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Micro > FA Bacterial Structures > Flashcards

FA Bacterial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

gives rigid support to both gram + and - bacteria and protects against osmotic pressure

A

Peptidoglycan

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2
Q

Peptidoglycan is chemically composed of a sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by what?

A

Transpeptidase

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3
Q

What is the function of the cell wall/cell membrane in gram positives?

A

Major surface antigen

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4
Q

What is the cell wall/membrane of gram positives made out of?

A

Peptidoglycan for support and lipoteichoic acid

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5
Q

What immunological response does lipoteichoic acid induce in humans?

A

TNF and IL-1

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6
Q

What is the site of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), major surface antigen?

A

Outer membrane in gram negatives

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7
Q

What is the outer membrane of gram negatives made of?

A

Lipid A and O polysaccharide antigen

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8
Q

What does immunological response does the lipid A of the outer membrane of gram negatives induce?

A

TNF and IL-1

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9
Q

What is the antigen of the outer membrane of gram negatives?

A

O polysaccharide

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10
Q

What is the site of oxidative and transport enzymes in bacteria?

A

Plasma membrane (lipoprotein bilayer)

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11
Q

What do you call the space between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria?

A

Periplasm

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12
Q

The periplasm contains many hydrolytic enzymes, including WHAT?

A

beta-lactamases

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13
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

Protein synthesis

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14
Q

What do you call the two subunits of bacterial ribosomes?

A

50S and 30S

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15
Q

What structure protects against phagocytosis?

A

Bacterial capsule (both + and -)

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16
Q

What is the capsule made of?

A

polysaccharide (except Bacillus anthracis)

17
Q

Bacillus anthracis has a capsule made of something other than polysaccharide. What is it?

A

D-glutamate.

18
Q

What mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface?

A

Pilus/fimbria

19
Q

What forms attachment between two bacteria during conjugation?

A

Sex pilus

20
Q

What is the pilus/fimbria made of?

A

Glycoprotein

21
Q

What is the function and composition of the flagellum?

A

Motility and protein.

22
Q

This structure is resistant to dehydration, heat, and chemicals

A

Spore

23
Q

What are spores made of?

A

Keratin-like coat; dipicolinic acid; peptidoglycan.

24
Q

What DNA structure contains a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes, and toxins?

A

Plasmid

25
Q

What bacterial structure mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (e.g. indwelling catheters)?

A

Glycocalyx

26
Q

What is the glycocalyx made of?

A

Polysaccharide

27
Q

What things are unique to gram positives?

A

Lipoteichoic acid & cell wall

28
Q

What things are unique to gram negatives?Q

A
  1. Endotoxin/LPS (outer membrane)

2. Periplasm

29
Q

What 5 structures are common to both gram + and -?

A
  1. Flagellum
  2. Pilus
  3. Capsule
  4. Peptidoglycan
  5. Cytoplasmic membrane

Micro (21 decks)

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