Exam 4 NERVES pt2

Question 1

how many pairs of spinal nerves that serve defined segments of the human body.

Answer 1

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 2

8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves

Answer 2

This is possible because the first pair (C1 spinal nerves) exits the spinal column between the occipital bone and the atlas (C1). The remaining 7 pairs (C2-C8 spinal nerves) exit below each of the 7 cervical vertebrae via the intervertebral foramina. All the spinal nerves are mixed nerves.

Question 3

The spinal cord is surrounded by

Answer 3

the dura, arachnoid, and pia maters (the meninges)

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Answer 5

Question 6

is a real space filled with CSF

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

site of needle insertion for lumbar puncture

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 12

extends along the entire length of the vertebral canal and surrounds the spinal cord. It also extends along the initial portion of the radiating spinal nerves

Answer 12

dura mater

Question 14

location of white and grey matter

Answer 14

Question 19

directly adheres to the spinal cord

Answer 19

pia mater

Question 20

contains ascending and descending tracts of nerves traveling to and from the brain

Answer 20

peripheral white matter

Question 21

serves as a center for spinal reflexes.

Answer 21

central gray matter

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

conducts signals from dilating blood vessels in the palate to the brain, which interprets the pain as coming from the forehead.

Answer 24

Question 25

runs the entire length of the spinal cord, is contiguous with the brain and contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 25

The central canal

Question 26

each of which gives rise to a pair of spinal nerves that emerge from the cord through the intervertebral foramina

Answer 26

The spinal cord develops as 31 segments

Question 27

can be sensory, motor, or mixed (sensory and motor)

Answer 27

nerves

Question 28

________________carry both types of information and some axons are transmitting impulses in one direction,

while other axons are transmitting impulses in the opposite direction

Answer 28

Mixed nerves

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves.

Question 29

Most of the spinal nerves are associated with specific ____________(an area of skin innervated by all the cutaneous neurons of a certain spinal or cranial nerve).

Answer 29

dermatomes

Question 30

Dermatomes of the ______________ are seen on the face

Answer 30

trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

Question 31

is acquired by the respiratory route and causes a head-to-toe rash in children.

Answer 31

Chickenpox (varicella) virus

Question 32

Numerous cutaneous and visceral sensory neurons share the same ascending tracts.

Answer 32

Explanation of referred pain.

Question 35

is the muscle(s) served by a single nerve root (spinal nerve or cranial nerve). It is the motor equivalent of a dermatome

Answer 35

A “myotome”

Question 36

The majority of the spinal nerves combine and then split again as networks of nerves referred to as

Answer 36

plexuses The _exceptions_ are T2-T12 and S5-Co1, which do NOT form plexuses

Question 37

formed primarily by spinal nerves C1-C4 (C5 is not considered to part of this plexus, even though it contributes some axons)

Answer 37

cervical plexus

Question 38

The cervical plexus, and particularly spinal nerves C3, C4, and part of C5, give rise to the

Answer 38

phrenic nerve which _innervates the diaphragm_. Injury above C3 would lead to death by suffocation.

Question 39

is formed primarily by spinal nerves C5-C8, and T1. This plexus gives rise to five nerves that serve the arm or hand.

Answer 39

The brachial plexus

Question 40

innervates the teres minor muscle and the deltoid muscle

Answer 40

The axillary nerve

Question 41

innervates muscles in the antebrachium and manus.

Answer 41

The median nerve It receives sensory information from the palmar side of fingers #1, #2, #3, and the lateral one-half of finger #4 and from the dorsal tips of these same fingers.

Question 42

innervates the biceps brachii muscle and several other muscles.

Answer 42

The musculocutaneous nerve It receives sensory input from the lateral surface of the forearm

Question 43

innervates the triceps brachii and numerous muscles of the antebrachium

Answer 43

The radial nerve It receives sensory input from the posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand.

Question 44

passes near the medial epicondyle of the humerus, is the _“funny bone”._ It innervates muscles in the antebrachium and manus.

Answer 44

the ulnar nerve It receives sensory input from the skin of the dorsal and palmar aspects of fingers #5, and the medial half of finger #4.

Question 45

formed by spinal nerves L1-L4. It gives rise to two major nerves: the femoral nerve and the obturator nerve

Answer 45

The lumbar plexus

Question 46

area affected if quadriplegic

Answer 46

Question 47

innervates the _quadriceps_ _femoris_ _muscles_ on the anterior of the thigh to help extend the knee. It also innervates the _sartorius_ muscle and the _Iliopsoas_ muscle.

Answer 47

The femoral nerve It receives sensory input from the anterior and inferomedial thigh as well as the medial aspect of the leg.

Question 48

paraplegia

Answer 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve by clothing, belts, long periods of standing, and by prolonged marching or hiking leads to

Answer 50

meralgia paresthetica | (“tingling thigh syndrome”)

Question 51

innervates the gracilis and several other muscles.

Answer 51

The obturator nerve It receives sensory information from the superomedial skin of the thigh

Question 52

is formed by spinal nerves from L4, L5, and S1-S4. It gives rise to the _sciatic nerve_, which is actually composed of two nerves: the _tibial_ _nerve_ and the _common fibular_ (common peroneal) _nerve._

Answer 52

The sacral plexus

Question 53

is composed of these two nerves wrapped in a common connective sheath. These two nerves separate just above the popliteal fossa.

Answer 53

The sciatic nerve

Question 54

A tight \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_can compress the sciatic nerve

Answer 54

piriformis muscle

Question 55

innervates _the hamstrings, the gastrocnemius, the soleus,_ and several other muscles.

Answer 55

The tibial nerve It receives sensory input from the skin on the plantar surface of the foot.

Question 56

innervates the peroneus (fibularis) longus, the tibialis anterior, and several other muscles of the leg and foot. This is the branch of the sciatic nerve that caused me problems!

Answer 56

The common fibular nerve (common peroneal nerve) It receives sensory input from the anterolateral part of the leg, the toes, and dorsum of the foot.

Question 57

is a serious neurologic condition in which damage to the cauda equina causes loss of function of the lumbar plexus, (nerve roots) of the spinal canal below the termination (conus medullaris) of the spinal cord. CES is a lower motor neuron lesion.

Answer 57

Cauda equina syndrome (CES)

Question 58

typically leads to death by asphyxiation because the victim cannot use the spinal nerves to contract the intercostal muscles and cannot utilize the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.

Answer 58

Severing the spinal cord above C3

Question 60

Damage below C3 also results in

Answer 60

quadriplegia, but the person can still utilize their diaphragm for breathing via their intact phrenic nerves.

Question 63

Transtentorial Brain Herniation is one step in what process?

Answer 63

Rotrocausdal Brain Deterioration

Question 64

What is the last reversible stage of rostrocausdal brain deterioration?

Answer 64

decerebrate posturing, which occurs when the cerebrum and midbrain push down on the upper pons.

Question 65

The brain has two important functional systems, which work together for a common function, even though their components may be scattered throughout the brain. What are they?

Answer 65

Reticular Formation & Limbic System

Question 66

Why does odor have such a strong effect on memory recall?

Answer 66

because olfaction is not processed or filtered out by the thalamus

Question 67

What is the most common serious disease of the CNS?

Answer 67

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), or strokes

Question 68

thrombus

Answer 68

clot

Question 69

infarct

Answer 69

local area of dying or dead tissue

Question 70

decerebrate posturing looks like?

Answer 70

waiter reaching for check behing him

Question 71

decordicate posturing looks like?

Answer 71

holding a cord of wood

Question 72

aneurysm

Answer 72

bulge in the wall

Question 73

build-up of fatty plaques in vessel wall

Answer 73

atherosclerosis

Question 74

contralateral paralysis of the body

Answer 74

hemiplegia

Question 75

brief episodes of lost sensation or motor ability or "tingling" in the limbs, resulting from a temporary plug in a blood vessel that dissolves in a matter of minutes

Answer 75

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 76

CN 0

Answer 76

nervus terminalis

Question 77

CN 1

Answer 77

Olfactory Nerve

Question 78

CN II

Answer 78

Optic Nerve

Question 79

CN III

Answer 79

Oculomotor Nerve

Question 80

CN IV

Answer 80

Trochlear Nerve

Question 81

CN V

Answer 81

Trigeminal Nerve

Question 82

CN VI

Answer 82

Abducens Nerve

Question 83

CN VII

Answer 83

Facial Nerve

Question 84

CN VIII

Answer 84

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Question 85

CN IX

Answer 85

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 86

CN X

Answer 86

Vagus Nerve

Question 87

CN XI

Answer 87

Accessory Nerve

Question 88

CN XII

Answer 88

Hypoglossal Nerve

Question 89

hiccups

Answer 89

singultus. irritation to phrenic nerve causes spasmodic contractions of diaphragm which causes epiglottis to close suddenly

Question 90

strabismus

Answer 90

crossed eyes

Question 91

in trigeminal neuralgia, what vessel is causing the putting pressure on the nerve?

Answer 91

the superior cerebellar artery

Question 92

"suicide disease", "painful tic", and "tic douloureux" are all names for what disorder?

Answer 92

trigeminal neuralgia