exam two (microbial eukaryotes)

Question 1

5 supergroups of eukarya

Answer 1

archaeaplastida, SAR clade, excavata, amoeboza, opisthokonta

Question 2

opisthokonta are ____ and ____

Answer 2

fungi and animals

Question 3

fungi cell wall is ____

Answer 3

chitin

Question 4

fungi are eukaryotic with membrane bound ___ and ___

Answer 4

nucleus and organelles

Question 5

fungi are _____ and _____ to living organisms; they do not do photosynthesis

Answer 5

decomposers and pathogenic

Question 6

two categories of fungi

Answer 6

yeast and mold

Question 7

____ is unicellular (fungi)

Answer 7

yeast

Question 8

____ consists of long filaments (Cells) called hyphae

Answer 8

mold

Question 9

hyphae can be aerial instead of going deep and attaching, what is the aerial hyphae called

Answer 9

mycelium

Question 10

at the tip of aerial hyphae there are ___

Answer 10

spores

Question 11

there is a ___ ___ on mold (mushrooms), there are spores on these fruiting bodies

Answer 11

fruiting body

Question 12

____ are obligate intracellular parasite which lack mitochondria and other organelles; as well as some metabolic genes (fungi)

Answer 12

microsporidia

Question 13

the microsporidia punches through the host membrane with a ___ ___

Answer 13

polar tube

Question 14

once the polar tube has been injected _____ (seeds) grow and divide inside the host cell; they grow and become microsporidia

Answer 14

sporoplasms

Question 15

_____ is the earliest diverging fungal lineage

Answer 15

chytridiomycota

Question 16

zoospores are a motile, single flagellum which allow what fungi to move (degrade organic matter)

Answer 16

chytridiomycota

Question 17

bread mold (black) is what fungi

Answer 17

mucoromycota

Question 18

largest fungal group; contains many fungal pathogens and sacrophytes

Answer 18

ascomycota

Question 19

grows on dead organic matte

Answer 19

sacrophytes

Question 20

what is ascomycota defining feature

Answer 20

ascus (sac that holds reproductive spores)

Question 21

mushrooms; cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 21

basidiomycota

Question 22

pedestal structure at the end of hyphae

Answer 22

basidium (has spores on top)

Question 23

fungi

symbiots of 80% of plants; important component of mycorrhizae

Answer 23

glomeromycota

Question 24

fungus provides nutrients and resides on plant root, plant provides carbohydrates (symbiosis)

Answer 24

glomeromycota

Question 25

ectomycorrhiza grow on ____ of root between plant cells

Answer 25

outside

Question 26

endomycorrhizae penetrate cell walls and grow on ____

Answer 26

inside

Question 27

what is the wood wide web

Answer 27

interconnecting filaments around roots; network of mycelia that connect plants with each other

Question 28

enhance growth, increase water/ nutrient uptake, support plant diversity and disease resistance, these are all ebenfits of?

Answer 28

mycorrhizae web

Question 29

can live in water or land; have symbiotic and parasitic interactions; have unique motility behaviors

Answer 29

protists

Question 30

true parasites are ___

Answer 30

protists

Question 31

a diverse protist; ex. is giardia whicg causes intestinal distress

Answer 31

excavata

Question 32

a type of excavata which is motile by flagellum in membrane flap

Answer 32

trypanosoma

Question 33

trypanosoma are involved in whcih diseases (excavata)

Answer 33

tsetse fly (sleeping sickness'); kissing bug (chagas disease)

Question 34

an aquatic motile, photosynthetic excavata

Answer 34

euglenids

Question 35

photosynthetic protist; not parasitic to humans

Answer 35

euglena

Question 36

in SAR clade: diatoms that are single cell algae; photosynthetic and have a cell wall of silica (protists)

Answer 36

stramenophiles

Question 37

the cell wall of stramenophiles is unique why

Answer 37

it survives after death

Question 38

# protist have little air sacs under membrane called alveoli (SAR clade)

Answer 38

alveolata

Question 39

paramecium motile by cilia; eat bacteria through oral groove

Answer 39

ciliates (alveolata)

Question 40

aqautic alveolata that have bioluminescense and do photosyntheiss

Answer 40

dinoflagellates

Question 41

the dinoflagellates are the cause of

Answer 41

red tide

Question 42

when you see red tide the dinoflagellates are releasing a toxin which builds up where

Answer 42

in shellfish, then humans eat it and get sick

Question 43

are alveolata that are obligate parasites

Answer 43

apicomplexans

Question 44

the apicomplexans have apical complex of organelles that aid in ___ ____; they are toxoplasmic (gets in cat litter because of mice) and have plasmodium

Answer 44

tissue invasion

Question 45

member of SAR clade that is single celled and has threadlike pseudopodia (with calcium carbonate); help with motility and feeding

Answer 45

rhizaria

Question 45

famous plasmodium causes ____ and invades red blood cells

Answer 45

malaria

Question 46

Foraminifera Radiolaria are?

Answer 46

rhizaria

Question 47

parasitic amoebozoa that is obtained from amebic dysentary: fecal contamination of water and food; grows on __ ___

Answer 47

entamoeba histolytica; intestinal mucosa

Question 48

unicellular slime mold, which understarvation makes a multicellular slug; eventually creates a fruiting body to be unicellular again (amoebozoa)

Answer 48

dictyostelium

Question 49

red and green algae; phycoerytherin comes from red algae. they are?

Answer 49

arachaeplastida

Question 50

chlorphylls a and b; has volvox or chlamydomonas; endolithic algae

Answer 50

green algae

Question 51

endolithic algae grows where

Answer 51

in rocks

Question 52

colonial; and colony swims in coordinated fashion

Answer 52

volvox

Question 53

4 type of important SAR clade (protists)

Answer 53

rhizaria, stramenophiles, alveolata, apicomplexans