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Pharmocology - step > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

strategy for DMI

A

insulin and low carb diet

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2
Q

strategy for DMII

A

lifestyle modification, oral agents, non insulin injecatblse, insulin

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3
Q

stragey for GDM

A

dietary modifications, exercise, insulin replacement

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4
Q

what are the side effects of insulin tx

A

hypoglycemia

rare hypersensitivities

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5
Q

what MOA of insulin pelase

A

binds insulin receptor (y kinase)
liver - increase glucose sotred as glycogen
muscle - increase glycogen and protein sytne and K uptake
fat - increase TAG storage

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6
Q

what are the rapid acting insulins

A

aspart
glulisine
lispro

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7
Q

what are aspart, glulisine and lispor used for

A

DMI
DMII
GDM
POST PRANDIAL GLUCOSE CONTROL

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8
Q

what are the short acting insulins

A

regular insuline

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9
Q

what is regular insulin used for

A 
DM I
DM II
GDM
DKA iv
hyperkalemia and glucose
stress hyperglycemia
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10
Q

what are the intermediate acting insulins

A

NPH

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11
Q

what is NPH used for

A

DM I
DM II
GDM

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12
Q

what are the long acting insulins

A

detemir

glargine

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13
Q

what are detemir and glargine used for

A

DM I
DM II
GDM
BASAL GLUCOSE CONTROL

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14
Q

whats a biguanide

A

metformin

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15
Q

MOA of metformin

A

unknown
decrease gluconeogenesis
icnreass glycolysis
increase peripheral glucose uptake

*increase insulin sensitivity

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16
Q

use of metformin

A

DOC at DMII

bc weight loss

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17
Q

a/se metformin

A

bad for renal failure
lactic acidosis
gi upset

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18
Q

what drug can be used when there is no residual islet cell function

A

metformin

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19
Q

what drugs cause increased release of insulin

A

the sulfonylurea: chlorpropamide, tobutamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

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20
Q

what are the first gen sulfonylureas

A

chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

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21
Q

what are the second gen sulfonylureas

A

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

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22
Q

a/se of first gen sulfonyulreas

A

disulfiarm reaction

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23
Q

a/se of secnd gen sulfonylueras

A

hypoglycemia

renal insfuff espeically

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24
Q

list the glitazones/glitter zones/thiazolidinedoines

A

pioglitazone
rosiglitazone
pio and rosi glitterzone

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25
MOA of glitazones
increased sensitivity | bind to PPAR gamma nuclear transcription regulator
26
what are two drugs famils that increase insulin sensitivity
metform | glitazones
27
what is function fo PPARY
genets activated by it regulated fatty acid sorage and glucose metabolism; activation results in increase insulin esnsitivyt and increase levels of adiponectin
28
how are glitazones used
as MONO THERAY or in combo for type Ii
29
a/se of glitazones
``` weight gain oedema hepatoxicity heart failure increased risk of fractures ```
30
what two drugs can be used as monotherapy
glitazones and alpha glucosidase inhibitors
31
what are the GLP 1 analogs
exenatide | liraglutide
32
what is the moa of GLP1 analogs
increase insulin | decrease glucagon
33
what two drug families increase insulin and decreas glucagon
GLP1 and DDP4 inhibis
34
what is cxl use fo GLP1
DMII
35
what are a/se of GLP1
nausea, vomiting | PANCREATITIS
36
list the DDP4 inhibits
linagliptin saXagliptin sitagliptin LINA-SAX'A-SITTIN
37
what is the amylin analog
pramlintide
38
what is the moa of pramlintide
amylin anaolog decreases gastric emptying decrease glucagon
39
use fo pramlintide
DMI and DMII
40
a/se of pramlintide
hypoglycemia | nausea diarrhoea
41
what are a/se of DDp4 inhibis
milkd urinary or resp infections
42
oral hypoglycemic that can be used in DM I
pramlinotide - amylin analogue
43
what are the SGLT2 inhibits
CANAgliflozin
44
function fo canagliflozin
block reabsorption of glucose in PCT
45
a/se of canagliflozin
glucosuria uti vaginal candida infection
46
use of canagliflozin
DM II
47
what are the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
acrabose miglitol
48
what is the MOA of alpha glucosidase inhibitors
inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases - delayed carbohydrate hydrolys and glucose absrotpion - decrease post praindal hyperglycemia
49
use of alpha glucosidase inhibitors
DMII mono or in combo
50
what are a/se of alpha glucosidase inhibitors
gi disturbances
51
what is the MOA of propylthiouracil
inhibits peroxidase and 5-deiodinase
52
what is the MOA fo methimazole
inhibits peroxidase
53
use of propylthiouracil
pregos | hyperthyroidisn
54
use of methimazole
not in pregos - teratogen (aplastic cutis) | hyperhytoridism
55
a/se of propylthiouracil
hepatoxic agranulocytosis aplastic anaemia skin rash
56
a/se of methimazole
agranulocytosis aplastic anaemia skin rash teratogen - aplastis cutis
57
what are levthyroxin and triiodothyronin used fro
hypothyroidis, of label weight lsoa nd myxedema
58
toxo of levothyroxine and triiodothyronin
tachycardia heat intolerance tremors arrhtymias
59
conivaptan and tolvaptan
ADN antags SAIDH bloc ADH V2 receptors
60
desmopression acetate
central DI
61
Gh
turners and GH deficiency
62
oxytocin
stimulates labour, uterine contractions milk let down controls uterine bleeding
63
octreotide
``` acromegaly carcinoid syndrome gastrinoma glucagonoma esophageal varices ```
64
used to control beleding
oxytocin - uterine hemorrhage | octreotide - esophageal varices
65
what is the MOA of demeclocycline
ADH antagonist | a tetracycline
66
what is clinical use of demeclocycline
SIADH
67
how to treat SIADH
conivaptain, tolvaptain, demeclocycline
68
what are a/se of demeclocycline
photosensitivity nephrogenic DI abnormalities of bone and teeth
69
MOA o glucocoricoids
metabolic, catabolic, anti inflamm, immunosupppresion by interaction with GRE, inhibit of PLA2, inhibit NfkB and other transcription factors
70
uses of glucocorticoids
addisons disease/adrenal insufficiency inflammation immunosuppression asthma
71
glucocorticoid with mineral and glucocorticoid actiosn pelase
fludrocortisone
72
toxo of glucocorticoids
``` cushing syndrome adrenocrotcail atrophy PUD steroid diabetes steroid psychosis ```
73
PUD steroid diabetes steroid psychosis what are the other a/se caused by deugs that do that?
cushign | adrenocortical atrophy
74
what happens when you stop taking glucocorticoids abruptly
adrenal insufficeincy
75
what is cinacalcet
sensitizses CA senscint receptors in parathyroid gland to circulating CA to decrease PTH
76
what is cinacalcet used for
hypercalcenia due to primary or secndoary hyperaprthyrodism
77
what is the toxo risk of cincalcet
hypocalcemia
78
presentation of hypocalcemia
tetany calcium deposits in basal ganglia cataracts candida infectiosn
79
calcium in basal ganglia cataracts candida infections what do you suspect
tetany and hypocalcemia
80
what is tesamonelin
GHRH antago | treat HIV associated lipodystrophy
81
what is pegvisomant
GH receptor antag for acromegayl
82
how to treat acromegaly
octreotide, pevisomant
83
how to treat HIV associated lipodystrophy
tesamonelin - GHRH analogue

Pharmocology - step (16 decks)

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