Digestive Tract

Question 1

Epithelium of oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Answer 1

Stratified non-keratinised squamous epithelium

Question 2

Epithelium of nasal cavity and nasopharynx

Answer 2

Respiratory epithelium

Question 3

Digestive tract 4 main layers

Answer 3

Mucosa, submuscosa, muscualris externa and serosa or adventitia

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of the muscosa

Answer 4

Epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosae

Question 5

Mucosa epithelium

Answer 5

Sits on a basal lamina

Question 6

Mucosa lamina propria

Answer 6

Loose connective tissue

Question 7

Mucosa muscularis muscosae

Answer 7

Thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 8

Submucosa

Answer 8

Loose connective tissue

Question 9

Muscularis externa

Answer 9

Two thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

Question 10

Serosa

Answer 10

Outer layer of connective tissue that either suspends the digestive tract or attaches it to other organs

Question 11

Gastro-oesophageal junction

Answer 11

Abrupt transition from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

Mucosa of the stomach is made up of

Answer 12

Gastric pits and gastric glands

Question 13

Cells of the gastric gland

Answer 13

Isthumus - Parietal and stem cells
Neck - Mucous and parietal cells
Fundus - Chief cells, few parietal cells and enteroendocrine cells

Question 14

Chief cells

Answer 14

Digestive enzyme secreting cells

Question 15

Parietal cells

Answer 15

Hydrochloric acid producing cells

Question 16

Different regions of the stomach

Answer 16

Cardia, body and pylorus

Question 17

Mucosa of cardia

Answer 17

Deep gastric pits that branch into loosely packed tortuous glands

Question 18

Mucosa of body

Answer 18

Shallow gastric pits with long straight gastric glands

Question 19

Mucosa of body

Answer 19

Deep gastric pits with branched, coiled gastric glands

Question 20

Muscularis externa of the stomach

Answer 20

• Contains an extra layer
• Oblique to the circular and longitudinal layers
• Located internal to circular layer
• Aids in the churning action of the stomach

Question 21

Gastroduodenal junction

Answer 21

Abrupt transition from stomach mucosa to duodenal mucosa

Question 22

Duodenum

Answer 22

Contains Brunner’s glands in the submucosa

Question 23

Jejunum

Answer 23

Tallest villi, located on permanent circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa

Question 24

What are the circular folds of the small intestine known as

Answer 24

Plicae circularis

Question 25

Ileum

Answer 25

Characteristic by shorter villi and aggregations of lymphoid follicles

Question 26

What are the lymphoid follicules of the ileum known as

Answer 26

Peyer's patches

Question 27

Enterocytes

Answer 27

Tall columnar cells with a brush border and are the principle absorptive cell

Question 28

Goblet cells

Answer 28

Produce mucin to protect epithelium and lubricate passage of material

Question 29

Paneth cells

Answer 29

Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, they have a defensive function

Question 30

Neuroendocrine cells

Answer 30

Produce hormones that contribute to control of secretion and motility

Question 31

Stem cells

Answer 31

Found at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn, the divide to replenish the epithelium

Question 32

Function of Brunner's glands

Answer 32

Produce a thin, alkalin mucous to neutralise chyme

Question 33

Two principle cells of the large intestine

Answer 33

Absorptive cells and goblet cells

Question 34

Absorptive cells of the large intestine

Answer 34

Removal of slats and water

Question 35

Goblet cells of the large intestine

Answer 35

Secretion of mucus to lubricate the colon

Question 36

How are the cells of the large intestine arranged

Answer 36

Straight tubular glands referred to as crypts that extend into the muscualris mucosae

Question 37

How is the outer longitudinal muscle layer of the large intestine arranged

Answer 37

In 3 muscular strips = teniae coli

Question 38

Appendix

Answer 38

- Far less abundant crypts - Circular arrangement of lymphoid tissue - Lymphoid tissue tends to decline with age

Question 39

Rectoanal junction

Answer 39

Transition from the mucosa of the rectum to the non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the anal canal

Question 40

What controls gut motility

Answer 40

The enteric nervous system

Question 41

What are the plexuses of the enteric nervous system

Answer 41

Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus