development 2

Question 2

At what age is handedness typically established in children?

Answer 2

By 2-3 years of age

Question 3

What is the purpose of the corpus callosum in early childhood?

Answer 3

It connects the two brain hemispheres and supports coordinated movement

Question 4

What is animism in Piaget’s preoperational stage?

Answer 4

The belief that inanimate objects have human-like qualities

Question 5

What is egocentrism in the preoperational stage?

Answer 5

Difficulty understanding others’ viewpoints

Question 6

Which Piagetian stage involves the development of mental operations and logical thought?

Answer 6

Concrete operational

Question 7

What is the function of the amnion during prenatal development?

Answer 7

To cushion the embryo in fluid

Question 8

Which prenatal layer becomes the nervous system and skin?

Answer 8

Ectoderm

Question 9

What is the main risk of breech birth?

Answer 9

Umbilical cord compression

Question 10

What does the Babinski reflex indicate in infants?

Answer 10

Neurological health

Question 11

What does conservation require according to Piaget?

Answer 11

Understanding that quantity stays the same despite shape changes

Question 12

What is scaffolding?

Answer 12

Support provided to help a child perform a task until they can do it independently

Question 13

What is centration?

Answer 13

Focusing on one aspect of a situation and ignoring others

Question 14

What does myelination of the corpus callosum enable?

Answer 14

Better communication between brain hemispheres

Question 15

Which part of the brain is responsible for attention control and matures in middle childhood?

Answer 15

Reticular formation

Question 16

What is transitivity in Piaget’s theory?

Answer 16

Understanding logical relationships among elements in a series

Question 17

What kind of learning did Pavlov study?

Answer 17

Classical conditioning

Question 18

What is Vygotsky’s term for the space between what a child can do alone and with help?

Answer 18

Zone of Proximal Development

Question 19

What prenatal structure becomes the umbilical cord?

Answer 19

Allantois

Question 20

Which mnemonic strategy involves grouping items?

Answer 20

Organization

Question 21

Which memory strategy improves in use by age 7?

Answer 21

Rehearsal

Question 22

What is classification in Piaget’s concrete operational stage?

Answer 22

Sorting objects based on shared features

Question 23

What is seriation?

Answer 23

Ordering objects by a property such as size or length

Question 24

Which hormone triggers labor and uterine contractions?

Answer 24

Oxytocin

Question 25

Which term describes an infant's understanding that people and objects exist even when not seen?

Answer 25

Object permanence

Question 26

What is the Apgar scale used for?

Answer 26

Assessing newborn's physical condition

Question 27

Which part of the brain shows rapid development during 4-6 months of prenatal life?

Answer 27

Cerebral cortex

Question 28

What is the function of the yolk sac?

Answer 28

Produces initial blood cells for the embryo

Question 29

What is the function of the placenta?

Answer 29

Facilitates exchange of nutrients and waste

Question 30

What does the term cephalocaudal mean?

Answer 30

Development proceeds from head to toe

Question 31

What is a schema in Piagetian theory?

Answer 31

A mental structure for organizing knowledge

Question 32

What is a teratogen?

Answer 32

An environmental agent that can harm prenatal development

Question 33

What does theory of mind refer to?

Answer 33

Understanding that others have thoughts and perspectives

Question 34

What is the main feature of formal operational thought?

Answer 34

Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically

Question 35

What causes the cone-shaped head in newborns?

Answer 35

Compression during passage through the birth canal

Question 36

What is deferred imitation?

Answer 36

Imitating an action after a delay

Question 37

Which hemisphere typically controls language in right-handed people?

Answer 37

Left hemisphere

Question 38

Which attachment phase involves separation anxiety?

Answer 38

Attachment/Separation protest (7-9 months to 2 years)

Question 39

What is internal working model in attachment theory?

Answer 39

Mental representation of self and caregiver in relationships

Question 40

What did Harlow’s monkey study show?

Answer 40

Comfort is more important than food for attachment

Question 41

What is primary circular reaction in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?

Answer 41

Repetitive actions centered on the infant’s own body