Motivation Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Lamarckism
A
We inherit life experiences
2
Q
Ethology
A
The science of animal behaviour
3
Q
Appetitive phase
A
goal seeking behaviour
4
Q
consummatory phase
A
eg eating the animal
5
Q
Lorenz hydraulic model
A
Energy is build until behaviour is released - lower threshold more likelty to act
6
Q
Quasi needs
A
temporal needs that dissapear once resolved
7
Q
3 social needs
A
need for power archievement, affiliation (intimacy, approval)
8
Q
Relatedness
A
communal warm relationships
9
Q
Psychological needs
A
relatedness, competence, autonomy
10
Q
Secondary needs
A
conditions for growth not about survival
11
Q
Primary motivational systems
A
Thirst, sleep, hunger, sex
12
Q
Stimulates hunger
A
Lateral hypothalamus
13
Q
Stimulates satiety
A
Ventromedial hypothalamus
14
Q
Short term model
A
Glycostatic hypothesis (glucose
15
Q
Long term model
A
Lipostatic (fat)
16
Q
Motivation is adaptive and dynamic
A
Motivation is adaptive and dynamic
17
Q
Negative feedback
A
Stops motivated behaviour once the goal is archieved
18
Q
Homeostasis
A
balance
19
Q
Motivaitonal process
A
Goal/choice of target, Behavioral dynamism
20
Q
4 types of engagement
A
Behavioral, emotional, cognitive, agentic,
21
Q
Psychophysiological
A
Bodily indicators of motivation
22
Q
Internal motives
A
primary needs, secondary needs, cognitions, emotions
23
Q
Dorsolateral frontal lopes
A
coordinate motor activity
24
Q
Woodsworth: drive deponds on
A
Magnitude of need, response options, persistance until need is satisfied
25
Creationism
We were created by a divine being
26
Volition
doing something freely
27
Parsimony
Occams razor, explaining something as simple as possible
28
motivational process
Stimulus – Something triggers a need (e.g., hunger, challenge, opportunity).
Perception – You become consciously (or unconsciously) aware of it.
Evaluation – You assess:
How strong the need is (Desire/Need)
How valuable the goal is (Value)
How likely you are to succeed (Expectation)
(These interact in a multiplicative way → if any = 0, no motivation occurs)
Goal Choice – You decide what to pursue.
Decision to Act – You commit to take action.
Activation – Your body and brain energize (get ready for behavior).
Direction – You choose behaviors aimed at reaching the goal.
Control of Results – You monitor progress:
Is the goal getting closer?
Is it still worth it?
Should I persist, adjust, or give up?
29
Latent learning
Hidden learning
30
Kurt Lewin 3 items, field theory of motivation
Motivation increases as the goal is coming closer, aspiration levels, is what you want to archieve, expectation what you raelistically think you cna archieve
31
Rotter
Motivation=Expectancy x value
32
Coercion audience effects
Performance improves with observers, and being evaluated
33
In groups people are less responsible
by-stander effect
34
Conformaty
adjusting behaviour to match a group
35
Obedience
Following instructions from an authority figure
36
Cognitive dissonance theory
When thoughts, believes or behaviours conflict we feel tension
37
Telic state
serious, goal oriented, future oriented
38
Paratelic state
playful fun present focused
39
Emotion is four events
Subjective feeling, biological response, social expression, intentional action
40
Biological view Emotions arise spontanously
Before awareness eg fear reflex
41
cognitive view of emotions
emotions arise after appraisal
42
two system perspective
System 1: Innate, automatic biological reactions.
System 2: Learned, experience-based, cognitive appraisals.
43
Plutchik emotional feedback loop
emotions are dynamic system influence each other
cognition, arousal, feelings, action preparation, expression, behavior
44
Two things ending an emotion
removal of the trigger, and a coping behaviour
45
James lange theory
Stimulus - body reaction - emotion
46
Cannon-Bard Theory: Emotions and body reactions happen simultaneously, but independently.
Body reactions are not specific enough to explain different emotions.
47
Facial Feedback Hypothesis:
facial expressions can trigger an emotion and change the intensity of it
48
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory:
arousal+cognitive arousal
49
Richard Lazarus:
Emotions depend on:
Personal relevance
Goal alignment
Self-esteem
Perceived ability to cope
evaluation can be conscious and unconscious
50
Orexis
inner drive to act on an emotion
51
Gross's Model (mentioned in final questions): Cognitive strategies to regulate emotion, like:
Reappraisal
Suppression
Distraction
52
Darwin
Emotional expressions are essential to help us survive
53
Subcortical areas of brain
Basic adaptive emotional responses
54
Neocortical areas
refined emotional processing
55
Processed differently in two hempisphere
Right hemisphere for negative, left hemisphere for positive
56
Emotion is not just what happens
but how you make sense of what happens
57
Natural selection
not random, but selects what is adventageous
58
Peripheral theories
The body drives the brain, signals from the bodys organs trigger motivational states
59
Central theories
The brain drives the body,
60
Motor topography
How a behaviour is performed, foxused on posture movement and facial expressions
61
Impulse theory
Magnitude of the impulse, dimensions of approach (personal experience) continuity of behaviour (persistant behaviour will satisfy the need)
62
Motivation persists until
the need is met, or the goal is deemed unattainable
63
Behaviour is a function of
who you are and your environment(current context)
64
Coercion-avoidance
the presence of others motivates us
65
observer statusthe higher the status the more motivation
observer status
66
Dissonance
When our thoughts and beliefs conflict
67
Consonance
Mental harmony
68
Interhemispheric
differences in right and left procwessing (left positive, negative right)
69
Intrahemispheric
Within one hemisphere anterior posterior (anterior frontal cortex involved in emotional evaluation posterior involved in emotional arousal
70
process emotion short route:
faster info less elaborated
71
Long route
dertailed analysis of emotional info
72
Valuation pathways
Analyzing importance of external stimuli
73
Define motivation
behavioural science, wanting to change oneself/environment
74
Self esteem
is a result not a cause
75
physiological needs
hunger thirst sleep sex ocygen
76
psychological needs
autonomy, competence, relatedness
77
Social needs
achievement, affiliation power
78
Choice of target
Intesity of the motive, incintive atractiveness, subject succes (can i do it) striving for the goal (amount of effort)
79
Endocrine sweat glands
Electrodermal act
80
Schachter singer two factor theory of emotion
Emotion=arousal+cognitive label
81
Driven by cognition (thoughts goals beliefs)
Top down motivation
82
Driven by bodily states, emotions, automatic
Bottom up
83
Motivation arises when there is a discrepabncy between current state and ideal homeostatic state
Drive theory
84
Optimal arousal is in. the middle
Yerkes dodson law
85
two systems view
Innate automatic system, which is fast subconscious, and cognitive evaluation system which is slower
86
meaning appetite desire or striving
orexis
87
