EMOTIONS (Greek) Flashcards
ἐλπῐ́ς
HOPE
ἐλπῐ́ς • (elpís) f (genitive ἐλπῐ́δος); third declension
Noun
hope, expectation, belief that something will happen.
object of hope
anxiety, boding.
428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 644c:
πρὸς δὲ τούτοιν ἀμφοῖν αὖ δόξας μελλόντων, οἷν κοινὸν μὲν ὄνομα ἐλπίς, ἴδιον δέ, φόβος μὲν ἡ πρὸ λύπης ἐλπίς, θάρρος δὲ ἡ πρὸ τοῦ ἐναντίου
in addition to both of these, [each of us] also [possesses] opinions about things that will happen, for which the usual name is “expectation”, and a particular [name]: the expectation before pain is fear, while [expectation] before the opposite is courage.
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *welp-, like ἔλπω (élpō, “I cause to hope”).
ελπίδα • (elpída) f (plural ελπίδες)
Noun
hope, expectation.
ανέλπιδος • (anélpidos) m (feminine ανέλπιδη, neuter ανέλπιδο)
Adjective
hopeless, without hope.
ελπίζω • (elpízo) (simple past έλπισα, ήλπισα, passive —) Verb (transitive) hope to, expect to (intransitive) hope, have hope. ἐλπίζω • (elpízō) Verb to hope for, to look for, expect. (of evils) to look for, fear. (with present infinitive) to think, deem, suppose, believe. (with dative) to hope in.
ἔλπω • (élpō) Verb I cause to hope. (Middle) I hope, expect. I expect anxiously, fear. I deem, suppose. From ἐλπίς (“hope”) + -ίζω (Used to form verbs from nouns, adjectives and other verbs).
ἤλπῐζον • (ḗlpizon)
Verb
first-person singular/third-person plural imperfect active indicative of ἐλπῐ́ζω (elpízō)
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COPTIC
ϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ (helpis) f (plural identical to singular)
hope, expectation.
απελπισία
HOPELESS - DESPAIR - DESPONDENT
απελπισία • (apelpisía) f (uncountable)
From απο (away) + ελπισ (hope) + -ία (abstract noun n suffix)
hopelessness, despair, distress
Όταν κάποιος έχει κατάθλιψη, τον πιάνει απελπισία. ― Ótan kápoios échei katáthlipsi, ton piánei apelpisía. ― When someone is depressed, they become despaired.
(figuratively) hopeless or disheartening situation
Η κατάσταση είναι σκέτη απελπισία. ― I katástasi eínai skéti apelpisía. ― The situation is completely desperate.
From Byzantine Greek ἀπελπισία (apelpisía), equivalent to απ- (ap-, “from”) + ελπισ- (ελπίζω) (elpis- (elpízo), “hope”) + -ία (-ía).
From ελπισ
Hope
From ελπίζω • (elpízo) (simple past έλπισα, ήλπισα, passive —)
Verb
(transitive) hope to, expect to
(intransitive) hope, have hope
Χαρά
JOY
χᾰρᾱ́ • (kharā́) f (genitive χᾰρᾶς); first declension
Noun
joy, exultation.
From χαίρω (khaírō) + -η (-ē).
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χαίρω • (khaírō)
Verb
To be full of cheer, i.e. calmly happy or well off
To enjoy [+dative = something], [+participle = doing something]
(perfect) To be very glad; to enjoy [+dative = something], [+participle = doing something] a great deal.
(on meeting or parting, as an imperative) Be well; farewell, be glad, God speed, greetings, hail, joy(‐fully), rejoice (as a salutation)
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χαίρομαι rejoice, enjoy, delight, joy. Verb (middle passive) χαίρομαι • (chaíromai) deponent (simple past χάρηκα) Verb (middle) (intransitive) be happy, be glad (transitive) enjoy
χαίρομαι • (khaíromai)
Verb
first-person singular present mediopassive indicative of χαίρω (khaírō)
χαίρω • (chaíro) (simple past -) (largely found in the expressions shown)
Verb
be happy, be glad
Χαίρε Μαρία ― Hail Mary.
χαίρετε ― hi, hello, greetings.
χαίρω πολύ ― pleased to meet you.
χαίρω καλής φήμης ― have a good reputation.
χαίρω μεγάλης εκτιμήσεως ― to hold in high esteem.
χαίρω άκρας υγείας ― to enjoy good health.
χάρηκα πολύ ― pleased to have met you.
επιχαίρω (“gloat, rejoice over failure”) συγχαίρω (“congratulate”) χαρά f (“joy”) χαρούμενος (“happy”) χαιρετώ (“to say hello”) χαιρετίζω (“greet”) χαιρέκακος (“spiteful”) χαίρομαι (chaíromai) καταχαίρομαι (“exult, rejoice extremely”) χάρη f (“grace; favour”) χάρις f (“grace”) ευχαριστώ (“thank you, thankful, grateful”)
ευχαριστώ (“I thank you”)
ευχαριστούμε (“we thank you”)
Synonym
να ‘σαι καλά (“may you be well”)
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εὐχᾰρῐστέω • (eukharistéō) Verb to bestow a favour on, oblige to be grateful, thankful to thank, give thanks to pray to wish well, congratulate.
From εὐχάριστος (eukháristos, “grateful”) + -έω (-éō, denominative verbal suffix).
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εὐχᾰ́ρῐστος • (eukháristos) m or f (neuter εὐχᾰ́ρῐστον); second declension Adjective pleasant, agreeable well-favoured, popular grateful, thankful.
From εὐ- (“good”) + χᾰ́ρῐς (“grace”) + -τος
SUFFIX
-τος
(Creates verbal adjectives of possibility).
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SUFFIX
- η
- η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine)
Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.
Added to o-grade of the verbal stem
τρέφω (tréphō, “to nourish”) + -η (-ē) → τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”)
Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem
φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -η (-ē) → φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”)
τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + -η (-ē) → τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”)
Added to e-grade of the verbal stem
στέγω (stégō, “to shelter”) + -η (-ē) → στέγη (stégē, “roof”)
ανάβω
άναψα
ανάβομα
AROUSE - ENFLAME - IGNITE - EXCITE
ανάβω • (anávo) simple past - άναψα passive - ανάβομαι Verb light, switch on ignite, set alight, set on fire infuriate (transitive, figuratively) arouse (sexually) (figuratively) excite, arouse.
ανάπτω • (anápto) (simple past ανάπτησα, passive ανάπτομαι)
Verb
Alternative form of ανάβω (anávo)
ανάφτω • (anáfto)
Verb
Colloquial and sometimes poetic form of ανάβω (anávo)
Synonyms
ανοίγω (anoígo, “to switch on”)
From the Ancient Greek ἀνοίγω (anoígō).
From ἀνα- (ana-) + οἴγω (oígō, “to open”).
(active) to open.
(passive) to be open, stand open, lie open.
(nautical) to get into the open sea, get clear of land.
(figuratively) to lay open, unfold, disclose.
PREFIX ᾰ̓νᾰ- • (ana-) up to, upwards, up (intensifier) thoroughly indicating repetition or improvement: re-, again back, backwards. See ᾰ̓νᾰ́ (aná, “up”).
οἴγω • (oígō)
Verb
to open.
οἴγνῡμῐ • (oígnūmi)
Verb
Synonym of οἴγω (oígō, “to open”)
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SUFFIX -νῡμῐ • (-nūmi) A suffix forming transitive verbs. Greek words suffixed with -νυμι οἴγνυμι σβέννυμι ῥώννυμι ῥήγνυμι πτάρνυμαι πήγνυμι πετάννυμι ὄρνυμι ὄμνυμι
ῥώννυμι οἴγνυμι ῥήγνυμι δείκνυμι ἕννυμι πήγνυμι πετάννυμι σβέννυμι μίγνυμι κεράννυμι
δέλεαρ
θέλγητρο
TO BE LURED - ENCHANTED - ENTICED
BAITED
δέλεαρ
Noun
Bait, a lure.
θέλγητρο
Lure, entice.
Attraction, allurement, charm, joy.
λύπη
λυπούμαι
SORROW
λύπη
regret, sadness, sorrow, grief, pain, woe.
λυπούμαι
regret, grieve, rue, sorrow.
θρηνώ
θρῆνος
θρηνούμαι
MOURN - LAMENT
θρηνώ
mourn, lament, weep, wail, moan, sorrow.
θρηνώ • (thrinó) simple past - θρήνησα passive - θρηνούμαι) Verb (transitive, intransitive) mourn, lament.
θρήνος • (thrínos) m (plural θρήνοι)
Noun
lament, wailing, wail.
From Ancient Greek θρῆνος (“wailing”)
θρηνώ (thrinó, “to mourn, to lament”)
θρηνούμαι • (thrinoúmai) passive
simple past - θρηνήθηκα
active - θρηνώ
passive form of θρηνώ (thrinó).
οργή
RAGE - ANGER - WRATH
οργή • (orgí) f (uncountable) Noun n rage, anger, wrath. A natural impulse or propensity. Adverbial usages, ὀργῇ in anger. in a passion.
Synonyms
θυμός m (thymós)
From the Ancient Greek ὀργή (orgḗ).
ὀργή • (orgḗ) f (genitive ὀργῆς); first declension
Noun
temper, temperament, disposition, nature, heart.
ὀργίζω (orgízō, “to make angry”)
εξοργίζω
enrage, exasperate, incense, madden, vex, anger.
ὀργή Original Word: ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: orgé Phonetic Spelling: (or-gay') Definition: impulse, wrath Usage: anger, wrath, passion; punishment, vengeance.
3709 orgḗ (from orgáō, “to teem, swelling up to constitutionally oppose”) – properly, settled anger (opposition), i.e. rising up from an ongoing (fixed) opposition.
3709 /orgḗ (“settled anger”) proceeds from an internal disposition which steadfastly opposes someone or something based on extended personal exposure, i.e. solidifying what the beholder considers wrong (unjust, evil).
[“Orgē comes from the verb oragō meaning, ‘to teem, to swell’; and thus implies that it is not a sudden outburst, but rather (referring to God’s) fixed, controlled, passionate feeling against sin . . . a settled indignation (so Hendriksen)” (D. E. Hiebert, at 1 Thes 1:10).]
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ὀργάω • (orgáō) Verb I ripen (of living things) I am sexually aroused or on heat. I am eager, ready, excited quotations.
A natural impulse or propensity.
ὀργάω - temperament, disposition, mood.
μετ’ ὀργῆς, indignant.
The ὀργή attributed to God in the N. T. is that in God which stands opposed to man’s disobedience, obduracy (especially in resisting the gospel) and sin, and manifests itself in punishing the same:
σκεύη ὀργῆς, vessels into which wrath will be poured (at the last day)
μανία
FURY - MADNESS
μᾰνῐ́ᾱ • (maníā) f (genitive μᾰνῐ́ᾱς); first declension
Noun
madness, frenzy, enthusiasm
mad desire, compulsion.
From μαίνομαι (“I am mad”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (abstract noun).
μαίνομαι • (maínomai)
Verb
I am mad, angry, I rage
I am mad, raving, out of my mind.
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OLD IRISH
muinethar
From Proto-Celtic *manyetor, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think, mind”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μαίνομαι (maínomai, “be mad”) and Sanskrit मन्यते (mányate, “think”).
Proto-Celtic/ *manyetor
*manyetor
to think.
From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-yé-tor, present deponent of *men- (“think”).
ad·muinethar (“remember”) ar·muinethar (“honour, venerate”) do·muinethar (“think, suppose, opine, conjecture”) fo·muinethar (“take heed, beware”) for·muinethar (“envy”)
From Proto-Indo-European / *men-
*men-
to think, mind
spiritual activity.
ανησυχία
ANXIETY
ανησυχία • (anisychía) f (plural ανησυχίες)
Noun
worry, anxiety.
angst worry anxiety apprehension unrest dismay disquiet disquietude
κέφι
CHEER
κέφι • (kéfi) n (plural κέφια) Noun high spirits, good humour, gaiety, merriness, merriment. good mood, disposition. good condition (of health), in form.
Antonym
ακεφιά f (akefiá, “low spirits”)
δυσθυμία f (dysthymía, “gloominess”)
Related terms
ακεφιά f (akefiá, “low spirits”)
άκεφος (ákefos, “gloomy”)
κακοκεφιά f (kakokefiá, “low spirits”)
κακοκεφιάζω (kakokefiázo, “become gloomy, loose my good mood”)
κακόκεφος (kakókefos, “gloomy, in low spirits”)
καλόκεφος (kalókefos, “cheerful, in high spirits”)
κεφάτος (kefátos, “cheerful”)
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κακοκεφιά • (kakokefiá) f (plural κακοκεφιές)
low spirits, gloominess, misery
Έχω κακοκεφιά σήμερα. ―
I have (am in) low spirits today.
From άκεφ(ος) (ákef(os), “gloomy”) + -ιά (“suffix for feminine nouns”).
Synonym: είμαι σε ακεφιά (eímai se akefiá)
θυμός
ANGER - SPIRIT - SOUL
EMOTIONAL DISPOSITION
TO EXIST UPON THE BREATH
θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine) Noun soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought soul, life, breath soul, heart desire, will temper, passion, disposition anger, rage, wrath heart, love thought, mind.
From Ancient Greek: θύω (thúō)
Pre-Greek, but may be related to θῡμός (thūmós), Latin suffiō, Hittite [script needed] (tuhhae, “pant, sigh”).
θῡ́ω • (thū́ō) Verb I offer in sacrifice, slay, burn, immolate I kill, slaughter (in a general sense) (middle) I cause to be sacrificed I consult (of oracles, prophets, etc) I celebrate
From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós *tʰūmós m Noun vapour (?), breath soul, spirit.
from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).
From *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”) + *-mós.
*dʰewh₂-
smoke, mist, haze.
SUFFIX
*(Ø)-mós m
Creates action/result nouns from verb stems.
From Sanskrit: धूलि (dhūli, “dust”)
From Irish: dúil (“desire”)
From Lithuanian: dúlis (“mist”)
Sometimes also reconstructed as *dʰuHmós. The reconstruction of root-final laryngeal *h₂ is based on Hittite 𒀭𒌅𒉿𒀪𒄩𒀸 (antuwaḫḫaš, “human”) and [script needed] (tuḫḫae-, “to produce smoke”).
Cognates include Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)
Lithuanian dūmas
Latin fūmus
Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ).
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HUMAN - (made from smoke)
𒀭𒌅𒉿𒄴𒄩𒀸 • (an-tu-wa-aḫ-ḫa-aš, /antuwaḫḫaš/) c
Noun
man, human being, person.
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰwéh₂ōs (genitive *h₁n̥dʰuh₂sós, literally “having breath inside”)
From *h₁en (“in, inside”) + *dʰweh₂- (“smoke”)
+ *-ōs
whence also *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)
From Proto-Indo-European / *h₁én *h₁én Adverb "in" Ancient Greek: εἰς (inside, within) *h₁(e)n-tér (“between”) *h₁én-teros (“inner, located inside”) *h₁(e)n-dó (“inside”)
ROOT
*dʰewh₂-
smoke, mist, haze
SUFFIX
*(é)-ōs m or f
Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs.
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LATIN
suffiō (present infinitive suffīre, perfect active suffīvī or suffiī, supine suffītum); fourth conjugation
Verb
I fumigate, perfume, scent.
From sub- (“under, within”) + *fiō, likely cognate with Ancient Greek θύω (thúō), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), whence also fūmus (“smoke, steam”) and fūlīgō (“soot”)
Latin: fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension
smoke, steam
indication, sign
fumus boni iuris ― sign of good law.
From Proto-Italic *fūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)
Latin: fūlīgō f (genitive fūlīginis); third declension
soot, lampblack.
From the Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂li-, from *dʰewh₂-. See also Latin furvus (“dark, swarthy”) and fūmus (“smoke”).
Latin: *fiō (present infinitive *fīre); fourth conjugation, no perfect or supine stem
(Vulgar Latin, Eastern Romance and Italy)
“I am”
Latin: fīō (present infinitive fierī, perfect active factus sum); third conjugation, semi-deponent
Verb
(copulative) I become, am made
Vos oramus ut discipuli acerrimi fiatis.
We are begging you so that you may become very keen students.
I happen
I take place.
From Proto-Italic *fuiō,
ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”).
Compare with fuī, originally the perfect of this verb but now attached to sum (“I am”)
Related Terms
Latin: faciō (present infinitive facere, perfect active fēcī, supine factum); third conjugation iō-variant, irregular passive voice
“I do”
I make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect
I make, produce, compose.
405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.3:
dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux
And God said: Be light made. And light was made.
I appoint.
From Proto-Italic *fakiō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”)
Cognates include Ancient Greek τίθημι (títhēmi), Sanskrit दधाति (dádhāti), Old English dōn (English do) and Lithuanian dėti (“to put”).
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ SANSKRIT धूम • (dhūm) m Noun smoke. Borrowed from Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Doublet of धुआँ (dhuā̃).
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δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ
From the Ancient Greek δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dusthūmíā, “despondency”, “despair”), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”, “hard”, “unfortunate”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “temper”, “disposition”).
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εὐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (euthūmíā) f (genitive εὐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
cheerfulness, tranquility.
From εὔθῡμος (eúthūmos, “cheerful”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).
δυσθυμία
DEPRESSED
δυσθυμία • (dysthymía) f (plural δυσθυμίες)
dysthymia (tendency to be depressed)
From the Ancient Greek δῠσθῡμῐ́ᾱ (dusthūmíā, “despondency”, “despair”), from δῠσ- (dus-, “bad”, “hard”, “unfortunate”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “temper”, “disposition”).
εὐθῡμῐ́ᾱ
DELIGHT
εὐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (euthūmíā) f (genitive εὐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
cheerfulness, tranquility.
From εὔθῡμος (eúthūmos, “cheerful”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).
ἀθῡμῐ́ᾱ
LACK OF HEART - DISPASSIONATE
ἀθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (athūmíā) f (genitive ἀθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
lack of heart, faintheartedness, despondency.
ἀ- (a-, “not”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “spirit”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, abstract noun suffix)
ᾰ̓προθῡμῐ́ᾱ
LACK OF READINESS - UNPREPARED
ᾰ̓προθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (aprothūmíā) f (genitive ᾰ̓προθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
lack of readiness.
From ἀπρόθῡμος (apróthūmos, “unready, backward”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).
αὐτοεπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ
INSPIRED
αὐτοεπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (autoepithūmíā) f (genitive αὐτοεπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension.
the Form of Desire.
From αὐτός (autós, “same, self”) + ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ (epithūmíā, “desire”)
ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (epithūmíā) f (genitive ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
yearning, longing, desire, craving
Often with a negative connotation: lust.
Related to ἐπῐ́θῡμος (epíthūmos, “desirous”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).
ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ
DESIRE - LUST - CRAVING
Related to ἐπῐ́θῡμος (epíthūmos, “desirous”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā).
ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (epithūmíā) f (genitive ἐπῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
yearning, longing, desire, craving
Often with a negative connotation: lust.
επιθυμία • (epithymía) f (plural επιθυμίες)
desire, wish.
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SYNONYMS
ῑ̔́μερος • (hī́meros) m (genitive ῑ̔μέρου); second declension
yearning, longing
desire, love.
λαγνείᾱ
SEXUAL LUST
λαγνείᾱ • (lagneíā) f (genitive λαγνείᾱς); first declension
sex, sexual intercourse
lasciviousness.
From λαγνεύω (lagneúō, “to have sex”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).
λαγνεία • (lagneía) f (uncountable)
lust, sexual desire
From Ancient Greek λαγνεία (lagneía), derived from the verb λαγνεύω (lagneúō, “to have sex”).
From λαγνεύω (lagneúō, “to have sex”) + -ίᾱ (-íā).
βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ
SULLEN
βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (baruthūmíā) f (genitive βᾰρῠθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
sullenness
From βᾰρῠ́θῡμος (barúthūmos, “sullen”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā),
from βᾰρῠ́ς (barús, “heavy, grievous”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).
γλῠκῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ
KINDNESS - SWEETNESS
γλῠκῠθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (glukuthūmíā) f (genitive γλῠκῠθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
sweetness of mind
Plato, Laws 635D
kind disposition, benevolence.
From γλῠκῠ́θῡμος (glukúthūmos, “sweet-minded”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from γλῠκῠ́ς (glukús, “sweet”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”).
δῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ
DISSENSION - TREACHERY
δῐθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (dithūmíā) f (genitive δῐθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
dissension
From δῐ́θῡμος (díthūmos, “at variance”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā), from δῐ́ς (dís, “twice”) + θῡμός (thūmós, “soul”)
ἐκθῡμῐ́ᾱ
EAGER
ἐκθῡμῐ́ᾱ • (ekthūmíā) f (genitive ἐκθῡμῐ́ᾱς); first declension
spirit, ardour, eagerness
From ἔκθῡμος (“frantic, spirited”) + -ῐ́ᾱ
from ἐκ- (“out”) + θῡμός (“soul”).
