exam two (archaea)

Question 1

archaea are found in _____ environments and humans

Answer 1

extreme

Question 2

archaea are _____ but not bacteria (no membrane bound nucleus)

Answer 2

prokaryotic

Question 3

no archaea to date are ____ forming; they are difficult to grow and characterize

Answer 3

spore

Question 4

the archaea have what kind of chromosomes and some _____

Answer 4

circle; plasmids

Question 5

archaea have NAG or NAM?

Answer 5

NAG

Question 6

instead of peptidoglycan archaea have

Answer 6

psuedomurein

Question 7

The peptides of archaea cell wall come off of

Answer 7

fake NAM

Question 8

archaea have L,D or both amino acids in cell wall

Answer 8

L only

Question 9

proteins and glycoproteins attached to cell wall in archaea is called

Answer 9

s layer

Question 10

archaea typically have only one ___ __

Answer 10

cell membrane

Question 11

archaea have ___ _____ similar to bacteria

Answer 11

gene organization

Question 12

plasmids of archaea are _____ like bacteria

Answer 12

supplemental

Question 13

replicating DNA of archaea is similar to ___ (circular)

Answer 13

bacteria

Question 14

the proteins of replication in archaea are similar to ______ (RNA polymerase and initiation proteins)

Answer 14

eukaryotes

Question 15

gene promoter sequences of archaea are similar to ____

Answer 15

eukaryotes

Question 16

gene regulation and organization of archaea are similar to

Answer 16

bacteria

Question 17

the archaea are ____ ribosomes

Answer 17

70S

Question 18

archaea have a ____ response to drugs

Answer 18

eukaryotic

Question 19

archaea have no ___ ____ organelles like bacteria

Answer 19

membrane bound

Question 20

the replication, translation and transcription of archaea are a mix with proteins like _____ but processes like _____

Answer 20

bacteria; eukaryotes

Question 21

crenarchaeota are _____ philes and survive past ____

Answer 21

thermo; 100°C

Question 22

most of the crenarchaeota are dependent upon and metabolize _____

Answer 22

sulfur

Question 23

what archeae phyla could be found in volcanoes and hot aquatic habits

Answer 23

crenarchaeota

Question 24

thermophile; aerobic and irregularly lobed (pleomorphic); can grow up to 90°C and pH 1-5

Answer 24

sulfolobus

Question 25

how do sulfolobus matabolize sulfur compounds

Answer 25

attach to sulfur crystals

Question 26

thermophile; growth optimum at 90°C, with no S-layer but has an outer cell membrane and inner membrane

Answer 26

ignocccus

Question 27

between inner and outer membrane of ignococcus there are

Answer 27

membrane bound vessicles and a periplasm like substance

Question 28

____ archaea can be known as halophiles

Answer 28

euryarchaeota

Question 29

most diverse group; contain methanogens and thermoplasms (like acids) with no cell wall and hyperthermophiles

Answer 29

euryarchaeota

Question 30

require salt conc. between 9-32% (thrive between 12-23)

Answer 30

halophile

Question 31

euryarchaeota; halophile containing archaerhodopsin associated with retinal

Answer 31

halobacterium salinarum

Question 32

the ____ in halobacterium changes configuration and allows archaea to pump out H+ from cell and allows the cell to make energy (using single photon of light)

Answer 32

retinal

Question 33

euryarchaeota; ____ have a range of habitats and produce methane (can be found in animal intestines)

Answer 33

methanogens

Question 34

producing methane is an exclusive activity of

Answer 34

archaea

Question 35

what is the model methanogen

Answer 35

methanocaldococcus jannaschii

Question 36

methanocaldococcus jannaschii has metabolism and cell division genes like ____

Answer 36

bacteria

Question 37

methanocaldococcus jannaschii has transcription and translation genes like ______

Answer 37

eukaryotes

Question 38

methanopyrus are found in hydrothermal vents and can grow at _____; to withstand this temp. it has unique membrane ____

Answer 38

122°C; lipids

Question 39

what is the unique membrane of methanopyrus

Answer 39

unsaturated double bonds

Question 40

euryachaeotes; grow in high acid, have no cell wall and have LPS-like lipoglycan membrane

Answer 40

thermoplasms

Question 41

ferroplasma has no ___ ____ and is a thermoplasm

Answer 41

cell wall

Question 42

picrophilus are the most extreme and has a cell wall but can withstand pH below

Answer 42

0

Question 43

euryarchaeotes; a hyperthermophile that is in hydrothermal vents and contains some methanogenisis genes but lost most

Answer 43

archaeoglobus

Question 44

used to be part of chrenarc. but they are not thermphilic; they can grow in low nutrients and metabolize ammonia

Answer 44

thaumarchaeota

Question 45

thaumarchaeota has ______ a very specific lipid that contains ring structures for stability

Answer 45

crenarchaeol

Question 46

has one species identified: nanoarchaeum equitans

Answer 46

nanoarchaeota

Question 47

the nanoarchaeum equitans are symbiotic with ____ ; needs it to survive

Answer 47

ignicoccus hospitalis

Question 48

are found in geothermal habitats, only one characterized species

Answer 48

korarchaeota

Question 49

lokiarchaeota, aigarchaeota, and bathyarchaeota are identified but not characterized, why?

Answer 49

cannot be grown and replicated because of difficult environments

Question 50

the upper limit of life at high temperatre us 150°C why?

Answer 50

thats when ATP hydrolyzes

Question 51

archaea are able to survive what two molecules

Answer 51

ATP, NADH

Question 52

the archaea have ____ cores (less likely to fold), alpha helices, chaperones (heat shock proteins); what do these help them stabilize?

Answer 52

hydrophobic; proteins

Question 53

halophiles requires ___ to stabilize proteins

Answer 53

K+

Question 54

archaea stabilize lipids how

Answer 54

tetraethers and unsaturated phytanals (double bond)

Question 55

how do archaea stabilze rRNA

Answer 55

higher GC count

Question 56

how do archeae stabilize DNA

Answer 56

reverse, DNA gyrase, addition of solutes, and DNA binding proteins (histone like)

Question 57

positive supercoils in hyperthermophiles are called

Answer 57

reverse DNA gyrase