exam four (clinical microbiology)

Question 1

isolate and identify pathogenic microorganisms from specimens

Answer 1

clinical microbiologist

Question 2

a ____ sample looks for antibodies ot antigens using agglutination (immunological assay)

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

molecular assays can be divided into

Answer 3

antigen assays and molecular assays

Question 4

non-pathogens; general safety standards (PPE as needed); a door and a sink level

Answer 4

BSL-1

Question 5

human disease, moderate hazard “indigenous”; restricted access; autoclave for waste

Answer 5

BSL-2

Question 6

idigenous or exotic; serious or lethal disease by respiratory transmission; medical surveillance, controlled access

Answer 6

BSL-3

Question 7

dangerous and exotic; high risk of aerosol transmission

Answer 7

BSL-4

Question 8

what samples can come from needle aspiration

Answer 8

blood, CSF, urine

Question 9

potentially infected human material collected for testing

Answer 9

clinical sample

Question 10

there can be an issue with urine collection if there is not a __ ____ midstream (because of normal flora)

Answer 10

clean catch

Question 11

the ____ being clean and inserted correctly can be accurate

Answer 11

catheter

Question 12

the ____ sample for things like pneumonia need to come from deep in the lungs which will show long columnar epithelial cells

Answer 12

sputum

Question 13

three collections from wounds or abcesses

Answer 13

swab, needle aspiration, biopsy/surgical removal

Question 14

for ____ the transport vile needs to be sealed and specific to the microbe

Answer 14

anaerobes

Question 15

bacteria grow quickly so transportation needs to be quick and should be ____ to stop growth

Answer 15

refrigerated

Question 16

direct examination; staining

Answer 16

microscopy

Question 17

detect presence of pathogen using immunofluorescence is _____

Answer 17

direct (looks for pathogen)

Question 18

detecting the presence of antibodies to pathogen with immunofluorescence

Answer 18

indirect

Question 19

the lab will add an ___ to a slide which will show up fluorescent and attach to the _____ (this allows us to identify the specific microbe); direct

Answer 19

antibody; antigen (shows pathogen is there and causing harm)

Question 20

The antibody in _____ is maybe coming from patient and then it will be added to bacteria on plate; a secondary antibody will be bought to attach to the patients antibody (if patients antibody attached to bacterium then the secondary antibody will attach to the patient antibody)

Answer 20

indirect (says antibodies are there meaning pathogen could be there or has been there)

Question 21

you can grow viruses in culture but it takes awhile and youre looking for _____ effects (changes in the cell that show virus is present)

Answer 21

cytopathic

Question 22

fungal media will have colony morphology that look _____

Answer 22

fuzzy

Question 23

most ____ are intracellular parasites and very difficult to grow; usually identify by microscopy not growth

Answer 23

protozoans

Question 24

gas production is an indicator of ____ change (visible changes based off biochem.)

Answer 24

metabolic

Question 25

important for figuring out what antimicrobial to prescribe

Answer 25

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

Question 26

phages specific for specific species of bacteria ; test range of of phages on a lawn of unknown bacteria (plaques will form is susceptible; show where phages destroy bacterium)

Answer 26

bacteriophage typing

Question 27

skin tests that check for antibodies to pathogen or antigens of pathogen (TB)

Answer 27

serology

Question 28

____ are highly specific (used to defend you) they are lock and key fits to antigens ; each strain of microorganism is specific

Answer 28

antibodies

Question 29

_____ can show antibodies that are in the blood by clumping with the antigen

Answer 29

agglutination

Question 30

the western blot separates protein based on size and then antibody is added into the membrane; what will the antibody do

Answer 30

the antibody will lock and key fit to the protein we're looking for

Question 31

if the antibody stuck to the protein a 2° antibody will stick to the original antibody; the enzyme attached to the 2° will form an _____ product; which then sticks to the membrane (western blot); when the western blot is washed the antibodies and protein will stick

Answer 31

insoluble

Question 32

HIV proteins on a western blot would be

Answer 32

gp41 and p24

Question 33

the ___ EIA looks for the presence of antigen in patient sample

Answer 33

direct

Question 34

the _____ EIA looks for antibody from patient sample

Answer 34

indirect

Question 35

The antibody in EIA is attached to solid-phase support surface and then the patient sample is added; the antigen will attach if present and the 2° antibody will attach to the antigen from the patient; secondary has enzyme which makes ____ if the antigen is present in patient

Answer 35

a soluble color changed product

Question 36

the indirect EIA surface is coated with antigen; the patient sample may have ____ which attach to the antigen; secondary antibody will attach to patient antibody and creates soluble color change (the more antibody the darker the color change)

Answer 36

antibodies

Question 37

on the test line there is a ____ antibody; but the tagged antibody is ____

Answer 37

fixed; mobile

Question 38

(rapid test_ the fixed antibody will attach to the the mobile antibody/ antigen complex; then the control line says

Answer 38

the assay worked (the test line shows presence of antigen)

Question 39

the probe in nucleic acid test will only attach to ss ___ or ____ from microbe (may not be active infection; microbe could be dead and release DNA)

Answer 39

DNA or RNA

Question 40

the nucleic acid test can be detected by what three pathways

Answer 40

color change, fluorescence, radioactivity

Question 41

measure levels of specific DNA fragments or RNA; measure intensity (how much DNA is present )

Answer 41

quantitative PCR

Question 42

tests for metabolites and lipids

Answer 42

gas-liquid chromatography

Question 42

superseding phenotypic tests; identify metabolites and proteins

Answer 42

mass spectroscopy

Question 43

_____ take a sample that is introduced to bioreceptors which interact with interface and create a electric current

Answer 43

biosensors