exam three (lysogeny transduction and lambda phage)

Question 1

____ are a vector for moving DNA by transduction

Answer 1

phages

Question 2

in ______ transduction the host DNA is degraded

Answer 2

generalized

Question 3

phages can get ____ DNA into its capsid which will carry that DNA into target cell and is transducing

Answer 3

HOST/ bacterial

Question 4

a phage that has bacterial DNA will no longer be able to continue after transduction because it has no ____ DNA to infect

Answer 4

virus

Question 5

phages have _____; a very specific target

Answer 5

tropism

Question 6

The DNA of the host will do ___ ____ in target cell (tranduced)

Answer 6

homologous recombination

Question 7

____ transduction is moving piece of DNA of specific sequence in a specific genome

Answer 7

specialized

Question 8

lytic phages are responsible for ___

Answer 8

transduction

Question 9

a lytic phage causes _____

Answer 9

lysis

Question 10

a temperate phage can induce lysis or

Answer 10

lysogeny

Question 11

instead of infection cycle where host DNA is chewed up, the lysogenic phage can make the bacterial genome take up ____ DNA

Answer 11

phage

Question 12

phage DNA in host cell is called; cannot induce lysis

Answer 12

prophage

Question 13

the prophage is then transcribed and translated in ____ cell

Answer 13

host

Question 14

process of phage integrated DNA into bacterial chromosome

Answer 14

lysogeny

Question 15

bacterium that contains prophage DNA in genome

Answer 15

lysogen

Question 16

refers to phage DNA in bacterial chromsoome

Answer 16

prophage

Question 17

induction causes phage to no longer be prophage but emerge and do lysis; what two facts can cause induction

Answer 17

UV light, chemical mutagens

Question 18

____ are resistant to superinfection; cannot get re-infected with the same phage (one phage per bacteria)

Answer 18

lysogens (bacterial cell going through lysogeny)

Question 19

phage induces a change in phenotype of its host

Answer 19

lysogenic conversion

Question 20

a bacterial cell can be infected with _____ different types of phages

Answer 20

multiple

Question 21

the bacteria V. cholera has what bacteriophage

Answer 21

CTX

Question 22

the bacteria V. cholera + toxin has what bacteriophage

Answer 22

VPI

Question 23

V. cholera bacteria without ____ phage cannot cause the disease cholera

Answer 23

CTX

Question 24

The CTX phage as a prophage and V. cholera as a lysogen infects it and codes for the ____ which causes disease

Answer 24

toxin

Question 25

_____ is the first phage that ineracts with V. cholera and puts its DNA inside of it, the VPI encodes a pillus and a receptor for CTX

Answer 25

VPI phage

Question 26

The VPI once transcribed and translated on the bacterium has two proteins that code for what

Answer 26

Pillus and recteptor (pillus needed for toxin to be released; the receptor is the tropism for CTX)

Question 27

CTX binds to receptor that ___ put on the surface, CTX induces lysogeny and makes toxin out of VPI pillus

Answer 27

VPI

Question 28

sometimes in specialized transd. the _____ DNA is excised with phage genome

Answer 28

host

Question 29

Once the phage with host DNA in it, will replicate its DNA ( and now host) will be picked back up by ____ ___ in the target cell

Answer 29

all phages

Question 30

lambda phage has a tropism for

Answer 30

E. coli

Question 31

lambda phage brings ___ ,____ ___ DNA

Answer 31

linear double stranded

Question 32

the lambda phage DNA does what in cytoplasm of host cell

Answer 32

circularizes because of cohesive ends (cos)

Question 33

left of regulators on lambda genome is

Answer 33

lysogeny

Question 34

right of regulators on lambda genome is

Answer 34

lysis

Question 35

c1 is a lambda repressor which induces

Answer 35

lysogeny

Question 36

Cro will turn on the genes that lead to the event of

Answer 36

lysis

Question 37

promotor right and left have ___ and ____ binding sites

Answer 37

-10 and -35

Question 38

during infection initially promotor right and left are active making ___ and ___ protein

Answer 38

Cro and N

Question 39

N protein is called

Answer 39

antiterminator

Question 40

lysogenic enzymes being made are

Answer 40

N C3, Xis, Int

Question 41

N makes sure both ____ are being made

Answer 41

transcripts

Question 42

in a lysis scenario (right) the __ protein turns on every promotor that deals with lysis

Answer 42

Q

Question 43

when phage goes lytic pathway a lot of ____ will be produced initially

Answer 43

Cro

Question 44

Cro binds to what promoters when lytic pathway is selected

Answer 44

both

Question 45

when Cro binds to left it ____ it; no more transcription

Answer 45

inhibits

Question 46

lysis enzymes being made are

Answer 46

Q,O,P,C2,Cro

Question 47

in lysogenic route, the C2 and C3 levels will matter, they will form a

Answer 47

heterodimer

Question 48

the heterodimer of C2 and C3 bind to promotor for ____

Answer 48

integrase

Question 49

this enzyme _____ will take the prophage DNA into host DNA (lysogeny)

Answer 49

integrase

Question 50

the heterodimer of C2 and C3 bind to ____ promotor; which turns off cro production (estbalishing repression of lysis)

Answer 50

repression

Question 51

the heterodimer of C2 and C3 bind to ____ promotor; to create antisense rna sequence block Q production

Answer 51

Q

Question 52

C2 and C3 repress normal ____ phage process

Answer 52

lambda

Question 53

when you have the promotor which established repression it makes ____

Answer 53

C1

Question 54

C1 binds to promotor ___ and ____ to turn them off; keeps repression promotor going

Answer 54

right and left

Question 55

C1 activates ____; produces more C1 (makes sure phage stays lysogenic)

Answer 55

PRM (promotor repressor maintenance);

Question 56

initially there is a lot more ____ made than C1, because left and right will both be turned on

Answer 56

Cro

Question 57

c1 binds more tightly than ____; only need a small amount to maintain repressionn

Answer 57

cro

Question 58

if lots of C2 around then it will ensure enough ___ to compete with Cro

Answer 58

C1

Question 59

C2 is susceptible to ___ ___ (chew up C2) ; less competition for Cro and pushes for lysis

Answer 59

host proteases

Question 60

host proteases are present in ____ ____ environments

Answer 60

nutrient rich

Question 61

in nutrient poor environments

Answer 61

fewer proteases; more C2 and C1; favor lysogeny (wait for environment to get better for phage to infect as many as possible)

Question 62

the phage only lysis and kills the host when it is ______

Answer 62

advantageous (high nutrients)

Question 63

when bacterial cell is damaged ____ can be started (no longer healthy host)

Answer 63

induction

Question 64

SOS response excises DNA using

Answer 64

RecA

Question 65

C1 self cleaves and removes itself from promotors; what happens next

Answer 65

lysis

Question 66

excision, ____ and lysis

Answer 66

replication

Question 67

after C1 self cleaves, ____ and excisionase are produced

Answer 67

Cro

Question 68

C1 is expressed only during lysogeny and so C1 maintains repression, shuts down promotor right and left; if another lambda phage infected they would have to turn on promotor right and left, this is not possible because C1 is already there. This prevents _____

Answer 68

superinfection