1) “to sit.”
Originally “all legal proceedings of the nature of inquests or recognitions;” hence sessions held periodically in each county of England to administer civil and criminal justice.
χρήση
USE - JŪS - IŪS - USEFUL
χράομαι - χρῶμαι
I use , I need , I have , I have
χρῆσις -ήσεως female use , treatment utility , advantage close relationship, sexual intercourse custom spell , oracle response loan
χράω ιωνικός τύπος χρέω χράομαι - χρῶμαι I use , I give an oracle , I proclaim (I, the god) I ask God, I consult , I take an oracle provide , supply , lend make use , use I suffer , I suffer , I submit I have , I have the share abused : deprived , destitute , impoverished or one in great need, desire for something
χρεώ • (khreṓ) f (genitive χρεοῦς); third declension
(chiefly Epic) want, need, necessity
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”).
χρειώ • (khreiṓ) f (genitive χρειοῦς); third declension
Alternative form of χρεώ (khreṓ)
χρέος • (khréos) n (genitive χρέους); third declension
want, need
affair, business
debt
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”), the root of χράομαι (khráomai)/χρεώ (khreṓ, “to need”) and χρή (khrḗ, “have to, ought”).
χρή • (khrḗ)
(impersonal, expressing necessity) have to, ought, should (with accusative of person and present or aorist infinitive)
χρᾰ́ομαι • (khráomai)
(in perfect, κέχρημαι, with present sense)
desire, yearn after [+genitive = something, someone]
to need, lack [+genitive = something]
(in perfect and pluperfect) to enjoy a benefit, have [+dative = something]
(in present or perfect, mainly after Homer)
to use, make use of, take part in, manage, administer, etc. [+dative = something]
to experience, suffer, be subject to, feel
with verbal nouns, periphrasis for the verb related to the noun
to use [+dative and dative = something for something]
to deal with
to treat [+dative = someone] in a particular way
From χρή (khrḗ) + -άω (verb).
-ᾰ́ω • (-áō)
Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē)
χράω • (khráō)
(with dative of person) to fall upon, attack, assail
(with dative of object) to inflict upon a person
(with infinitive) to be bent on doing, to be eager to do
χράω • (khráō)
(active, of the gods and their oracles) to furnish the needful answer, to declare, pronounce, proclaim
(passive) to be declared, proclaimed, delivered
(middle, of the person to whom the response is given) to consult a god or oracle, to inquire of a god or oracle, consult them
(of applicants seeking something of the great king)
(in perfect passive) to receive an oracular response
to furnish with a thing
(deponent) to use
to bring into action some feeling, faculty, passion, state of mind; to exercise, indulge
(of external things) to experience, be subject to
(paraphrases the verb cognate to its dative)
(with duplicate dative) to use as such and such
to use for an end or purpose
(of persons, with an adverb of manner) to treat them in such a manner
to be intimate with, to deal with, make use of, employ
(especially of sexual intercourse)
to make use of oneself or one’s powers
(absolute or with an adverb) to be wont to do
(with accusative of object)
(perfect with a present sense) to be in need or want of, to yearn after
(perfect as a strengthened present) to have in use, to have, possess
χρῄζω • (khrḗizō)
Verb
(with genitive) need, lack
χρηστός • (khrēstós) m (feminine χρηστή, neuter χρηστόν); first/second declension
Adjective
good, useful
(Koine) easy, manageable
χρέος • (khréos) n (genitive χρέους); third declension
want, need
affair, business
debt
ἀξῐόχρεως • (axiókhreōs) m or f (neuter ἀξῐόχρεων); second declension noteworthy, considerable serviceable, sufficient trustworthy, bona fide, reliable able to, competent to worthy of, deserving of
χρείᾱ • (khreíā) f (genitive χρείᾱς); first declension Noun need, want, necessity want, poverty business, purpose (especially military purpose) employment, function use use, advantage, service familiarity, intimacy maxim
χρῆμᾰ • (khrêma) n (genitive χρήμᾰτος); third declension need; a thing that one needs or uses goods, property money thing, matter, affair
Formed from the base of χράομαι (want, need”) + -μα (instance, result noun).
χρήσιμος • (chrísimos) m (feminine χρήσιμη, neuter χρήσιμο)
useful
χρησιμοποιώ (chrisimopoió, “to use”)
χρησιμότητα (chrisimótita, “utility, usefulness”)
Related terms
see: χρήση f (chrísi, “use, usage”)
χρήση • (chrísi) f (plural χρήσεις)
Noun
use, application, usage
για χρήση από τους μαθητές ― gia chrísi apó tous mathités ― for use by students
φάρμακο για εξωτερική χρήση ― fármako gia exoterikí chrísi ― medication for external use
άχρηστος • (áchristos) m (feminine άχρηστη, neuter άχρηστο)
useless, unusable (thing)
(derogatory) ineffective (of a person)
Μα τι άχρηστος που είσαι! Ούτε ένα πρόβλημα δεν μπορείς να λύσεις;
Ma ti áchristos pou eísai! Oúte éna próvlima den boreís na lýseis?
Oh you are so useless! Can’t you solve even one problem?
Synonym: ανίκανος (aníkanos)
(offensive) useless (of a person, usually in the vocative)
Άντε ρε άχρηστε!
Ánte re áchriste!
Shoo, you useless man!
αχρήστευση f (achrístefsi) αρχηστεύω (archistévo, “cause to be useless”) αχρηστία f (achristía) δυσχρηστία f (dyschristía) δύσχρηστος (dýschristos, “difficult to use, dysfunctional”) ευχρηστία f (efchristía) εύχρηστος (éfchristos, “easy to use”) καταχρηστικός (katachristikós, “spurious”) κοινόχρηστος (koinóchristos) χρήστης m (chrístis, “user”) χρηστικός (christikós) and see: χρήση f (chrísi, “usage, use”)
ᾰ̓́χρηστος • (ákhrēstos) m or f (neuter ᾰ̓́χρηστον); second declension useless, unprofitable Synonym: ἀχρεῖος (akhreîos) non-effective, unwarlike unkind, cruel
Derived from ἀ- (a-, “un-, not”) + χρηστός (khrēstós, “useful”).
χρησιμοποιώ • (chrisimopoió) (past χρησιμοποίησα, passive χρησιμοποιούμαι, p‑past χρησιμοποιήθηκα, ppp χρησιμοποιημένος)
use, employ, put to use, utilise
employ (someone)
From χρήσιμ(ος) (chrísim(os), “useful”) + -ο- + -ποιώ (-poió, “make”) from the ancient ποιέω (poiéō)/ποιῶ.
A free translation of French utiliser.
απασχολώ (apascholó, “to employ, to give a job to”)
αχρησιμοποίητος (achrisimopoíitos, “unused”)
άχρηστος (áchristos, “useless”)
ιδιοχρησιμοποίηση f (idiochrisimopoíisi, “usage by the owner”) (law)
πρωτοχρησιμοποιώ (protochrisimopoió, “use for the first time”)
χρησιμεύω (chrisimévo, “I am useful”)
χρησιμοποίηση f (chrisimopoíisi, “using, usage”)
χρησιμοποιήσιμος (chrisimopoiísimos, “usable”)
and see: χρήση f (chrísi, “use, usage”), χρεία f (khreía) and the ancient χρή (khrḗ)
χρησιμότητα • (chrisimótita) f (uncountable)
usefulness, utility
equivalent to χρήσιμος (“useful”) + -ότητα (“-ity, -ness”).
Present indicative: χρή (khrḗ) (from χρή ἐστι)
Present infinitive: χρῆναι (khrênai) (from χρὴ εἶναι)
Imperfect indicative: ἐχρῆν (ekhrên), and originally χρῆν (khrên) (from χρὴ ἦν).
Present subjuntive: χρῇ (khrêi) (from χρὴ ᾖ).
Present optative: χρείη (khreíē) (from χρὴ εἴη).
Present participle, mostly as noun: χρεών (khreṓn) (from χρὴ ὄν > χρηόν > χρεών: transfer of vowel quantity).
Future indicaive: χρήσει (khrḗsei) and originally χρήσται (khrḗstai) (from χρὴ ἔσται, which in some codexes is sometimes erroneously written χρήσται or χρῆσται and even χρῆσθαι).
κατάχρηση
ABUSE
κατάχρηση • (katáchrisi) f (plural καταχρήσεις)
abuse of power, alcohol, drugs, etc
κᾰτᾰ́χρησῐς • (katákhrēsis) f (genitive κᾰτᾰχρήσεως); third declension
(lexicography) analogical use of a word
From καταχράομαι (“abuse, misuse”) + -σῐς (-abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process).
καταχρᾰ́ομαι • (katakhráomai)
to make full use of
to misuse, abuse
From κατά (“under, down”) + χρᾰ́ομαι (“to use, make use of, take part in, manage, administer”).
χρᾰ́ομαι • (khráomai)
(in perfect, κέχρημαι, with present sense)
desire, yearn after [+genitive = something, someone]
to need, lack [+genitive = something]
(in perfect and pluperfect) to enjoy a benefit, have [+dative = something]
(in present or perfect, mainly after Homer)
to use, make use of, take part in, manage, administer, etc. [+dative = something]
to experience, suffer, be subject to, feel
with verbal nouns, periphrasis for the verb related to the noun
to use [+dative and dative = something for something]
to deal with
to treat [+dative = someone] in a particular way
From χρή (khrḗ) + -άω (-verb).
Verb
(“expressing necessity”)
have to, ought, should
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”).
χράω • (khráō)
(active, of the gods and their oracles) to furnish the needful answer, to declare, pronounce, proclaim
(passive) to be declared, proclaimed, delivered
(middle, of the person to whom the response is given) to consult a god or oracle, to inquire of a god or oracle, consult them
(of applicants seeking something of the great king)
(in perfect passive) to receive an oracular response
to furnish with a thing
(deponent) to use
to bring into action some feeling, faculty, passion, state of mind; to exercise, indulge
(of external things) to experience, be subject to
(paraphrases the verb cognate to its dative)
(with duplicate dative) to use as such and such
to use for an end or purpose
(of persons, with an adverb of manner) to treat them in such a manner
to be intimate with, to deal with, make use of, employ
(especially of sexual intercourse)
to make use of oneself or one’s powers
(absolute or with an adverb) to be wont to do
(with accusative of object)
(perfect with a present sense) to be in need or want of, to yearn after
(perfect as a strengthened present) to have in use, to have, possess
(aorist passive)
χρησμός • (khrēsmós) m (genitive χρησμοῦ); second declension
Doctrinal noun
oracle, prophecy
From the root of χράω (“to declare”).
χρέος • (khréos) n (genitive χρέους); third declension
want, need
affair, business
debt
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”)
From the root of χράομαι / χρεώ (“to need”)
From χρή (“have to, ought”).
χρείᾱ • (khreíā) f (genitive χρείᾱς); first declension need, want, necessity want, poverty business, purpose (especially military purpose) employment, function use use, advantage, service familiarity, intimacy maxim
From χρή (“it is necessary”)
χρῄζω • (khrḗizō)
Verb
(with genitive) need, lack
χρειάζομαι • (chreiázomai) deponent (past χρειάστηκα)
Verb
need, require
3rd persons singular are impersonal e.g. χρειάζεται: it is needed
χρειάζεται • (chreiázetai)
3rd person singular present form of χρειάζομαι (chreiázomai)
also as (impersonal): it is needed
χρειαζούμενος (chreiazoúmenos, “needed, necessary”)
χρῆμᾰ • (khrêma) n (genitive χρήμᾰτος); third declension Instance noun Money need; a thing that one needs or uses goods, property money thing, matter, affair
ἀχρημᾰτίᾱ • (akhrēmatíā) f (genitive ἀχρημᾰτίᾱς); first declension
moneylessness, poverty
From ἀ- (not) + χρῆμα (money) + -ίᾱ (-noun)
χρηματίζω • (chrimatízo) (past χρημάτισα, passive χρηματίζομαι)
(intransitive) be, occupy a place as public official (usually not used in present tense)
Verb
(transitive) bribe
χρηματισμός • (chrimatismós) m
Result noun
Bribed, bribing, the bribe itself (action or outcome of bribe)
χρήμα • (chríma) n (plural χρήματα) IPA /ˈxri.ma/
Noun
capital (physical or monetary assets)
(plural): liquid assets
κέρμα n (kérma, “coin”) λεφτά n pl (leftá, “cash”) μετρητά n pl (metritá, “cash, money”) μετρητός (metritós, “measurable”) νόμισμα n (nómisma, “coin”) ρέστα n pl (résta, “change, cash returned”) ρευστό n (refstó, “cash”) ρευστός (refstós, “cash”, adj) τοις μετρητοίς (tois metritoís, “in cash”) χρήμα n (chríma, “money, capital”) ψιλά n pl (psilá, “loose change”)
κέρμα • (kérma) n (plural κέρματα)
coin
νόμισμα • (nómisma) n (plural νομίσματα)
a coin
the basic currency of a country
nomisma
money circulating in the form of notes and coin
From Ancient Greek νόμισμα (nómisma, “money, the current coin of a state, custom”)
from νομίζω (nomízō, “to hold or own as a custom, usage, to use customarily, practise, to be used to a thing”)
hence “to make common use of”
from νόμος (nómos, “anything assigned, a usage, custom, law, ordinance”)
from νέμω (némō, “to keep, to hold, to watch”).
numismatic (not comparable)
Of or pertaining to currency, especially to coins.
νομισματικός • (nomismatikós) m (feminine νομισματική, neuter νομισματικό)
numismatic
Διεθνές Νομισματικό Ταμείο n (“International Monetary Fund”)
ταμείο • (tameío) n (plural ταμεία) cash desk, checkout, cashier's desk box office, ticket office ταμίας m or f (tamías, “cashier”) ταμειακός (tameiakós, “cash, fiscal”) ταμιευτήριο n (tamieftírio, “savings' bank”) ταμιευτήρας (tamieftíras, “reservoir”) and see: αποταμιεύω (apotamiévo, “to save, to save up”)
λεφτά • (leftá) n pl
money, cash
wealth, financial estate
Nominative, accusative and vocative plural form of λεφτό (leftó).
λεπτό n (leptó, “minute, cent, lepton”)
λεπτά n pl (leptá, “money”)
λεπτός • (leptós) m (feminine λεπτή, neuter λεπτόν); first/second declension (rare, literally) peeled, husked (of grain) fine-grained (ashes, soil, etc.) thin, lean (people or animals) straight, narrow (spaces) small, weak, impotent light, slight (breezes) thin (liquids) (figuratively) refined, delicate, subtle
From λέπω (lépō, “I peel”) + -τος (-adjective)
from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“break off, rind”).
λεφτό • (leftó) n (plural λεφτά)
(colloquial) money
Δώσε μου τα λεφτά! (Give me the money!)
(plural) wealth
λεπτό • (leptó) n (plural λεπτά)
minute (unit of time unit of time equal to sixty seconds)
Περίμενε δύο λεπτά, παρακαλώ. ― Perímene dýo leptá, parakaló. ― Please wait a moment. (lit:two minutes)
(obsolete, formerly) lepton (hundredth of a drachma, or an ancient coin)
(currently) cent (hundredth of a euro)
Τα ρέστα σας είναι σαράντα λεπτά. ― Ta résta sas eínai saránta leptá. ― Your change is forty cents.
λεπτομέρεια n (leptoméreia, “detail”)
μετρητά • (metritá) n pl
cash, money in distinction to valuables, property, investments etc.
Πήρε την προικα σε μετρητά. ― Píre tin proika se metritá. ― She took the dowry in cash.
From μετρητός (metritós, “that which is measurable”
μετρητός • (metritós) m (feminine μετρητή, neuter μετρητό)
Adjective
measurable, that which can be measured.
τοις μετρητοίς • (tois metritoís) Adverb in cash εξόφληση τοις μετρητοίς payment in cash
see: χρήμα n (chríma, “capital, assets”)
ρέστα n pl (résta, “change, cash returned”)
ψιλά • (psilá) n pl
loose change, coins
pittance, small amount of money
ψιλός • (psilós) m (feminine ψιλή, neuter ψιλό)
thin, fine, delicate
υποκρισία • (ypokrisía) f (uncountable)
hypocrisy
τίτλος
TITLE
EQUITABLE - LEGAL
τίτλος • (títlos) m (plural τίτλοι)
title, heading (name of book, film, project, etc)
title, honorific (additions to someone’s name intended to add dignity)
(plural) titles, credits (at beginning and end of film)
(finance) security, bond
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μετοχικό κεφάλαιο
Share Capital
A corporation’s share capital[1] or capital stock (in US English) is the portion of a corporation’s equity that has been obtained by the issue of shares in the corporation to a shareholder, usually for cash. “Share capital” may also denote the number and types of shares that compose a corporation’s share structure.
Share capital is the nominal value of issued shares (that is, the sum of their par values)
κεφάλαιο • (kefálaio) n (plural κεφάλαια)
chapter, a section of a book.
(economics, finance) capital
(economics, finance) fund
κεφᾰ́λαιος • (kephálaios) n (genitive κεφᾰλαίου); second declension Noun main point, gist sum, total (of money) chapter (of a book)
Neuter substantive form of κεφᾰ́λαιος (“primary”)
from κεφᾰλή (“Head, Capital”)
κεφᾰλή • (kephalḗ) f (genitive κεφᾰλῆς); first declension Noun English Wikipedia has an article on: Kephale (Byzantine Empire) head a person's life (often in the sense of being in danger, similar to the English idiom "head is on the line"). the top-most part the most important part (Byzantine) a provincial governor.
English: cephalo-
κεφᾰ́λῐον • (kephálion) n (genitive κεφᾰλῐ́ου)
little head
From κεφᾰλή (“head”) + -ῐον (-diminutive)
ἀποκεφαλίζω • (apokephalízō)
To decapitate, behead
From ἀπο- (“away, off”) + κεφαλή (“head”) + -ίζω (denominative verb)
τιμή
τίνω
PRICE - PAY PENALTY - VALUE - WORTH - HONOR - ESTEEM
τίνω Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: tinó Phonetic Spelling: (tee'-no) Definition: to pay, to pay a penalty Usage: I pay (penalty). HELPS Word-studies 5099 tínō (a primitive root, NAS dictionary) – to be punished, having to pay the penal fine attached to the crime (used only in 2 Thes 1:9).
[In the papyri tinō also means “pay the penalty” (P Fay 21.24, ad 134), like “paying the fitting penalty”(MM, 636).]
from Homer down; to pay, to recompense: δίκην, to pay penalty, suffer punishment.
Strengthened for a primary tio (tee’-o) (which is only used as an alternate in certain tenses) to pay a price, i.e. As a penalty – be punished with.
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τιμή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: timé Phonetic Spelling: (tee-may') Definition: a valuing, a price Usage: a price, honor. HELPS Word-studies 5092 timḗ (from tiō, "accord honor, pay respect") – properly, perceived value; worth (literally, "price") especially as perceived honor – i.e. what has value in the eyes of the beholder; (figuratively) the value (weight, honor) willingly assigned to something.
a valuing by which the price is fixed; hence, the price” itself: of the price paid or received for a person or thing bought or sold.
thing prized (A. V. honor)
praise of which one is judged worthy.
From tino; a value, i.e. Money paid, or (concretely and collectively) valuables; by analogy, esteem (especially of the highest degree), or the dignity itself – honour, precious, price, some.
τλάντος
TALENT - COLLATERAL
From Latin lātus (“side”, “flank”).
lato m (plural lati)
(“side”)
lātus (feminine lāta, neuter lātum); first/second-declension participle
perfect passive participle of ferō:
1. borne, carried, having been carried.
2. suffered, endured, having been suffered.
3. reported, having been reported.
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Compare Ancient Greek τλάντος (tlántos, “bearing, suffering”)
τολμέω (tolméō, “to carry, bear”)
τελαμών (telamṓn, “broad strap for bearing something”)
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Ἄτλας (Átlas, “the ‘Bearer’ of Heaven”)
Ἄτλᾱς • (Átlās) m (genitive Ἄτλαντος); third declension
(Greek mythology) Atlas
Atlas Mountains
From ἁ- (ha-, copulative prefix) + Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-
the root of ἔτλην (étlēn, “to thole, suffer, endure, bear”).
ἔτλην • (étlēn)
(poetic) to suffer, undergo; endure, be patient, submit (sometimes with accusative)
(poetic) to bring oneself to do something contrary to one’s inclination or feelings, good or bad: dare, venture, have the courage, have the cruelty to do (with infinitive, accusative or participle)
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τολμᾰ́ω • (tolmáō) (contracted: τολμῶ (tolmô))
I dare
From τόλμᾰ (τόλμη) (tólma (tólmē), “(feminine) courage”) + -άω (-áō).
τόλμᾰ • (tólma) f (genitive τόλμης); first declension courage, hardihood Synonym: θάρσος (thársos) recklessness, overboldness bold or daring act
From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear”)
like τελαμών (telamṓn, “strap, belt”) and…
τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance, scale”).
τᾰ́λαντον • (tálanton) n (genitive τᾰλάντου); second declension
balance, scale (usually in the plural)
tax paid for use of public scales
anything weighed
talent (weight, often of gold or silver)
the monetary sum equaling a talent (weight) of gold or silver
From Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂ent-, from *telh₂-, whence also ἔτλην (étlēn, “to carry, endure”).
τάλαντο • (tálanto) n (plural τάλαντα)
(historical) talent (unit of weight and money used in ancient times in Greece, the Roman Empire, and the Middle East)
δύο τάλαντα χρυσό ― two talents of gold
(formal) talent (marked natural ability or skill)
Ήταν προικισμένος με ένα σπάνιο τάλαντο.― He was endowed with a rare talent.
ατάλαντος (atálantos, “talentless”)
ταλαντούχος (talantoúchos, “talented”)
ταλέντο n (talénto, “talent”) (more usual modern word for sense 2)
χάρισμα n (chárisma, “gift, talent”)
ταλαντεύω (talantévo, “to oscillate”)
ταλάντωση f (talántosi, “oscillation”)
ταλαντωτής m (talantotís, “oscillator”)
ταλαντούχος • (talantoúchos) m (feminine ταλαντούχος or ταλαντούχα, neuter ταλαντούχο)
Adjective
talented, gifted
Το βραβείο Όσκαρ πήγε στον πιο ταλαντούχο ηθοποιό. ― The Oscar went to the most talented actor.
Η κόρη τους είναι ταλαντούχα στο πιάνο.― Their daughter is talented on the piano.
From Ancient Greek ταλαντοῦχος (talantoûkhos), equivalent to τάλαντο (tálanto, “talent”) + -ούχος (-oúchos, “having, possessing”).
ατάλαντος • (atálantos) m (feminine ατάλαντη, neuter ατάλαντο)
talentless, untalented (lacking in talent)
Νομίζει ότι είναι σπουδαίος στο πιάνο αλλά είναι εντελώς ατάλαντος.― He thinks he’s great on the piano but he’s completely talentless.
From Ancient Greek ἀτάλαντος (atálantos)
equivalent to α- (“un-”) + τάλαντο (“talent, balance”).
ταλέντο • (talénto) n (plural ταλέντα)
talent (marked natural ability or skill)
Έχει φυσικό ταλέντο στο βιολί.― She has a natural talent for the violin.
(figuratively) talent (talented person)
Ο κυνηγός ταλέντων παρακολουθούσε το ματς.― The talent scout was watching the match.
Borrowed from Italian talento
from Latin talentum (“Grecian weight, talent of money”)
from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance, talent”).
talentum n (genitive talentī); second declension
A Grecian weight, which contained sixty minae or half a hundredweight.
A talent or sum of money; usually the Attic talent (sometimes with magnum).
Vīgintī talentiīs ūnam ōrātiōnem Īsocratēs vēndidit.
Isocrates sold one oration for twenty talents.
(New Latin) A marked natural skill or ability.
From Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “a weight; talent”)
from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂ent-, from *telh₂-
*telh₂- (perfective)
to bear, to undergo, to endure.
From Ancient Greek: τελαμών (telamṓn, “strap”)
τελᾰμών • (telamṓn) m (genitive τελᾰμῶνος); third declension
broad strap or band for bearing or supporting anything
leathern strap or belt
linen bandage for wounds
(architecture) telamon, colossal figure used as bearing-pillars
From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear”), as its original meaning was “bearer”.
τολμηρός • (tolmērós) m (feminine τολμηρᾱ́, neuter τολμηρόν) Adjective daring, bold enduring, steadfast From τολμώ (tolmó, “to dare”) From τόλμη • (tólmi) f (uncountable) Noun (“daring, boldness, audacity, effrontery”)
Germanic: *þulāną (“to bear, to endure”)
Celtic: *talamū (“earth”)
Latin: tellūs (“earth”)
Sanskrit: तल (bottom, floor)
Latin- tellūs f (genitive tellūris); third declension earth, ground the Earth, globe land, country Synonyms terra
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OLD ENGLISH
talente f (nominative plural talentan)
talent (money, weight)
From Middle English talent, from Old English talente, borrowed from the plural of Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance, a particular weight, especially of gold, sum of money, a talent”). Compare Old High German talenta (“talent”). Later senses from Old French talent (“talent, will, inclination, desire”).
þolian
to suffer, endure
ġeþolian
to be subjected, to suffer what is evil, thole, endure, sustain
to undergo treatment
to bear some condition
to stop, wait, continue, be patient under, remain
From ġe- + þolian.
ġe-
used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection
forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-
forms nouns and verbs with the sense of “result” or “process”
forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs.
ġeþyld n
patience, resignation
Geþyld byð middes eades ― patience is half of happiness. (Durham Proverbs)
Proto-Germanic *þulāną to bear, to endure From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, to undergo, to endure”). From þolian to suffer, endure
From þyld
patience, long-suffering; endurance
Middle English
thild (uncountable)
patience, endurance, thole; the ability to endure or bear something
Sche hath nat no thild of hire. ― She doesn’t have any endurance in her.
Analyzable as thole + -th
thole (third-person singular simple present tholes, present participle tholing, simple past and past participle tholed)
(intransitive, dated) To suffer.
(transitive, now Northern England, Northern Ireland, Scotland) To endure, to put up with, to tolerate.
-th
(no longer productive) Used to form nouns from verbs of action.
berth, birth, blowth, drawth, flowth, growth, health, sight, spilth, stealth, theft, weight
(no longer productive) Used to form nouns from adjectives.
breadth, coolth, dampth, dearth, depth, filth, height/heighth, length, roomth, ruth, strength, troth, truth, sloth/slowth, warmth, wealth, width, wrath, wrength, youth/youngth,
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ITALIAN
talento m (plural talentos)
(historical) talent (Classical unit of weight and money)
talent (marked natural ability or skill)
Borrowed from Latin talentum (“a Grecian weight; a talent of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “balance; a particular weight, especially of gold; sum of money; a talent”), from Proto-Indo-European *tl̥h₂ent-, from *telh₂-.
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ἡμῐτᾰ́λᾰντον • (hēmitálanton) n (genitive ἡμῐτᾰλᾰ́ντου); second declension
half-talent, a measure of weight
From ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) + τάλαντον (tálanton, “talent”).
ATLANTIS
Ἀτᾰλάντη • (Atalántē) f (genitive Ἀτᾰλάντης); first declension
(Greek mythology) Atalanta
From ἀ- (a-, used to express unity) + τάλαντον (tálanton, “balanced”).
ἀτάλαντος • (atálantos) m or f (neuter ἀτάλαντον); second declension
equal in weight
ἀ- (a-, “same”) + τάλαντον (tálanton, “weight”)
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SUFFIX
-ούχος • (-oúchos) m
Used to form verbal nouns from nouns:
From Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”)
λεωφορείο (leoforeío, “bus”) + -ούχος (-oúchos) → λεωφορειούχος (leoforeioúchos, “bus owner”)
εκατομμύριο (ekatommýrio, “million”) + -ούχος (-oúchos) → εκατομμυριούχος (ekatommyrioúchos, “millionaire”)
Words formed with -ούχος Α αεριούχος Δ δαδούχος Ε εκατομμυριούχος Λ λεωφορειούχος Τ ταλαντούχος
SUFFIX
-άδα • (-áda) f
Used to form verbal nouns from nouns:
βάρκα (várka, “boat”) + -άδα (-áda) → βαρκάδα (varkáda, “boating”)
άμαξα (ámaxa, “carriage”) + -άδα (-áda) → αμαξάδα (amaxáda, “going for a drive”)
Used to form a noun from an adjective:
φρόνιμος (frónimos, “sensible”) + -άδα (-áda) → φρονιμάδα (fronimáda, “wisdom”)
νόστιμος (nóstimos, “tasty”) + -άδα (-áda) → νοστιμάδα (nostimáda, “flavour, piquancy”)
Used to form a noun derivative:
πορτοκάλι (portokáli, “orange”) + -άδα (-áda) → πορτοκαλάδα (portokaláda, “orangeade”)
Used to form a collective numeral from a cardinal number (meaning a group of or a set of):
τρία (tría, “three”) + -άδα (-áda) → τριάδα (triáda, “triad, set of three”)
δώδεκα (dódeka, “twelve”) + -άδα (-áda) → δωδεκάδα (dodekáda, “dozen”)
είκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + -άδα (-áda) → εικοσάδα (eikosáda, “score, set of twenty”)
Α αμαξάδα Γ Γλυφάδα Δ δωδεκάδα Ε εκατοντάδα Μ μακαρονάδα Π πορτοκαλάδα
SUFFIX
-αριά • (-ariá) f
used to indicate an approximate age or amount:
δέκα (déka, “ten”) + -αριά (-ariá) → δεκαριά (dekariá, “around ten, about ten”)
είκοσι (eíkosi, “twenty”) + -αριά (-ariá) → εικοσαριά (eikosariá, “around twenty, about twenty”)
used to indicate a device which uses or causes the noun it is suffixed to:
κλειδί (kleidí, “key”) + -αριά (-ariá) → κλειδαριά (kleidariá, “lock, padlock”)
ζυγός (zygós, “balance, scale”) + -αριά (-ariá) → ζυγαριά (zygariá, “scales”)
ψήνω (psíno, “to roast, to cook”) + -αριά (-ariá) → ψησταριά (psistariá, “rotisserie, barbecue”)
added to a fruit/plant/body organ noun, to create words for trees/plants that produce it or when it is used (in the case of body organs) as food
pine (pine, “κουκουνάρι”) + -αριά (-ariá) → κουκουναριά (koukounariá, “pine tree”)
λυγίζω (lygízo, “to bend”) + -αριά (-ariá) → λυγαριά (lygariá, “osier, wicker”)
συκώτι (sykóti, “liver”) + -αριά (-ariá) → συκωταριά (sykotariá, “offal, entrails”)
Ζ ζυγαριά Κ κλειδαριά Λ λυγαριά Ψ ψησταριά
PREFIX From ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) From Proto-Indo-European *sēmi. Cognates include Sanskrit सामि (sāmi) Latin sēmi-
Ἀτᾰλάντη • (Atalántē) f (genitive Ἀτᾰλάντης); first declension
(Greek mythology) Atalanta
From ἀ- (“used to express unity”) + τάλαντον (tálanton, “balanced”).
From ἀ- (“same”) + τάλαντον (tálanton, “weight”)
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χᾰ́ρῐσμᾰ • (khárisma) n (genitive χᾰρῐ́σμᾰτος); third declension
A favourable disposition towards: grace, favor
A voluntary favourable act: favour, gift.
χάρισμα • (chárisma) n (plural χαρίσματα)
endowment, gift (of a personal quality)
Είχε το χάρισμα της μαντικής. ― Eíche to chárisma tis mantikís. ― She has the gift of divination.
From χαρίζομαι (“show favor”) middle passive
from χάρις (“grace”) noun
from χαίρω (“I am happy”) + -μα (-result noun).
χᾰ́ρῐς • (kháris) f (genitive χᾰ́ρῐτος); third declension
Noun
beauty, elegance, charm, grace
favourable disposition towards someone: grace, favor, goodwill
(Judaism, Christianity) the grace or favor of God
a voluntary act of goodwill
gratitude, thanks
influence (opposite force)
gratification, delight
χαίρω • (khaírō)
Verb
To be full of cheer, i.e. calmly happy or well off
To enjoy [+dative = something], [+participle = doing something]
(perfect) To be very glad; to enjoy [+dative = something], [+participle = doing something] a great deal
(on meeting or parting, as an imperative) Be well; farewell, be glad, God speed, greetings, hail, joy(‐fully), rejoice (as a salutation)
χάρη • (chári) f (plural χάρες) Noun favour (UK), favor (US) (a deed in which help is voluntarily provided) pardon (releasing order) grace
χαίρομαι • (khaíromai)
first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of χαίρω (khaírō)
χαίρομαι • (chaíromai) deponent (past χάρηκα)
(intransitive) be happy, be glad
(transitive) enjoy
χαίρω • (chaíro) (past -) (largely found in the expressions shown)
be happy, be glad
Χαίρε Μαρία ― Hail Mary
χαίρετε ― hi, hello, greetings
χαίρω πολύ ― pleased to meet you
χαίρω καλής φήμης ― have a good reputation
χαίρω μεγάλης εκτιμήσεως ― to hold in high esteem
χαίρω άκρας υγείας ― to enjoy good health
χάρηκα πολύ ― pleased to have met you
χαιρέκακος • (chairékakos) m (feminine χαιρέκακη, neuter χαιρέκακο)
maliciously gleeful, spiteful
χαιρεκακία (chairekakía, “schadenfreude, malicious gleeful”)
χαιρέκακα (chairékaka, “with malicious glee, spitefully”)
ευχαριστώ • (efcharistó) (past ευχαρίστησα, passive ευχαριστιέμαι/ευχαριστούμαι)
(“thanks”)
Η Αθηνά ευχαρίστησε το Νίκο για το δώρο.― Athena thanked Niko for the present.
Ευχαριστώ, αλλά δε θα πάρω.― Τhanks, but no thanks.
ευχαριστούμε (efcharistoúme, “we thank you”)
ευχαριστώ • (efcharistó)
thank you!, thanks! (first-person singular of verb)
εὐχᾰρῐστέω • (eukharistéō) to bestow a favour on, oblige to be grateful, thankful to thank, give thanks to pray to wish well, congratulate
From εὐχάριστος (eukháristos, “grateful”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix).
Denominative Verb
From Late Latin dēnōminātīvus, a calque of παρώνυμος (parṓnumos, “derivative”). It originally had the meaning “derived”,[1] but in its grammatical sense, it has developed the meaning “from a noun”, perhaps a reinterpretation of the Latin morphemes that it consists of: the preposition dē (“from”) and the stem of nōmen (“noun”).
denominative (plural denominatives)
A word, often a verb, that is derived from a noun or adjective.
πᾰρώνῠμος • (parṓnumos) m or f (neuter πᾰρώνῠμον)
formed by a slight change, derivative
πᾰρᾰ́ (pará, “from; besides”) + ὄνῠμᾰ (ónuma, “name”)
πᾰρώνῠμον • (parṓnumon) n (genitive πᾰρωνῠ́μου); second declension
byname, nickname
surname; cognomen, agnomen
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collate (v.)
1610s, “to bring together and compare, examine critically as to agreement,” from Latin collatus, irregular past participle of conferre “to bring together,” from assimilated form of com “with, together” (see com-) + lātus “borne, carried” (see oblate (n.)), serving as past participle of ferre “to bear” (from PIE root *bher- (1) “to carry”). Specifically, in bookbinding, “to verify the correct arrangement” (of the pages), 1770. Related: Collated; collating.
collation (n.)
late 14c., “act of bringing together and comparing,” from Old French collation (13c.) “collation, comparison, discussion” (also “a light supper”), from Latin collationem (nominative collatio) “a bringing together, collection, comparison,” noun of action from collatus, irregular past participle of conferre “to bring together” (see collate).
The word has had many meanings over the centuries in theology and law. It was the title of a popular 5c. religious work by John Cassian (sometimes translated into Old English as Þurhtogenes), hence the word’s general sense “a compilation of lives of the Church fathers.” The “light supper” sense is from the meal taken by members of a monastery at the end of the day after hearing readings from the Collation.
Related entries & more
collateral (adj.)
late 14c., “accompanying, attendant” (especially as an auxiliary), also “descended from the same stock but in a different line” (distinguished from lineal), from Old French collateral (13c.), from Medieval Latin collateralis “accompanying,” literally “side by side,” from assimilated form of Latin com “with, together” (see com-) + lateralis “of the side,” from latus “the side, flank of humans or animals, lateral surface,” a word of uncertain origin.
Literal sense of “parallel, along the side of” attested in English from mid-15c. Related: Collaterally. Collateral damage is by 1873 in legal cases; in modern use, a euphemism for “the coincidental killing of civilians,” an extended sense from c. 1968, American English, at first generally with reference to nuclear weapons.
collateral (n.)
“colleague, associate,” 1510s, from collateral (adj.). Meaning “something of value given as security” is from 1832, American English, from phrase collateral security “property, etc., given to secure the performance of a contract” (1720), in which collateral (adj.) has the sense of “aiding or confirming in a secondary way.”
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CHARISMA
ἀντιχαίρω (antikhaírō, “rejoice in turn”)
ἐπῐχαίρω (epikhaírō, “rejoice over”)
κᾰτᾰχαίρω (katakhaírō, “exult over”)
περῐχαίρω (perikhaírō, “rejoice exceedingly”)
προσχαίρω (proskhaírō, “rejoice at”)
προχαίρω (prokhaírō, “rejoice beforehand”)
συγχαίρω (sunkhaírō, “rejoice with”)
ῠ̔περχαίρω (huperkhaírō, “rejoice exceedingly”)
ῠ̔ποχαίρω (hupokhaírō, “rejoice secretly”)
ᾰ̓ποχαιρετίζω (apokhairetízō, “say farewell, take leave”)
ἐπῐχαιράγαθος (epikhairágathos, “taking delight in what is good”)
ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκέω (epikhairekakéō, “rejoice at one’s misfortune”)
ἐπῐχαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ f (epikhairekakíā, “joy over one’s misfortune, spite”)
ἐπῐχαιρέκᾰκος (epikhairékakos, “rejoicing over one’s misfortune”)
Χαιρέας m (Khairéas)
χαιρέφῠλλον n (khairéphullon, “garden chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium”)
Χαιρεφῶν m (Khairephôn)
χαιρεκᾰκέω (khairekakéō, “ἐπιχαιρεκακέω, rejoice at another’s misfortune”)
χαιρεκᾰκῐ́ᾱ f (khairekakíā, “ἐπιχαιρεκακία, joy over one’s misfortune, spite”)
χαιρέκᾰκος (khairékakos, “ἐπιχαιρέκακος, rejoicing over one’s misfortune”)
χαιρέτισμα n (khairétisma, “greeting, salutation,”)
χαιρετισμός m (khairetismós, “greeting, visit”)
χαιρετιστῐκός (khairetistikós, adjective)
χαιρετῐ́ζω (khairetízō, “greet, welcome someone”)
χαιρητῐκός (khairētikós, “jovial, hilarious”)
χαιροσύνη f (khairosúnē, “joy”)
Χαιρώνεια f (Khairṓneia)
Χαιρωνεύς (Khairōneús)
Χαίρε Μαρία (Chaíre María, “Hail Mary”)
χαίρετε (chaírete, “hello, greetings”)
χαίρω πολύ (chaíro polý, “pleased to meet you”)
επιχαίρω (epichaíro, “gloat, rejoice over failure”)
συγχαίρω (synchaíro, “congratulate”)
χαρά f (chará, “joy”), χαρούμενος (charoúmenos, “happy”)
χαιρετώ (chairetó, “to say hello”)
χαιρετίζω (chairetízo, “greet”)
χαιρέκακος (chairékakos, “spiteful”)
χαίρομαι (chaíromai)
καταχαίρομαι (katachaíromai, “exult, rejoice extremely”)
χάρη f (chári, “grace; favour”)
χάρις f (cháris, “grace”), ευχαριστώ (efcharistó, “thank”)
ἀπευχαριστέω (apeukharistéō)
εὐχαριστήριος (eukharistḗrios)
εὐχαριστητέον (eukharistētéon)
ὑπερευχαριστέω (hupereukharistéō)
Synonyms
να ‘σαι καλά (na ‘sai kalá, “may you be well”)
χάρτης
CARD
πιστωτική κάρτα • (pistotikí kárta) f (plural πιστωτικές κάρτες)
(“credit card”)
χρεωστική κάρτα • (chreostikí kárta) f (plural χρεωστικές κάρτες)
(“debit card”)
χρεωστικός • (chreostikós) m (feminine χρεωστική, neuter χρεωστικό)
debit
From χαράσσω (kharássō, “I scratch, inscribe”)
from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to scratch”)
χᾰρᾰ́σσω • (kharássō)
to sharpen
to engrave, carve, write, draw, stamp
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CHARACTER-ISTIC
χᾰρᾰκτήρ • (kharaktḗr) m (genitive χᾰρᾰκτῆρος); third declension instrument used for engraving person who engraves, engraver impress, stamp, seal reproduction, representation figure, letter, character characteristic, character style
From χαράσσω (“I scratch, engrave”) + -τήρ (agent noun suffix).
Latin - character m (genitive charactēris); third declension
branding iron
brand (made by a branding iron)
characteristic, mark, character, style
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charter (plural charters)
A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges.
A similar document conferring rights and privileges on a person, corporation etc.
A contract for the commercial leasing of a vessel, or space on a vessel.
The temporary hiring or leasing of a vehicle.
A deed (legal contract).
A special privilege, immunity, or exemption.
(Britain, derogatory, in a noun phrase with another noun which is either an agent or action) a provision whose unintended consequence would be to encourage an undesirable activity .
charter (third-person singular simple present charters, present participle chartering, simple past and past participle chartered)
(transitive) To grant or establish a charter.
(transitive) To lease or hire something by charter.
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LATIN
charta f (genitive chartae); first declension papyrus, paper poem, a writing (Medieval Latin) map the papyrus plant
charta f
charter, an important document declaring political principles or rights
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From Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “papyrus, paper”).
κάρτα • (kárta) f (plural κάρτες) card credit card, debit card postcard business card birthday card, greeting card
Borrowed from Italian carta, from Latin charta, from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “sheet of paper”)
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ευχετήρια κάρτα f (efchetíria kárta, “greeting card”)
κάρτα γενεθλίων f (kárta genethlíon, “birthday card”)
κάρτα επιβίβασης f (kárta epivívasis, “boarding card”)
κίτρινη κάρτα f (kítrini kárta, “yellow card”)
καρτ-ποστάλ n (kart-postál, “postcard”)
κόκκινη κάρτα f (kókkini kárta, “red card”)
μητρική κάρτα f (mitrikí kárta, “motherboard”)
πιστωτική κάρτα f (pistotikí kárta, “credit card”)
χρεωστική κάρτα f (chreostikí kárta, “debit card”)
χριστουγεννιάτικη κάρτα f (christougenniátiki kárta, “Christmas card”)
επισκεπτήριο n (episkeptírio, “visiting card”)
μίτρᾰ
ἀμείβω
PROMISE - COVENANT - EXCHANGE
from pro (“forth”) + mittere (“to send”); see mission.
prōmissum n (genitive prōmissī); second declension
promise
prōmittō (present infinitive prōmittere, perfect active prōmīsī, supine prōmissum); third conjugation
I send forth.
I promise.
From prō + mittō (“I send”).
Latin - prō prō Preposition for on behalf of, in the interest of, for the sake of before in front, instead of about according to as, like as befitting
Latin - mittō
mittō (present infinitive mittere, perfect active mīsī, supine missum); third conjugation
I send, cause to go, let go, release, discharge
I put out, extend, reach out (my hand)
I announce, tell, report, send word, advise
I yield, furnish, produce, export
I put an end to
I let or bring out, put or send forth, send out, emit; let blood, bleed; utter a sound, speak, say
I throw, hurl, cast, launch, send; throw down, sprinkle
I attend, guide, escort
I dismiss, disregard.
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from Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to exchange”)
*mey-
to bind
*mey-
to change, exchange
to change places → to go past
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μίτρᾰ • (mítra) f (genitive μίτρᾱς); first declension A metal guard worn round the waist A maiden's girdle (medicine) A surgical bandage A headband, a snood A victor's chaplet at the games A kind of turban
Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to bind”)
mītra f (genitive mītrae); first declension
turban
mitre
From Ancient Greek μίτρα (“headband, turban”).
From Sanskrit मित्र (mitra, “friend, ally”)
from Proto-Indo-Aryan *mitrás (“friend”)
from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”)
Middle English mytre (plural mytris) A piece of headgear; a cap or hat: mitre (cap worn by Christian priests) A cap worn by Jewish priests.
Original PII meaning is preserved in Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (miθra, “covenant”). In Sanskrit and modern Indo-Aryan languages, mitra means “friend”, one of the aspects of binding and alliance.
𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 • (miθra) m contract agreement pact covenant Proper noun 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 • (Miθra) m Mithra
मित्र • (mitrá) n
friendship
a friend, companion
(with औरस (aurasa)) a friend connected by blood-relationship
an ally (a prince whose territory adjoins that of an immediate neighbour who is called अरि (ari), enemy; in this meaning also applied to planets)
a companion to = resemblance of (+ genitive)
(at the end of a compound) resembling, like
name of the god Mitra (enumerated among the 10 fires)
𐎷𐎰𐎼 (Miθra)
Mithra, a Zoroastrian deity.
Μῐ́θρᾱς • (Míthrās) m (genitive Μῐ́θρου); first declension
Greek form of Iranian Mithra (e.g. Herodotus Histories I,131; Plutarch, Isis and Osiris 46.7)
Greek name of the figures of various syncretic Helleno-Zoroastrian cults of Asia Minor (100 BC-200 AD)
Greek form of Latin Mithras, cult figure of the Roman mystery religion that flourished between 100 and 400 AD.
Μῐθρῐᾰκός • (Mithriakós) m (feminine Μῐθρῐᾰκή, neuter Μῐθρῐᾰκόν)
Adjective
Of or pertaining to Mithras: Mithraic
Mithraism
An astrology-based, middle-platonic mystery cult of the 1st-4th century Roman Empire that claimed to have been founded by “Zoroaster”.
*meh₁- (“to measure”)
Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“to exchange”)
Sanskrit मन्त्र (mantra, “that which causes to think”)), then literally means “that which binds”, and thus “covenant, treaty, agreement, promise, oath” etc.
Old English (ge)maere (“border, boundary-post”).
Latin: mūnis (“read to be of service”)
Latin: mūnia (“duties, functions”)
remunerate (v.)
1520s, “pay for work or services,” back-formation from remuneration.
from Latin remuneratus, past participle of remunerari (later remunerare) “repay, reward,” from re- “back” (see re-) + munerari “to give,”
from munus (genitive muneris) “gift, office, duty”
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Ancient Greek: ἀμείβω (ameíbō, “to exchange, change”)
ᾰ̓μείβω • (ameíbō)
(active)
(transitive) to exchange [+accusative and genitive = something for something]
(transitive) to give in exchange often with the preposition ἀντί (antí)
(transitive) to take in exchange
(transitive) to pass in or out of a house
(middle)
(intransitive) to do in turn or alternately, alternate, move crosswise
(transitive) to reply, answer (also in compounds) quotations ▼
(transitive) repay, requite [+accusative and dative = someone for something]
ἀμοιβή • (amoibḗ) f (genitive ἀμοιβῆς); first declension
requital, recompense
change, exchange
From ἀμείβω (ameíbō, “to exchange”) + -η (-ē, verbal noun suffix).
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remuneration (n.)
c. 1400, from Middle French remuneration and directly from Latin remunerationem (nominative remuneratio) “a repaying, recompense,” noun of action from past participle stem of remunerari “to pay, reward,” from re- “back” (see re-) + munerari “to give,” from munus (genitive muneris) “gift, office, duty” (see municipal).
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From Middle English promis, promisse.
borrowed from Old French promesse.
from Medieval Latin prōmissa
Latin prōmissum (“a promise”)
feminine and neuter of promissus,
past participle of prōmittō (“I send or put forth, let go forward, say beforehand, promise”)
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OLD ENGLISH
ġecwide n a speech, word; saying, term, expression phrase, sentence; clause proverb proposal; argument; opinion agreement, decision; decree
(from Old English ġehāt (“promise, vow”) derived from ġehātan), Middle English quidde, quid (“saying, promise”).
χρέος - χρέωση - χρεωστικός - χρεώνω
πίστωση - πίστη - πιστώνω - πιστεύω
CREDIT - DEBIT
πίστω - χρέος
χρέος • (chréos) n (plural χρέη)
debt
χρέος • (khréos) n (genitive χρέους); third declension
want, need
affair, business
debt
χρεώ • (khreṓ) f (genitive χρεοῦς); third declension
(chiefly Epic) want, need, necessity
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn for”).
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”), the root of χράομαι (khráomai)/χρεώ (khreṓ, “to need”) and χρή (khrḗ, “have to, ought”).
ἀξῐόχρεως • (axiókhreōs) m or f (neuter ἀξῐόχρεων); second declension noteworthy, considerable serviceable, sufficient trustworthy, bona fide, reliable able to, competent to worthy of, deserving of
χρᾰ́ομαι • (khráomai)
(in perfect, κέχρημαι, with present sense)
desire, yearn after [+genitive = something, someone]
to need, lack [+genitive = something]
(in perfect and pluperfect) to enjoy a benefit, have [+dative = something]
(in present or perfect, mainly after Homer)
to use, make use of, take part in, manage, administer, etc. [+dative = something]
to experience, suffer, be subject to, feel
with verbal nouns, periphrasis for the verb related to the noun
to use [+dative and dative = something for something]
to deal with
to treat [+dative = someone] in a particular way.
χρή (khrḗ) + -άω (-verbs).
-ᾰ́ω • (-áō)
Forms verbs, usually from nouns in -ᾱ (-ā), -η (-ē)
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to yearn”), the root of χράομαι (khráomai)/χρεώ (khreṓ, “to need”) and χρή (khrḗ, “have to, ought”).
owe (third-person singular simple present owes, present participle owing, simple past owed or (archaic) ought, past participle owed or (archaic) own)
(transitive) To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone.
(intransitive) To have debt; to be in debt.
From Middle English owen, from Old English āgan,
from Proto-Germanic *aiganą,
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂óyḱe (“to possess, own”),
reduplicated stative of *h₂eyḱ- (“to own”).
See also own, ought.
From Middle English oughte, aughte, aȝte, ahte,
from Old English āhte, first and third person singular past tense of…
Old English āgan (“to own, possess”)
ought
(auxiliary) Indicating duty or obligation.
Old English - ahtẹ ahtẹ that Don dadjet ahte boađášit! You said that you'd come! so that, in order that
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CREDIT
credit (third-person singular simple present credits, present participle crediting, simple past and past participle credited)
(transitive) To believe; to put credence in.
Synonyms: accept, believe
(transitive, accounting) To add to an account.
credit (countable and uncountable, plural credits)
Reliance on the truth of something said or done; faith; trust.
Borrowed from Middle French crédit (“belief, trust”)
from Latin crēditum (“a loan, credit”)
neuter of crēditus, past participle of crēdere (“to believe”).
credere
Verb
(“to believe, to think”)
crēdō (present infinitive crēdere, perfect active crēdidī, supine crēditum); third conjugation
(with accusative or dative) I believe, I trust in, I give credence to.
I confide in, have confidence in.
I commit, consign, entrust to.
from Proto-Indo-European *ḱred dʰeh₁- (“to place one’s heart, i.e. to trust, believe”)
*ḱréddʰh₁eti (“to place one’s heart”)
compound phrase of oblique case form of *ḱḗr (“heart”)
(whence also Latin cor) and *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”)
(whence also Latin faciō)
From Ancient Greek κῆρ • (kêr) n (genitive κῆρος); third declension
(“heart”)
The seat of the will
The seat of the passions
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Latin - facio
faciō (present infinitive facere, perfect active fēcī, supine factum); third conjugation iō-variant, irregular passive voice
I do
Quid feci?
What have I done?
Latrocinium modo factum est. (special usage; passive perfect = took place, lit. has been made/ is done)
A robbery just took place.
Factum est.
(It) is done.
I make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect
I make, produce, compose.
I appoint.
From Proto-Italic *fakiō]
from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”)
possibly through a later intermediate root *dʰh₁-k-yé/ó-.
Cognates include Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi)
Sanskrit दधाति (dádhāti)
Old English dōn English -(“do”)
Lithuanian dėti (“to put”).
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DEBIT
debit (countable and uncountable, plural debits)
In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.
A cash sale is recorded as debit on the cash account and as credit on the sales account.
A sum of money taken out of a bank account. Thus called, because in bank’s bookkeeping a cash withdrawal diminishes the amount of money held on the account, i.e. bank’s debt to the customer.
Borrowed from Middle French debet, from Latin debitum (“what is owed, a debt”), neuter of debitus, past participle of debere (“to owe”); Doublet of debt.
dēbitum n (genitive dēbitī); second declension
A debt; something that is owed to another person or entity.
An obligation.
A rent, rental payment.
From dēbeō, dēhibeō (“owe, have obligation”)
dēbeō (present infinitive dēbēre, perfect active dēbuī, supine dēbitum); second conjugation
to have or keep from someone
to owe something, to be under obligation to and for something
to be bound, in duty bound to do something; “I ought”, “I must”, “I should”
Contraction of *dēhibeō, from dē- + habeō (“have”).
From - dē (“of”, “from”).
From - habeō (present infinitive habēre, perfect active habuī, supine habitum); second conjugation
to have, hold
to own, have (possessions)
to possess, have (qualities)
to retain, maintain.
to conduct, preside over.
to regard, consider or account a person or thing as something.
to accept, bear, endure.
(of feelings, problems) to affect, trouble (someone).
(Late Latin, Medieval Latin, auxiliary verb for perfect tense) to have
(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) want, will, shall, should, would.
Another way of denoting ownership besides using the verb habeō is using the possessor in the dative case (e.g. mihi (“to me”), tibi (“to you”), nōbīs (“to us”)) with the copula esse (“to be”), literally asking whether the item in question “is at you”. For example:
Habēsne epistolas? - Do you have the letters?
Suntne tibi epistolae? - Do you have the letters?
From Proto-Italic *habēō or *haβēō, the latter may be…
from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, to take”).
Compare Old Irish gaibid (“to take, hold”)
dēbitus (feminine dēbita, neuter dēbitum); first/second-declension participle
(“owed”)
from de (“from”) + habeō (“I have”)
from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt, a duty”)
χρεωστικό γραμμάτιο
Promissory Note
PROMISORY NOTE
Who is the issuer or maker of the promissory note.
To who is the debt owed?
What is owed? (Money, Services, Duties etc)
A debt exist
Who owes whom.
Payment schedule.
Remedy and recourse. (Foreclosure etc.)
Jurisdiction of Parties.
Location or Parties.
Governing instrument establishing rules of promissory note.
Can the note be sold to another party? (Negotiable Instrument)
Payment schedule.
Late fees.
Attorneys fees in the event of breach.
What Is a Promissory Note?
A promissory note is a financial instrument that contains a written promise by one party (the note’s issuer or maker) to pay another party (the note’s payee) a definite sum of money, either on demand or at a specified future date. A promissory note typically contains all the terms pertaining to the indebtedness, such as the principal amount, interest rate, maturity date, date and place of issuance, and issuer’s signature.
Although financial institutions may issue them (see below), promissory notes are debt instruments that allow companies and individuals to get financing from a source other than a bank. This source can be an individual or a company willing to carry the note (and provide the financing) under the agreed-upon terms. In effect, anyone becomes a lender when he issues a promissory note.
The term “promissory note” should be inserted in the body of the instrument and should contain an unconditional promise to pay.
Promissory notes lie somewhere between the informality of an IOU and the rigidity of a loan contract. A promissory note includes a specific promise to pay, and the steps required to do so (like the repayment schedule), while an IOU merely acknowledges that a debt exists, and the amount one party owes another.
A loan contract, on the other hand, usually states the lender’s right to recourse—such as foreclosure—in the event of default by the borrower; such provisions are generally absent in a promissory note. While it might make note of the consequences of non-payment or untimely payments (such as late fees), it does not usually explain methods of recourse if the issuer does not pay on time.
Promissory notes that are unconditional and salable become negotiable instruments that are extensively used in business transactions in numerous countries.
A loan contract, on the other hand, usually states the lender’s right to recourse—such as foreclosure—in the event of default by the borrower; such provisions are generally absent in a promissory note. While it might make note of the consequences of non-payment or untimely payments (such as late fees), it does not usually explain methods of recourse if the issuer does not pay on time.
Mortgages vs. Promissory Notes
Homeowners usually think of their mortgage as an obligation to repay the money they borrowed to buy their residence. But actually, it’s a promissory note they also sign, as part of the financing process, that represents that promise to pay back the loan, along with the repayment terms. The promissory note stipulates the size of the debt, its interest rate, and late fees. In this case, the lender holds the promissory note until the mortgage loan is paid off. Unlike the deed of trust or mortgage itself, the promissory note is not entered into in county land records.
συναλλαγματική
BILL OF EXCHANGE
συναλλαγματική • (synallagmatikí) f (plural συναλλαγματικές)
(finance) banker’s draft, bill of exchange
τιμολόγιο
λογαριασμός
BILL - INVOICE
τιμολόγιο • (timológio) n (plural τιμολόγια)
Noun
(commerce) invoice, bill
τιμή (“price”) + -ο- (-o-) + λόγος (“computation, reckoning”)
λογαριασμός • (logariasmós) m (plural λογαριασμοί)
bill (UK); tab, check (US) (account at restaurant, etc)
Μπορώ να έχω τον λογαριασμό; ― Boró na écho ton logariasmó? ― Can I have the bill please?
invoice, account
Synonym: τιμολόγιο (timológio)
account (at bank, with company, etc)
financial report
From Mediaeval Byzantine Greek λογαριασμός (logariasmós, “calculation”), from aorist stem λογαριασ- of verb λογαριάζω (logariázo) + -μός (-mós). From Ancient Greek λογάριον (logárion), neuter diminutive of masculine λόγος (lógos).
αλογάριαστος (alogáriastos, “not calculated; incalculable”)
λογαριάζω (logariázo, “calculate”)
χάνω το λογαριασμό • (cháno to logariasmó)
(colloquial) lose count
αλογάριαστος • (alogáriastos) m (feminine αλογάριαστη, neuter αλογάριαστο) incalculably large, vast incalculable, not reckoned lavish, unstinted, generous rash
αλόγιστος • (alógistos) m (feminine αλόγιστη, neuter αλόγιστο)
rash, thoughtless
τεράστιος (terástios, “huge, vast”)
μεγάλος (megálos, “big”)
γραμμάτιο
NOTE
πράξη εμπιστοσύνης
εμ-πιστο-σύν-ης
TRUST DEED
εμπιστοσύνη • (empistosýni) f (uncountable)
(singular only) trust; confidence.
See ancient ἐμπιστεύω (empisteúō, “I entrust”).
εμπιστεύομαι • (empistévomai) deponent (past εμπιστεύτηκα/εμπιστεύθηκα)
(transitive) trust, entrust someone
(transitive) confide something
from ἐν (en, “in”) + πιστεύω (pisteúō, “believe”).
εμπιστοσύνη f (empistosýni, “trust, confidence”)
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πράξη • (práxi) f (plural πράξεις) act, deed action, praxis (finance) transaction (computing, logic, mathematics) operation (drama) act
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What Is a Trust Deed?
A trust deed, also known as a deed of trust, is a document sometimes used in real estate transactions in the U.S. It is a document that comes into play when one party has taken out a loan from another party to purchase a property. The trust deed represents an agreement between the borrower and a lender to have the property held in trust by a neutral and independent third party until the loan is paid off.
Understanding Trust Deeds
In a real estate transaction—the purchase of a home, say—a lender gives the borrower money in exchange for one or more promissory notes linked to a trust deed. This deed transfers legal title to the real property to an impartial trustee, typically a title company, escrow company, or bank, which holds it as collateral for the promissory notes. The equitable title—the right to obtain full ownership—remains with the borrower, as does full use of and responsibility for the property.
This state of affairs continues throughout the repayment period of the loan. The trustee holds the legal title until the borrower pays the debt in full, at which point the title to the property becomes the borrowers. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the trustee takes full control of the property.
Trust Deed vs. Mortgage
Trust deeds and mortgages are both used in bank and private loans for creating liens on real estate, and both are typically recorded as debt in the county where the property is located.
However, a mortgage involves two parties: a borrower (or mortgagor) and a lender (or mortgagee). In contrast, a trust deed involves three parties: a borrower (or trustor), a lender (or beneficiary), and the trustee. The trustee holds title to the lien for the lender’s benefit; in case the borrower defaults, it will initiate and complete the foreclosure process at the lender’s request.
Mortgage
Contrary to popular usage, a mortgage is not technically a loan to buy a property; it’s an agreement that pledges the property as collateral for the loan.
Foreclosures and Trust Deeds
Mortgages and trust deeds have different foreclosure processes. A judicial foreclosure is a court-supervised process enforced when the lender files a lawsuit against the borrower for defaulting on a mortgage. The process is time-consuming and expensive.
Also, if the foreclosed-property auction doesn’t bring in enough money to pay off the promissory note, the lender may file a deficiency judgment against the borrower, suing for the balance. However, even after the property is sold, the borrower has the right of redemption: They may repay the lender within a set amount of time and acquire the property title.
In contrast, a trust deed lets the lender commence a faster and less-expensive non-judicial foreclosure, bypassing the court system and adhering to the procedures outlined in the trust deed and state law. If the borrower does not make the loan current, the property is put up for auction through a trustee’s sale.
The title transfers from the trustee to the new owner through the trustee’s deed after the sale. When there are no bidders at the trustee sale, the property reverts to the lender through a trustee’s deed. Once the property is sold, the borrower has no right of redemption.
What Is Right of Redemption?
Right of redemption is the legal right of a mortgagor or borrower who owns real estate to reclaim his or her property once certain terms have been met. The right of redemption gives property owners who pay off their back taxes or liens on their property the ability to prevent foreclosure or the auctioning off of their property, sometimes even after an auction or sale has occurred. The amount paid generally must also include the costs incurred in the foreclosure process, plus the entire amount of the mortgage if the payoff comes after foreclosure or auction.
The term right of redemption can also be used in another sense. Debtors have the right to pay their creditors an amount equal to the fair market value of the assets securing the lien. By doing so, they can reclaim their personal property.
Foreclosure occurs because when a person obtains a mortgage to buy a home, the home itself serves as the collateral for the loan. Since the home acts as collateral, the home owner agrees that they will forfeit ownership of the home in the event that they default on their payments. When a home is foreclosed upon, the lender will generally sell the property in order to recoup money lost on the loan.
In opposition to right of redemption, many mortgage notes include the right of foreclosure describes a lender’s ability to take possession of a property through a legal process called foreclosure. Lenders may invoke their right to foreclosure when a homeowner defaults on their mortgage payments. The mortgage’s terms will outline the conditions under which the lender has the right to foreclose. State and national laws also regulate the right of foreclosure. The right of foreclosure does not give lenders the right to take possession of a home without notice. Lenders must abide by specific procedures in order for a foreclosure to be legal. First, they must provide a default notice to the borrower, alerting them to the fact that their loan is in default from missed payments.
The homeowner then generally has a specified amount of time to make good on any missed payments and avoid foreclosure. They will likely also be required to pay late payment fees in addition to any outstanding balance. They may also use this time to fight the foreclosure if they believe that the lender does not actually have the right to foreclose on the property.
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πρᾶξῐς • (prâxis) f (genitive πρᾱ́ξεως); third declension Noun deed, act, action, activity business dealing success collection of debts, arrears business, office work, treatise magic spell (euphemistic) sexual intercourse conduct, practice state, condition
From πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō, “I do, practice”) + -σῐς (-sis).
from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-k-yé-ti, a *k-enlargement of *per(h₂)- (“to go over, cross”).
deed (plural deeds)
An action or act; something that is done.
A brave or noteworthy action; a feat or exploit.
Action or fact, as opposed to rhetoric or deliberation.
I have fulfilled my promise in word and in deed.
(law) A legal instrument that is executed under seal or before witnesses.
I inherited the deed to the house.
From Middle English dede, from Old English dēd, dǣd (“deed, act”), from Proto-Germanic *dēdiz (“deed”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis (“deed, action”). Analyzable through Proto-Germanic as do + -th. Cognate with West Frisian died, Dutch daad (“deed, act”), German Low German Daad, German Tat (“deed, action”), Swedish, Norwegian and Danish dåd (“act, action”). The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “setting, arrangement”).
θέσῐς • (thésis) f (genitive θέσεως); third declension
a setting, placement, arrangement
deposit
adoption (of a child)
adoption (in the more general sense of accepting as one’s own)
(philosophy) position, conclusion, thesis
(dancing) putting down the foot
(metre) the last half of the foot
(rhetoric) affirmation
(grammar) stop
From Ancient Greek θέσις (thésis, “a proposition, a statement, a thing laid down, thesis in rhetoric, thesis in prosody”).
Could simply be from τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put, place”) + -σις (-sis), or could go back earlier. If so, would be from a Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis, from *dʰeh₁- (whence also τίθημι (títhēmi)
ἐπένθεσῐς • (epénthesis) f (genitive ἐπενθέσεως); third declension
(grammar) Insertion of a letter
From ἐπεντῐ́θημῐ (epentíthēmi, “I insert”) + -σῐς (-sis, verbal noun suffix).
ἐπενθετῐκός • (epenthetikós) m (feminine ἐπενθετῐκή, neuter ἐπενθετῐκόν); first/second declension
Adjective
(“inserted”)
thesis (plural theses)
A statement supported by arguments.
A written essay, especially one submitted for a university degree.
(logic) An affirmation, or distinction from a supposition or hypothesis.
(music) The accented part of the measure, expressed by the downward beat; the opposite of arsis.
(poetry) The depression of the voice in pronouncing the syllables of a word.
(poetry) The part of the metrical foot upon which such a depression falls.
εγγύηση
BAIL - COLLATERAL
εγγύηση • (engýisi) f (plural εγγυήσεις)
(law) bail, guarantee, pledge
(trade) guarantee, warranty
Είναι υποχρεωμένοι από το νόμο να έχουν 2 χρόνια εγγύηση.
Eínai ypochreoménoi apó to nómo na échoun 2 chrónia engýisi.
They are required by law to have a 2 year warranty.
security deposit.
ανεγγύητος (anengýitos, “unguaranteed”, adjective)
εγγυημένος (engyiménos, “guaranteed”, adjective)
What Is Collateral?
Collateral is an asset that a lender accepts as security for extending a loan. If the borrower defaults on her loan payments, the lender may seize the collateral and sell it to recoup some or all of his losses. Collateral can take the form of real estate or other kinds of assets, depending on what the loan is used for.
How Collateral Works
Loans that are secured by collateral are typically available at substantially lower interest rates than unsecured loans. A lender’s claim to a borrower’s collateral is called a lien. The borrower has a compelling reason to repay the loan on time because if she defaults on it, then she stands to lose her home or whatever other assets she has pledged as collateral.
εγγύηση
BAIL
εγγύηση
bail
εγγύηση
Noun
warranty, guarantee, security, bail, collateral, guaranty
εγγυητής
Noun
guarantee, guarantor, surety, sponsor, bondsman, bail
εγγυώμαι
Verb
guarantee, warrant, vouch, ensure, pledge, bail
εγγυητής
guarantee, guarantor, surety, sponsor, bondsman, bail
ανεγγύητος (anengýitos, “unguaranteed”, adjective)
εγγυημένος (engyiménos, “guaranteed”, adjective)
bail (plural bails)
Noun
Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person’s appearance for trial.
(law, Britain) Release from imprisonment on payment of such money.
(law, Britain) The person providing such payment.
A bucket or scoop used for removing water from a boat etc.
A person who bails water out of a boat.
(obsolete) Custody; keeping.
Borrowed from the Old French verb bailler (“to deliver or hand over”) and noun bail (“lease”)
from Latin bāiulāre, present active infinitive of bāiulō (“carry or bear”) from baiulus (“porter; steward”) (English: bailiff).
baiulus m (genitive baiulī); second declension
a carrier: a porter
one who carries an activity out or on, particularly:
a manager: a steward or (Medieval) bailiff
an administrator
bail (third-person singular simple present bails, present participle bailing, simple past and past participle bailed)
To secure the release of an arrested person by providing bail.
(law) To release a person under such guarantee.
(law) To hand over personal property to be held temporarily by another as a bailment.
to bail cloth to a tailor to be made into a garment; to bail goods to a carrier
(nautical, transitive) To remove (water) from a boat by scooping it out.
to bail water out of a boat
(nautical, transitive) To remove water from (a boat) by scooping it out.
to bail a boat
To set free; to deliver; to release.
εγγύηση • (engýisi) f (plural εγγυήσεις) Noun (law) bail, guarantee, pledge (trade) guarantee, warranty security deposit
Είναι υποχρεωμένοι από το νόμο να έχουν 2 χρόνια εγγύηση.
They are required by law to have a 2 year warranty.
Translations of εγγυητής
guarantee - εγγύηση, εγγυητής
guaranty - εγγύηση, εγγυητής
guarantor - εγγυητής
warranter - εγγυητής
surety - εγγύηση, ασφάλεια, εγγυητής, βεβαιότητα
security - ασφάλεια, εγγύηση, ασφάλιση, σιγουριά, χρεόγραφο, εγγυητής
sponsor - ανάδοχος, υποστηρικτής, εγγυητής
bondsman - εγγυητής
voucher - απόδειξη πληρωμής, εγγυητής, παραστατικό στοιχείο, μάρτυς, διατακτική ταξιδιού
bail - εγγύηση, εγγυητής
bond - δεσμός, ομολογία, εγγυητής
bailer - αντλία, εγγυητής, σεσούλα
bailsman - εγγυητής
εγγυώμαι
ASSURE - VOUCH FOR
εγγυητής
BAILIFF
OLD ENGLISH
rēafian
(“to rob, to plunder, to reave”)
From Proto-Germanic *raubōną.
*raubōną
to rob, steal, plunder
From Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to snatch”).
Equivalent to *raubaz (“robbery”) + *-ōną
From Middle English reve, from Old English rēfa, an aphetism of ġerēfa (also groefa), perhaps dissimilated from Proto-Germanic *grēfijô (“officer, official”). Compare Danish greve, Swedish greve, Dutch graaf, German Graf. Role, and later word, mostly replaced by bailiff, of Anglo-Norman origin.
Etymology 1 From Middle High German grâve from Old High German grāfio from Proto-Germanic *grēfijô. Noun count (member of German nobility)
count (plural counts)
The male ruler of a county.
A nobleman holding a rank intermediate between dukes and barons.
(entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Tanaecia. Other butterflies in this genus are called earls and viscounts.
Borrowed from Anglo-Norman conte and Old French comte (“count”), from Latin comes (“companion”) (more specifically derived from its accusative form comitem) in the sense of “noble fighting alongside the king”. Doublet of comes and comte.
comte m (plural comtes, feminine comtesse) count, earl
comté (“county”)
comes m or f (genitive comitis); third declension
a companion, comrade, partner
an attendant, a servant
(Medieval Latin) a count, an earl.
From com- + the stem of eō.
German Wikipedia has an article on:
Graf
Graf m (genitive Grafen, plural Grafen, female Gräfin)
count (member of German nobility)
bailiff (plural bailiffs)
(law enforcement) An officer of the court, particularly:
(historical, Norman term) A reeve, (specifically) the chief officer executing the decisions of any English court in the period following the Norman Conquest or executing the decisions of lower courts in the late medieval and early modern period.
(Britain) A high bailiff: an officer of the county courts responsible for executing warrants and court orders, appointed by the judge and removable by the Lord Chancellor.
(Britain) A bound bailiff: a deputy bailiff charged with debt collection.
(US, colloquial) Any law enforcement officer charged with courtroom security and order.
A huissier de justice or other foreign officer of the court acting as either a process server or as courtroom security.
A public administrator, particularly:
(obsolete) A king’s man: any officer nominated by the English Crown.
(historical) The chief officer of a hundred in medieval England.
The title of the mayor of certain English towns.
The title of the castellan of certain royal castles in England.
The chief justice and president of the legislature on Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands. quotations ▼
The High Bailiff of the Isle of Man.
(obsolete) A bailie: an alderman in certain Scottish towns.
(historical) An appointee of the French king administering certain districts of northern France in the Middle Ages.
(historical) A head of a district (“bailiwick”) of the Knights Hospitaller; a head of one of the national associations (“tongues”) of the Hospitallers’ headquarters on Rhodes or Malta.
(historical) A landvogt in the medieval German states.
A private administrator, particularly
(historical) A steward: the manager of a medieval manor charged with collecting its rents, etc.
(historical) An overseer: a supervisor of tenant farmers, serfs, or slaves, usually as part of his role as steward (see above).
(historical, mining) The foreman or overman of a mine.
(Britain, slang) Any debt collector, regardless of his or her official status.
grâve m
count, local judge
From Old High German grāfo, grāvo, grāfio, grāvio (“count, local judge”).
OLD ENGLISH
græf n
grave
From Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”).
συναλλαγματική
BILL OF EXCHANGE
άλλαγμα • (állagma) n (uncountable)
change, changing, replacement (the process)
see: αλλαγή f (allagí, “change”)
αλλαγή • (allagí) f (plural αλλαγές)
change, differentiation, replacement (the action and the effect)
Έκανε μια αλλαγή στις ρυθμίσεις.― He made a change to the settings.
Η αλλαγή στη συμπεριφορά του ήταν απροσδόκητη. ― The change in behaviour was not expected.
from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos).
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ἄλλος • (állos) m (feminine ἄλλη, neuter ἄλλο); first/second declension
Adjective
other, another, different, else
(with article) all others, all besides, the rest
(with numerals) yet, still
(in lists) as well, besides, too
equivalent to ἀλλοῖος (alloîos) of another sort than (with genitive)
(in phrases)
in combination with τις (tis) any other; anyone else, anything else
in the phrase ἄλλος τε καὶ (állos te kaì) especially, most of all
in the phrase εἴ τις καὶ ἄλλος (eí tis kaì állos) or εἴ τι καὶ ἄλλο (eí ti kaì állo) if anyone, whoever else; if anything, whatever else.
ἄλλον • (állon)
accusative singular masculine of ἄλλος
ἄλλοι • (álloi)
nominative/vocative plural masculine of ἄλλος
ἄλλους • (állous)
accusative plural masculine of ἄλλος
ἄλλῠδῐς • (álludis)
Adverb
(Epic) to another place
From the stem of ἄλλος (állos, “other”)
ἀλλά • (allá)
but … (on the “other” hand)
Old English elles (English else).
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. From *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Determiner *h₂élyos other, another
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ἀλλήλων • (allḗlōn)
referring back to a plural subject, and expressing an action done in two directions: of one another, to one another, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally
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άλλαγμα n (állagma, “process of changing”)
αλλαγμένος (allagménos, “changed”)
αλλάζω (allázo, “to change”)
αλλαξιά f (allaxiá, “change of, set of”)
άλλος (állos, “other, more”)
ανταλλαγή f (antallagí, “exchange, barter”)
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What Is a Bill of Exchange?
A bill of exchange is a written order once used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party on demand or at a predetermined date. Bills of exchange are similar to checks and promissory notes—they can be drawn by individuals or banks and are generally transferable by endorsements.
How Bill of Exchange Transactions Works
A bill of exchange transaction can involve up to three parties.
- The drawee is the party that pays the sum specified by the bill of exchange.
- The payee is the one who receives that sum.
- The drawer is the party that obliges the drawee to pay the payee.
The drawer and the payee are the same entity unless the drawer transfers the bill of exchange to a third-party payee.
Unlike a check, however, a bill of exchange is a written document outlining a debtor’s indebtedness to a creditor. It’s not payable on demand and is usually extended with credit terms, such as 90 days. As well, a bill of exchange must be accepted by the drawee to be valid.
Bills of exchange generally do not pay interest, making them in essence post-dated checks. They may accrue interest if not paid by a certain date, however, in which case the rate must be specified on the instrument. They can, conversely, be transferred at a discount before the date specified for payment.
Bill exchanges aren’t used much today—having been replaced with paper currency, bank wires, and credit/debit cards.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
A bill of exchange is a written order binding one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party on demand at some point in the future.
The document often includes three parties—drawee is the party that pays the sum, the payee receives that sum, the and drawer is the one that obliges the drawee to pay the payee.
A bill of exchange orders a debtor to pay a particular amount within a given period of time, while a promissory note is issued by the debtor.
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Bill of Exchange vs. Promissory Note
The difference between a promissory note and a bill of exchange is that the latter is transferable and can bind one party to pay a third party that was not involved in its creation. Banknotes are common forms of promissory notes. Bills of exchange orders a debtor to pay a particular amount within a given period of time—issued by the creditor. The promissory note is issued by the debtor and is a promise to pay a particular amount of money in a given period.
Example of a Bill of Exchange Transaction
Company ABC purchases auto parts from Car Supply XYZ for $25,000. Car Supply XYZ draws a bill of exchange, becoming the drawer and payee in this case, for $25,000 payable in 90 days. Company ABC becomes the drawee and accepts the bill of exchange and the goods are shipped. In 90 days, Car Supply XYZ will present the bill of exchange to Company ABC for payment. The bill of exchange was an acknowledgment created by Car Supply XYZ, which was also the creditor in this case, to show the indebtedness of Company ABC, the debtor.
Requirements for a Bill of Exchange
A bill of exchange must clearly detail the amount of money, the date, and the parties involved including the drawer and drawee.
τρίτο μέρος
THIRD PARTY
Party μέρος • (méros) n (genitive μέρεος or μέρους); third declension part, component, region share, portion one's turn heritage, lot, destiny member of a set, kind, type
From μερ- (mer-)
the root of μείρομαι (“to receive as one’s portion”), + -ος (-os).
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to assign, allot”).
Latin - mereō (present infinitive merēre, perfect active meruī, supine meritum); second conjugation
I earn, deserve, merit, obtain
I earn a living
Ancient Greek μέρος (méros, “share, portion”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to assign, allot”)) + -eo.
Latin - merx f (genitive mercis); third declension
merchandise, commodity
goods, wares
Mercurius m sg (genitive Mercuriī or Mercurī); second declension
Mercury; a Roman god associated with speed and trade; sometimes used as a messenger of the Gods, wearing winged sandals. Mercury was equated with the Greek god Hermes and many other Ancient divinities.
Hermes
(Greek mythology) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.
The Egyptian Thoth, identified with the Greek Hermes.
(astronomy) The planet Mercury when observed as an evening star.
Ἑρμῆς • (Hermês) m (genitive Ἑρμοῦ); first declension
(Greek mythology) Hermes, a Greek god, the son of Zeus and Maia.
from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to bind, put together”).
ἕρμα (hérma, “heap of stones”)
ἕρμᾰ • (hérma) n (genitive ἕρμᾰτος); third declension
prop, support, foundation, stay (of a ship), ballast
defense, cause
reef, rock
hill
heap of stones, cairn
pendant of the ear, earring
Alternatively, cognate with Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “protrusion, summit, peak, top, vertex”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérsmn̥ (“protrusion, bump, hill, summit, peak, top”) and, via the root *wers- (“to protrude”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”)
Derived terms Ἑρμαγόρας (Hermagóras) Ἕρμαρχος (Hérmarkhos) Ἑρμῆς (Hermês) Ἑρμογένης (Hermogénēs)
See also
𐀁𐀔𐀲 (e-ma-ta)
the Mycenaean Greek cognate 𐀁𐀔𐀲 (e-ma-ta /*hérmata)
(“straps”)
SUFFIX
-ᾱς • (-ās)
first aorist active participle ending
δειξ- (deix-, first aorist stem of δείκνῡμι (deíknūmi)) + -ας (-as) → δείξᾱς (deíxās)
λῡσ- (lūs-, first aorist stem of λῡ́ω (lū́ō)) + -ας (-as) → λῡ́σᾱς (lū́sās)
μειν- (mein-, first aorist stem of μένω (ménō)) + -ας (-as) → μείνᾱς (meínās)
-ᾰς • (-as)
The accusative plural ending of most third-declension nouns and many third-declension adjectives. -ᾰνς (-ans) is also used in the Cretan dialect.
The accusative plural ending of first-declension nouns and adjectives in various dialects attested in inscriptions: see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension § First declension.
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-ων • (-ōn)
Genitive plural of second- and third-declension nouns and adjectives not accented on the ultima
Masculine and neuter genitive plural of first- and second-declension not accented on the ultima
-ων • (-ōn)
Masculine singular of present, future, and second aorist active participles
-ων • (-ōn) m or f (neuter -ον); third declension
Added to adjective stems to form comparative forms.
From Proto-Indo-European *-yōs with contamination (see there).
Alternative forms[edit]
-ῑ́ων (-ī́ōn)
*-(é)-yōs
Forms adjectives from roots, meaning “very” or “rather”.
-ῑ́ων • (-ī́ōn) m or f (neuter -ῑον); third declension
Suffix added to some adjectival stems to form a comparative adjective: -er
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What is a Third Party?
A third party is an individual or entity that is involved in a transaction but is not one of the principals and has a lesser interest. An example of a third party would be the escrow company in a real estate transaction that acts as a neutral agent collecting the documents and money that the buyer and seller exchange when completing the transaction. As another example, if a debtor owes a creditor a sum of money and hasn’t been making the scheduled payments, the creditor is likely to hire a third party, a collection agency, to ensure that the debtor honors his agreement.
Understanding Third Party
Third parties may be used by companies to mitigate risk. For example, small investment firms face difficulty entering the industry when large firms continue leading the competition. One reason large firms grow more quickly is because they invest in middle- and back-office infrastructure. To stay competitive, many smaller firms outsource those functions as a method of gaining a greater share of the marketplace.
Small firms save time and money by leveraging scalable infrastructure with variable costs for trade operations, data storage, disaster recovery and system integration/maintenance. By outsourcing middle and back office solutions, small firms take advantage of technology and processes for more efficient task completion, maximum operating efficiency, reduced operational risks, decreased reliance on manual processes and minimal errors. Operational costs are reduced, compliance is enhanced, and tax and investor reporting improve.
Key Takeaways:
Third parties work on behalf of one or more individuals involved in a transaction.
In the case of a real estate transaction, an escrow company works to protect all parties in the transaction.
In the case of third party debt collection, the third party sides with the lender to recover as much of the outstanding debt as possible and is incentivized accordingly.
Third party is also used to refer to outsourcing certain functions to an outside company to ensure efficient service for clients.
Third Party Real Estate Escrow
A real estate escrow company acts as a third party to hold deeds, other documents and funds involved in completing real estate transactions. The company deposits the funds in an account on behalf of the buyer and the seller. The escrow officer follows the directions of the lender, buyer and seller in an efficient manner when handling the funds and documentation involved in the sale. For example, the officer pays authorized bills and responds to the principals’ authorized requests.
Although the escrow process follows a similar pattern for all homebuyers, the details differ among properties and specific transactions. The officer follows instructions when processing the escrow and, upon meeting all written requirements, delivers the documents and the funds to the appropriate parties before closing the escrow.
Third Party Debt Collections
A company may hire a collection agency for securing payment of company debt. Company invoices or initial customer contracts typically state at which time a collection agency may be used for securing outstanding payments. Some businesses can carry debt for years, whereas others expect payment within 90 days. The schedule depends on the market and the company’s relationship with the client.
When a business would pay more in court fees than the amount of the debt itself, the business may utilize a collection agency’s services instead of filing a lawsuit. The agency may pay the business 10% or less for each outstanding invoice, or it may agree to a large percentage of commission for recovered debts. The agency consolidates the company’s debt and goes to work recovering the outstanding balances.
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γενναιοδωρία
REMUNERATION - BOUNTY - GIFT
mūnus n (genitive mūneris); third declension
a service, office, employment
a burden, duty, obligation
a service, favor
a spectacle, public show
(in the plural) a public building made at the expense of an individual
a gift
Like mūnia (“duties”), it is derived from Proto-Indo-European *moy-nós, from *mey- (“change, swap”). As is the case with such derivatives as “municipality”, and “immunity”, the concept of trading goods and services in a way that conforms to a society’s laws is quite pertinent to this term. From the addition of the “com-“ prefix came commūnis (“common, public”), which is cognate to Proto-Germanic *gamainiz (“shared, communal, public”).
Mūnus means office, when someone is said to perform his office. Also ‘gift’, since it’s given because of the service.
mūnia n pl (genitive mūniōrum); second declension
(plural only) duties, functions
From Proto-Indo-European *moy-nós
From *mey- (“change, swap”).
mūnus (“service”) is from the same source.
καθήκον
DUTY
duty (countable and uncountable, plural duties)
That which one is morally or legally obligated to do.
We don’t have a duty to keep you here.
The state of being at work and responsible for or doing a particular task.
I’m on duty from 6 pm to 6 am.
A tax placed on imports or exports; a tariff.
customs duty; excise duty
(obsolete) One’s due, something one is owed; a debt or fee.
(obsolete) Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage.
The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).
καθήκοντα • (kathíkonta) n
Nominative plural form of καθήκον (kathíkon).
Accusative plural form of καθήκον (kathíkon).
Vocative plural form of καθήκον (kathíkon).
Related Terms
δασμός - duty, customs, impost φόρος - tax, duty, tribute, impost, scot χρέος - debt, duty, indebtedness, debit βάρδια - duty, guard καθήκο - duty, devoir, mission
φόρος
TAX - DUTY - IMPOST - TRIBUTE
φόρος • (fóros) m (plural φόροι)
tax (payment levied by the state)
tribute (payment in cash or kind levied on a state or individual)
From the o-grade of the root of φέρω (phérō, “to bring, carry”) + -ος (-os): originally “that which is brought”.
φορολογία f (forología, “taxation”)
φόρος m (fóros, “tax, duty”)
φοροαπαλλαγή f (foroapallagí, “tax exemption”)
φοροδιαφυγή f (forodiafygí, “tax evasion”)
φορολογία f (forología, “taxation”)
φοροτεχνικός m or f (forotechnikós, “tax consultant”)
φοροτεχνικός (forotechnikós, “tax related”)
φοροφυγάς m (forofygás, “tax evader”)
αριθμός φορολογικού μητρώου m (arithmós forologikoú mitróou, “tax registration number”)
φορολογώ (forologó, “to tax, to put a tax on”)
φορολόγηση f (forológisi, “taxation, taxing”)
φορολογικός m (forologikós, “tax”)
φορολογήσιμος (forologísimos, “taxable”)
φορολογούμενος (forologoúmenos, “tax paying”)
φορολογία • (forología) f (plural φορολογίες)
taxation, tax
From φόρος (“tax, duty”) + -λογία (calculate, account).
-φόρος • (-fóros) m
added to a noun to form a new noun for something or someone that, literally or figuratively, carries or bears that first noun:
άχθος (áchthos, “burde”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → αχθοφόρος (achthofóros, “porter”)
ασθενής (asthenís, “patient”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → ασθενοφόρο (asthenofóro, “ambulance”)
πετρέλαιο (petrélaio, “petrol”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → πετρελαιοφόρο (petrelaiofóro, “petrol or oil tanker”)
added to a noun to form a new adjective for something or someone that produces that first noun:
καρπός (karpós, “fruit”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → καρποφόρος (karpofóros, “fruitful”)
οπώρα (opóra, “fruit”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → οπωροφόρος (oporofóros, “fruit-producing”)
added to a noun to form a new adjective which indicates the result caused by the modified noun:
θάνατος (thánatos, “death”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → θανατηφόρος (thanatifóros, “lethal”)
κέρδος (kérdos, “profit”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → κερδοφόρος (kerdofóros, “profitable”)
added to a noun to form a new adjective or noun which indicates a wearer of the modified noun:
κέρατο (kérato, “horn”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → κερασφόρος (kerasfóros, “horned”)
ράσο (ráso, “robe”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → ρασοφόρος (rasofóros, “robed/robe-wearer”)
φουστανέλα (foustanéla, “fustanella”) + -φόρος (-fóros) → φουστανελοφόρος (foustanelofóros, “fustanella-wearer”)
δασμός
TARRIF
δασμός • (dasmós) m (plural δασμοί)
excise duty, duty
import tariff, tariff
δασμολόγηση f (dasmológisi, “duty or tariff imposition”)
δασμολογία f (dasmología, “duty or tariff imposition”)
δασμολογικός (dasmologikós, “related to excise duty”)
δασμολόγιο n (dasmológio, “duty list”)
δασμολόγος m (dasmológos, “expert in excise duty”)
δασμολογώ (dasmologó, “to impose duty”)
δωρεά
DONATION
δωρεά • (doreá) f (plural δωρεές)
donation, gift
(law) endowment
δωρεᾱ́ • (dōreā́) f (genitive δωρεᾶς); first declension
a gift, a present, and especially bounty
an estate granted by a king, a fief
see: δωρίζω (dorízo, “to give”)
δωρεάν (doreán, “for free”)
Adverb
δωρεᾱ́ν • (dōreā́n)
Adverb
as a free gift, freely, for free; also, by grant
to no purpose, for naught
δωρεάν • (doreán)
free, free of charge, gratis, as a gift
δωρίζω • (dorízo) (past δώρισα, passive δωρίζομαι)
Verb
give, donate
αξία
VALUE - MERIT - WORTH
αξία • (axía) f (plural αξίες)
value, price, worth
(figuratively) value, merit, worth
αξίζω (axízo, “to cost”)
αξίζω • (axízo) found only in the present and imperfect tenses
cost
Αξίζει 50 ευρώ τη βραδιά. ― It costs 50 euros a night.
I am worthy
(3rd singular persons impersonal) → αξίζει
αξία
SCALES - LIBRA
αξία • (axía) f (plural αξίες)
value, price, worth
(figuratively) value, merit, worth
αξίζω (axízo, “to cost”)
αξίζω • (axízo) found only in the present and imperfect tenses
cost
Αξίζει 50 ευρώ τη βραδιά. ― It costs 50 euros a night.
I am worthy
I am good for it
My word is my bond
αξίζει • (axízei) 3rd person singular present form of αξίζω (axízo) "he/she/it costs; he/she/it is worthy" (impersonal) it is worth it I am good for it My word is my bond
ἀξίᾱ • (axíā) f (genitive ἀξίᾱς); first declension
Noun
worth, value
Abstract noun from ἄξιος (“worthy”).
ᾰ̓́ξῐος • (áxios) m (feminine ᾰ̓ξῐ́ᾱ, neuter ᾰ̓́ξῐον); first/second declension
counterbalancing, weighing as much as, of like value
worthy, fit
From ἄγω (lead) + -τιος (draw), with the verb in the sense “draw down (in the scale)”, hence “weigh, import”.
ἀξιοπρεπής • (axioprepḗs) m or f (neuter ἀξιοπρεπές); third declension
proper, becoming
Worthy, fit, proper
Worth it
From ἄξιος (“worthy”) + πρέπω (“to be appropriate for”) + -ής (adjective suffix).
ἀξῐόχρεως • (axiókhreōs) m or f (neuter ἀξῐόχρεων); second declension
noteworthy, considerable
serviceable, sufficient
trustworthy, bona fide, reliable
able to, competent to
worthy of, deserving of
From ἄξιος ( merit, worth) + χρέος (debt, business affair, need)
valeō (present infinitive valēre, perfect active valuī, supine valitum); second conjugation, no passive
I am strong
I am well, healthy
I am worth
I am of effect, prevail
(Ecclesiastical Latin, Medieval Latin) I can; I prevail
(New Latin, rare) I leave; I go away.
from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti
from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).
*h₂welh₁-
to rule
strong, powerful.
Hittite: 𒄷𒌌𒇷𒄑𒍣 (ḫu-ul-le-ez-zi /hullezi/, “to smash, to defeat”)
Celtic: *walnati (“to rule, govern”)
Lithuanian: veldėti (“to inherit”)
Old Prussian: weldisnan sg (“inheritance”, acc)
Old Church Slavonic: владь (vladĭ, “power”)
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ENGLISH
value (countable and uncountable, plural values) The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable.
(uncountable) The degree of importance given to something.
That which is valued or highly esteemed, such as one’s morals, morality, or belief system.
The amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else.
ουσία
BEING - ESSENCE - TOKEN - AUTHORITY
“THAT” WHICH IS NAMED
From ὤν (actual, real), present participle of εἰμί (“to be”), + -ίᾱ (abstract noun suffix).
ὤν • (ṓn)
present participle of εἰμί (eimí)
actual, real
Cognate with Latin sōns (“guilty”)
Sanskrit सत् (sát, “being, essence, reality”)
Albanian gjë (“thing”)
English sooth (“true, a fact”).
Latin sōns
Thus “he who is it”, “the real person”
from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-s, the present participle of *h₁es- (whence also sum).
h₁sónts
active participle of *h₁ésti
Proto-Indo-European/
*h₁ésti
*h₁ésti (imperfective)
(“to be”)
Germanic: *sanþaz (“real, true”)
Sanskrit: सत् (sát, “existing, real”)
Latin: sōns (“guilty, criminal”), (ab-sēns, prae-sēns)
absēns (genitive absentis); third-declension one-termination participle
absent, missing
praesēns (genitive praesentis); third-declension one-termination adjective present immediate at hand existing prompt propitious (grammar) present
praesum (present infinitive praeesse, perfect active praefuī, future participle praefutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle
I am before something
I preside or rule over
I lead, take the lead
I command, have command, be in command of, have charge of, be in charge of
Etymology
From prae- + sum
Latin: sum
sum (present infinitive esse, perfect active fuī, future participle futūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle
(copulative) to be, exist, have
Civis romanus sum. ― I am a Roman citizen.
Sum sine regno. ― I am without a kingdom.
Dixit duas res ei rubori fuisse. ― He said that two things had abashed him.
Mihi est multum tempus. ― I have a lot of time. (lit. A lot of time is to me.)
to be there (impersonal verb)
(Medieval Latin, in the past tense) to go
sum (relative particle)
that, who, which
from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí)
Sanskrit अस्मि (ásmi)
Old English eom (English am).
Also: from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to become, be”) (whence also fīō (“to become, to be made”)
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The “referent” of a noun (name) or category (class, type, group)
Type / Token distinction.
ουσία • (ousía) f (plural ουσίες) being substance meaning, sense essence
Related terms
ουσιαστικό (“substantive, noun”)
ουσιαστικοποιώ
Verb
Substantivize/Nominalize
nominalism (countable and uncountable, plural nominalisms)
(philosophy) A doctrine that universals do not have an existence except as names for classes of concrete objects.
ουσιαστικός • (ousiastikós) m (feminine ουσιαστική, neuter ουσιαστικό)
substantial, real (true, actual)
essential (necessary)
From ουσία (“essence, substance”) + -τικός (forms adjectives: relating to, suited to, skilled in, able to, -ive
-τικός
From -σις (-sis, verbal noun suffix) or -τος (-tos, verbal adjective suffix) + -ικός (-ikós, adjective suffix)
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οὐσίᾱ • (ousíā) f (genitive οὐσίᾱς); first declension
that which is one’s own, one’s substance, property
(philosophy) Synonym of φύσις (phúsis) stable being, immutable reality
substance, essence
true nature of that which is a member of a kind
the possession of such a nature, substantiality
(in the concrete) the primary real, the substratum underlying all change and process in nature
(logic) substance as the leading category
(various uses after Plato and Aristotle)
Pythagorean name for I
name of a plaster
a fire-resisting substance
(in magic) a material thing by which a connection is established between the person to be acted upon and the supernatural agent
ουσιαστικό
NOUN - NAME
ουσιαστικό
ουσιαστικό • (ousiastikó) n (plural ουσιαστικά)
(grammar) substantive, noun (sensu stricto)
Declension[edit]
ουσιαστικό
Hypernyms
(noun): όνομα n ({name, noun (sensu lato)”)
Related terms
ουσιαστικοποιώ (ousiastikopoió, “substantivise”)
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όνομα • (ónoma) n (plural ονόματα)
name
Το όνομά μου είναι Σαμ. ― To ónomá mou eínai Sam. ― My name is Sam.
(figuratively) name, reputation
το καλό όνομα της εταιρείας ― to kaló ónoma tis etaireías ― the company’s good name
(grammar) noun (sensu lato), a word class including substantives (nouns, sensu stricto) and adjectives
ονομάζω (onomázo, “to name, to call”)
ονομασία f (onomasía, “naming”)
πρώτο όνομα n (próto ónoma, “first name”)
βαπτιστικό όνομα n (vaptistikó ónoma, “Christian name”)
μεγάλο όνομα n (megálo ónoma, “surname, family name”)
μικρό όνομα n (mikró ónoma, “first name”)
επινοημένος (epinoïménos, “fictional”)
επώνυμο n (epónymo, “surname”)
επωνυμικός (eponymikós)
οικογενειακό όνομα n (oikogeneiakó ónoma, “family name, surname”)
παρωνύμιο n (paronýmio, “folk name”)
πατρικό όνομα n (patrikó ónoma, “maiden name”)
προσωνυμία f (prosonymía, “name, title”)
ψευδώνυμο n (psevdónymo, “alias, pseudonym”)
εξουσία
AUTHORITY
POWER - CONTROL - DOMINION
εξουσία
νομοθετική εξουσία - legislative authority
δικαστική εξουσία - judgement authority, judicature, bench
παραίτηση από την εξουσία - abdication
έχει εξουσία - has power
