FA Basic Bacteriology

Question 1

what do you call the group of bugs that use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP.

Answer 1

Obligate aerobes

Question 2

What are the four obligate aerobes?

Hint: Nagging Pests Must Breathe

Answer 2

Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Bacillus

Question 3

What is an aerobe that is seen in burn wounds, complications of diabetes, nosocomial pneumonia, and pneumonias in CF patients?

Answer 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 4

What things might reactivate TB?

Answer 4

Immune compromise or TNF-alpha inhibitor use

Question 5

Reactivation fo M tuberculosis has a predilection for WHAT?

Answer 5

the apices of the lung, which have the highest PO2.

Question 6

What are the three obligate anaerobes?

Hint: anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air

Answer 6

Clostridium,
Bacteroides,
Actinomyces

Question 7

Name two things that obligate anaerobes may lack that makes them susceptible to oxidative damage.

Answer 7

Catalase and/or Superoxide dismutase.

Question 8

Name three characteristics of obligate anaerobes

Answer 8

1. foul smelling (short chain fatty acids)
2. difficult to culture
3. produce gas in tissue (CO2, H2)

Question 9

Why are obligate anaerobes foul smelling?

Answer 9

Short-chain fatty acids

Question 10

Why type of gases do obligate anaerobes produce in culture?

Answer 10

CO2 and H2

Question 11

Anaerobes are normal where and pathogenic where?

Answer 11

Normal in GI tract, pathologic everywhere else.

Question 12

Why are aminoglycosides ineffective against anaerobes?

Answer 12

these antibiotics require O2 to enter into bacterial cell.

Question 13

What type of antibiotic is not effective against anaerobes because it requires O2 to get into the bacterial cell?

Answer 13

Aminoglycosides

Question 14

Name three bugs against which aminoglycosides are ineffective

Answer 14

Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces.

Question 15

What are the two obligate intracellular bugs?

Answer 15

Rickettsia, Chlamydia (can't make own ATP)
Stay inside (cells) when it's Really Cold.

Question 16

What are the facultative intracellular bugs?

Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultiveLY

Answer 16

Salmonella,
Neisseria,
Brucella,
Mycobacterium,
Listeria,
Francisella,
Legionella,
Yersinia Pestis

Question 17

What bugs have a positive quelling reaction?

Answer 17

Encapsulated bacteria

Question 18

What is a positive quelling reaction.

Answer 18

capsule swells when specific anticapsular antisera are added.

Question 19

What are the seven encapsulated bacteria.

SHiNE SKiS

Answer 19

1. Strep pneumo
2. H flu type B
3. Neisseria meningitidis
4. E coli
5. Salmonella
6. Klebsiella
7. Group B strep

Question 20

How are encapsulated bacteria cleared from the body?

Answer 20

Opsonized and then cleared by spleen.

Question 21

Why are asplenics at increased risk for serious infections from encapsulated organisms?

Answer 21

Decreased opsonizing ability

Question 22

What vaccines should you give your asplenic patients?

Answer 22

S pneumo, H flu, N meningitis

Question 23

The capsules of encapsulated bacteria serve as what?

Answer 23

an antiphagocytic virulence factor.

Question 24

Capsule + what serve as an antigen in vaccines?

Answer 24

Protein conjugate

Question 25

What are the catalase positive organisms?

PLACESS for your cat

Answer 25

Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E coli
Staph aureus
Serratia

Question 26

Catalase degrades H2O2 before it can be converted to microbicidal products by what enzyme?

Answer 26

Myeloperoxidase

Question 27

People with what disease have increased susceptibility to catalase positive organisms?

Answer 27

Chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH oxidase deficiency)

Question 28

Why do people with CGD have increased susceptibility to catalase positive organism infection?

Answer 28

Because the bacteria degrade the limited H2O2.