Health and Society Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the SEWB framework
a holistic concept, central to Indigenous health, encompassing physical, social, emotional
What are the SEWB domains
emotional wellbeing, cultural identity, family/kinship, connection to country
What are elements of culturally safe care
defined by provider - acknowledgment of cultural safety as the responsibility of the provider
individual awareness - self -reflection
humility and respect for indigenous culture
recognition of trauma
What’s the difference between cultural competency and cultural safety
cultural competency centres on understanding diverse patient cultures
whereas cultural safety shifts the focus towards clinician’s culture and the healthcare environment to ensure inclusivity/respect for all patients
What are some examples of indigenous health disparities compared to the general population?
indigenous australians face significant health disparities for mental health issues, resp disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, injuries and poisonings
What tiers is the australian healthcare system broken into , describe them
specialist, acute and residential care- specialised medical treatment for acute conditions provided in hospitals
primary health and community care- basic healthcare services delivered in community settings, focused on prevention early intervention & management of health issues
health promotion & disease prevention - improving public health through education, lifestyle modifications & targeting risk factors/behaviours
determinants of health & other demographics: social, economic, environmental & biological factors influencing health outcomes, including demographics like age, gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status
define public health
the efforts organised by society to protect, promote and restore the people’s health
the health of the population as a whole, as the subject of government regulation & support
The study of health involves looking at ?
infectious disease
chronic disease
risk factors
what are the 3 facets of public health
disease prevention - to reduce/eliminate the onset, causes, complications or recurrence of disease
health protection - creating/maintaining environments that promote health
health promotion - enable people to increase control over/improve their health
Describe the health impact pyramid
it is a conceptual framework that illustrates the hierarchy of interventions in public health, based on their impact on population health outcomes
What do the sections of the health impact pyramid contain
the base of the pyramid - socioeconomic factors like education & income - significant influence on health but require long-term strategies for change
- changing the context to make individual’s default decisions healthy (healthy food options, smoking bans)
-long-lasting protective interventions - immunisation, colonoscopy, smoking cessation
-clinical interventions - control of blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes
- counseling/education - health education on nutrition & physical activity
How is public health complimentary to clinical medicine?
shared goal of promoting health and preventing disease
comprehensive - address both diagnosis and treating individual patients & population-based approach
What is epidemiology
the study of the distribution & determinants of health related states/events in populations & the application of this study to control health problems
involves investigating patterns & causes of diseases, injuries to understand their frequency, distribution and risk factors
how can occurence and frequency of disease be measured
prevalence, counts, cumulative incidence & rates
define prevalence
the proportion of a population with a particular condition/characteristic in a specific point of time
define incidence
the rate of new occurences of a condition/event within a specified period
define count
total no of cases/occurences of a particular event/condition
define rate
measure of the frequency of occurrence of a particular event/condition, relative to the size of the population at risk, expressed per unit of time
What is the difference between inequalities and inequities
inequalities refer to differences/disparities that exist between individuals/groups like SES
inequities are inequalities considered unjust, unfair or avoidable, as they result from discrimination
What is the difference between determinants of health and social determinants of health
DoH- include inidividual behaviour, environment both physically and economically, & access to healthcare
SDoH- social, economic and environmental factors that shape health outcomes - like income, education, employment
What are the action areas of the ottawa charter
- strengthen community action
- develop personal skills
- create supportive environments
- reorient health services
- build healthy public policy
What are the 3 strategies of the ottawa charter
advocacy, enabling, mediation
Describe health promotion through a settings approach
it focuses on specific socially and culturally defined environments where people live, work and interact, like schools, workplaces and communities.
Describe health promotion through a systems approach
views health as influenced by interconnected factors across multiple levels, including policy, governance and economic system
- address root causes of health disparities
