FA Bacterial Structures

Question 1

gives rigid support to both gram + and - bacteria and protects against osmotic pressure

Answer 1

Peptidoglycan

Question 2

Peptidoglycan is chemically composed of a sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by what?

Answer 2

Transpeptidase

Question 3

What is the function of the cell wall/cell membrane in gram positives?

Answer 3

Major surface antigen

Question 4

What is the cell wall/membrane of gram positives made out of?

Answer 4

Peptidoglycan for support and lipoteichoic acid

Question 5

What immunological response does lipoteichoic acid induce in humans?

Answer 5

TNF and IL-1

Question 6

What is the site of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), major surface antigen?

Answer 6

Outer membrane in gram negatives

Question 7

What is the outer membrane of gram negatives made of?

Answer 7

Lipid A and O polysaccharide antigen

Question 8

What does immunological response does the lipid A of the outer membrane of gram negatives induce?

Answer 8

TNF and IL-1

Question 9

What is the antigen of the outer membrane of gram negatives?

Answer 9

O polysaccharide

Question 10

What is the site of oxidative and transport enzymes in bacteria?

Answer 10

Plasma membrane (lipoprotein bilayer)

Question 11

What do you call the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 11

Periplasm

Question 12

The periplasm contains many hydrolytic enzymes, including WHAT?

Answer 12

beta-lactamases

Question 13

What is the function of the ribosome?

Answer 13

Protein synthesis

Question 14

What do you call the two subunits of bacterial ribosomes?

Answer 14

50S and 30S

Question 15

What structure protects against phagocytosis?

Answer 15

Bacterial capsule (both + and -)

Question 16

What is the capsule made of?

Answer 16

polysaccharide (except Bacillus anthracis)

Question 17

Bacillus anthracis has a capsule made of something other than polysaccharide. What is it?

Answer 17

D-glutamate.

Question 18

What mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface?

Answer 18

Pilus/fimbria

Question 19

What forms attachment between two bacteria during conjugation?

Answer 19

Sex pilus

Question 20

What is the pilus/fimbria made of?

Answer 20

Glycoprotein

Question 21

What is the function and composition of the flagellum?

Answer 21

Motility and protein.

Question 22

This structure is resistant to dehydration, heat, and chemicals

Answer 22

Spore

Question 23

What are spores made of?

Answer 23

Keratin-like coat; dipicolinic acid; peptidoglycan.

Question 24

What DNA structure contains a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes, and toxins?

Answer 24

Plasmid

Question 25

What bacterial structure mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (e.g. indwelling catheters)?

Answer 25

Glycocalyx

Question 26

What is the glycocalyx made of?

Answer 26

Polysaccharide

Question 27

What things are unique to gram positives?

Answer 27

Lipoteichoic acid & cell wall

Question 28

What things are unique to gram negatives?Q

Answer 28

1. Endotoxin/LPS (outer membrane) | 2. Periplasm

Question 29

What 5 structures are common to both gram + and -?

Answer 29

1. Flagellum 2. Pilus 3. Capsule 4. Peptidoglycan 5. Cytoplasmic membrane