exam two (growth and death)

Question 1

red and green algae are not ____

Answer 1

protists

Question 2

intermittent heating, boil 30 min. , incubate 24 hours, boil 30 min. , incubate 24 hours, boil 30 min. This destroys spores. What is this process?

Answer 2

tyndallization

Question 3

____ gets rid of problem causing microbes but not spores

Answer 3

pasteurization

Question 4

louis pasteur found that microbes which ferment ____ acid and ____ acid cause spoilage

Answer 4

acetic and lactic

Question 5

low temperatures ____ growth but does not kill microbes

Answer 5

slows

Question 6

energy is ____ ____ to wavelength

Answer 6

inversely proportional

Question 7

ionizing radiation (gamma rays) is used to _____ plastic (non autoclavable supplies) and food

Answer 7

sterilize

Question 8

remove microorganisms without killing them; using small membrane pores in a _____

Answer 8

filter

Question 9

____ filters remove 99.7% of 0.3 micrometers bacteria

Answer 9

HEPA

Question 10

overuse of ____ can lead to microbe resistance

Answer 10

chemicals

Question 11

___ ____ is resistant to triclosan

Answer 11

psuedomonas aerogenosis

Question 12

used phenol during surgery to sterilize instruments

Answer 12

joseph lister

Question 13

____ denatures proteins and disrupts membrane

Answer 13

phenol & alcohols

Question 14

______ oxidize cell components

Answer 14

halogens (chlorine; iodine)

Question 15

chlorine kills everything but ____

Answer 15

spores (bleach can kill some)

Question 16

iodine is used to clean ____ ____

Answer 16

pre surgery

Question 17

heavy metals are highly toxic to microbes and humans; they are _____(relationship with bacteria)

Answer 17

bacteriostatic (does not kill; just stops growth)

Question 18

heavy metals work by inactivating microbial ____

Answer 18

proteins

Question 19

detergents are _____

Answer 19

amphipathic

Question 20

_____ part of detergent works on organic matter of microbe and _____ part suspends bacteria in water

Answer 20

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

Question 21

QACs (cationic detergents) disrupt _____ and are stable and non-toxic

Answer 21

membrane

Question 22

____ crosslink proteins and nucleic acids; sporicidal; toxic to humans

Answer 22

aldehydes

Question 23

a gas which penetrates packaging material to control microbial growth; good to sterilize heat-sensitive material (very toxic; microbicidal, sporicidal)

Answer 23

ethylene oxide

Question 24

anaerobes prefer environment without _____

Answer 24

oxygen

Question 25

aerobes prefer environment with ____

Answer 25

oxygen

Question 26

killing, inhibition, removal of pathogens but not spores

Answer 26

disinfection

Question 27

reducing microorganisms to safe level; focus on numbers

Answer 27

sanitization

Question 28

killing or removing all microorganisms

Answer 28

sterilization

Question 29

chemical used to kill or inhibit (allows for some growth) microorganisms (prevent infections)

Answer 29

antiseptic (prevent infection)

Question 30

using chemicals to kill organisms within living tissue

Answer 30

chemotherapy

Question 31

antimicrobial agents can be ____ (kill) or ____(prevent growth)

Answer 31

cidal; static

Question 32

bacteriostatic means bacteria cannot ___ or ____

Answer 32

grow; replicate

Question 33

factors which influence killing microbes

Answer 33

pop. size, duration of exposure, composition (some microbes are naturally more resistant) , conc. of killing agent (ex. dosage w/ antibiotic) , local environment

Question 34

physical control of microbes

Answer 34

temperature (heat or low temp)

Question 35

what machine does steam sterilization from 121°C for 15 min.

Answer 35

autoclave

Question 35

boiling kills microbes but _____ just stops growth (except hyperthermophiles)

Answer 35

boiling (100°C)

Question 36

if you heat fermenters to 55-60°C briefly; worked for _____ (could have spores)

Answer 36

alcohol