Learning Gpt Flashcards
(75 cards)
What key idea did Bandura’s Social Learning Theory challenge regarding the origins of human social behavior?
That human social behavior is not innate but learned through experience.
What are the two types of experience emphasized in Bandura’s theory of learning?
Direct experience and vicarious experience.
How does direct experience contribute to learning according to Social Learning Theory?
By reinforcing behavior through personal rewards or punishments.
What does vicarious experience involve in the context of social learning?
Observing others being rewarded or punished and imitating their behavior.
What classic experiment is associated with modelling aggressive behavior in children?
The Bobo Doll experiment by Bandura, Ross & Ross (1963).
What were the three variations in Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment involving the model?
Live model, recorded video, and a model in a cat costume (cartoon-like).
What did the Bobo Doll results indicate about the medium of aggression modeling?
Live models led to highest imitation, but video and cartoons still promoted aggression.
Strong evidence for social learning theory. If the children were rewarded they would imitate more, but also at a high rate if nothing happened.
What role does reinforcement play in how much a child imitates a model?
Children imitate more when they see the model being rewarded.
What did Bandura’s 1965 study show about the impact of punishment on imitation?
Punishment significantly reduced children’s imitation of aggressive behavior.
What did Bandura conclude about the effect of no consequence versus reinforcement?
There was no significant difference; vicarious reinforcement alone was not highly effective.
Which group showed the least aggression in Bandura’s 1965 follow-up study?
The group that observed the model being punished.
How can vicarious reinforcement promote prosocial behavior, according to Hornstein et al. (1970)?
Observing a model being positively reinforced for helping increased prosocial imitation.
What happened when participants saw a model return a wallet with a pleased reaction?
They were most likely to return a wallet themselves—demonstrating vicarious reinforcement of prosocial behavior.
What behavior did Group 2 show in Hornstein et al.’s wallet study?
Least likely to return the wallet when the model appeared annoyed—demonstrating vicarious punishment.
What do the terms “modelling” and “imitation” refer to in social learning?
Modelling is observing behavior; imitation is reproducing it.
Why did Bandura still acknowledge biological factors in aggression despite his learning theory?
He recognized biology’s role but emphasized experience as the primary influence.
What differentiates Social Learning Theory from simple behaviorism?
It includes internal cognitive processes like beliefs and motives in explaining behavior.
What theoretical perspective opposes the idea that learning is only stimulus-response based?
Social Learning Theory, which includes cognitive mediators and observational learning.
What does the term “vicarious” imply in psychological learning theories?
Learning occurs through observation rather than direct experience.
How did the children’s behavior in Bandura’s experiment support the idea of observational learning?
They mimicked aggressive acts despite having no direct reinforcement themselves.
How does Social Learning Theory explain the impact of media violence?
Exposure to aggressive models in media can lead to imitation of that aggression.
What does Social Learning Theory suggest about the potential to learn prosocial behavior?
That prosocial behavior, like aggression, can be learned by observing others being rewarded.
What cognitive factor is necessary for vicarious learning to take place?
The observer must mentally process and evaluate the consequences experienced by the model.
What concept explains why vicarious punishment reduces imitation?
Observing negative consequences discourages repetition of the modeled behavior.