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Anatomy (TOPNOTCH SUPPLEMENT) > Esophagus > Flashcards

Flashcards in Esophagus Deck (13)
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0
Q

Runs from pharynx to thorax, through superior & posterior mediastinum

Esophageal hiatus at T10

3 constrictions:

  • junction between pharynx & esophagus
  • tracheal bifurcation
  • gastroesophageal junction
A

Esophagus

1
Q

Skeletal muscle

Consists of:

  • cricopharyngeus muscle
  • inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

Relaxes during swallowing

A

Upper esophageal sphincters (UES)

2
Q

Smooth muscle

Functional sphincter

Relaxes during swallowing, prevents reflux

A

Lower esophageal sphincters (LES)

3
Q

May constrict the esophagus

A

Enlarged R atrium

4
Q

Enlarged LN –> indentation on esophagus seen on barium swallow

A

Bronchogenic CA

5
Q

MC: lower 1/3

Metastasize below the diaphragm to celiac LN

A

Malignant esophageal tumors

6
Q

May tear the posterior wall

  • Mallory-Weiss tears; mucosa & sub mucosal layers only
  • Boerhaave syndrome: all layers

Patient profile: alcoholic, bulimic, pregnant

SSX: severe retrosternal pain postvomiting & extravasated contrast media

A

Forceful vomiting

7
Q

Stomach & GE junction herniates through the diaphragm

(+)reflux

A

Sliding hiatal hernia

8
Q

Only the stomach herniates through the diaphragm

No reflux but strangulation or obstruction may occur

A

Paraesophageal hiatal hernia

9
Q

LES fails to relax during swallowing due to absence of myenteric plexus

SSX: progressive dysphagia

Barium swallow: dilated esophagus above LES, distal stenosis at LES (bird beak)

Chaga’s disease by Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Achalasia

10
Q

Hypotonic LES

Scleroderma may be a systemic cause

A

Esophageal reflux

11
Q

Replacement of stratified squamous epithelium with columnar (gastric) epithelium

Long history of reflux

May lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma

A

Barrett esophagus

12
Q

Caustic strictures (ingestion of acids, alkali)

Recurrent mucosal destruction due to gastric acid reflux

A

Esophageal strictures (narrowing)